北京市清华大学2020年高三英语11月中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题含解析

这是一份北京市清华大学2020年高三英语11月中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题含解析，共27页。
北京市清华大学2020年高三英语11月中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题（含解析）
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Autumn is great for European walking: paths are mud-free, temperatures are mild, crowds are few and beautiful colors abound.The following are four European adventures to walk your way through autumn.
The unknown Cilento
South of Italy’s Amalfi Coast hides a much less discovered wonderland.After stopping to view the marvelous Greek temple remains at Paestum, Sherpa’s next destination concentrates on the Cilento National Park — first following its rugged seashore past the occasional myrtle grove (小树林), and sandy beach, then leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns.Home-cooked dinners conclude exciting days of goat tracks and ghost villages before a scenic path leads back to the seaside.Four nights £630 half board, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October 31.
Turkish delights
Follow an impressive section of Turkey’s expansive Lycian Way, gradually moving from cliffs to coastline.You’ll begin in pine-filled peaks, typically on shaded paths to sea views, and stop at both a pool-boasting upscale hotel and one of the Yanartas region’s ever-burning flames — possibly fueled by a monster below.A fine fish restaurant comes next, then a mile-long sandy beach ahead of two days on lonely Cape Gelidonya, finishing by its lighthouse.Six nights £790, including ten other meals, transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure in early November.
Carpathian clambers
Poland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries.Some days include the option of climbing to snowy peaks or taking easier, lower-altitude options, and you’ll likely meet the Gorals — a culturally-distinct group known as “highlanders”.Most memorable activity will be walking along the 300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica.Seven nights £630, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October 24.
Flowers and feta
Greece’s Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the “Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物)” for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids.Between villages of whitewashed, flower-decorated stone houses, walkers can follow old paths onto mountainsides, and wander through olive groves or beside the glittering Aegean Sea.Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.Seven nights £535, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October 23.
1. What can you do when you are in the unknown Cilento?
A. Swim in a pool. B. Have a spa.
C. Explore medieval towns. D. Walk through olive groves.
2. Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October?
A. Turkey. B. Cilento. C. Greece D. Krakow.
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. It is a monster that fuels the fire in Yanartas region.
B. Meals are free when you are taking the first adventure.
C. You can enjoy a spa from Gorals in the town Szczawnica.
D. Bean soup can be served in the pub of Greece’s Pelion Peninsula.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了秋天的四个欧洲之旅。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The unknown Cilento部分“leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns.”可知，把现代化抛在脑后，去内陆的中世纪山顶城镇冒险。由此可知，在unknown Cilento可以探索中世纪的城镇。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Turkish delights部分“Last departure in early November.”（最后一次出发在十一月初），其他几个线路最后一次出发的时间都在十月份，所以如果打算在十月份后去欧洲旅行，最好选择的目的地是“Turkish delights”，也就是土耳其，故选A。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Flowers and feta部分“Greece’s Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the “Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物)” for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids.”（希腊佩利翁半岛是一个被称为“人首马身的怪物之地”的地方，因为它与神话中的马人混血儿有关）和“Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.”（有些日子有游泳的机会，有些日子则有机会在当地的酒吧里喝豆汤、吃羊乳酪面包），可知D选项“希腊佩利翁半岛的酒吧可以供应豆汤”这一表述正确，故选D。
B
Lou Gehrig (1903-1941) was a baseball player with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man. His father was often out-of-work because he was an alcoholic and his mother was a maid. His two sisters and only brother died young.As a young boy, Gehrig helped his mother with her work. However, he never let his tough start hold him back. He started playing for the Yankees in 1923 after attending Columbia University, setting many major league records during his career. This included the most consecutive games played (2130 games), a record only broken 56 years later in 1995.
Sadly, at the age of 36, he started to tire mid-season and his speed and cooperation ability faded. He resigned. Soon after he was diagnosed with a form of motor neuron disease named amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.
After his speech, the crowd stood and clapped for almost two minutes. The New York Times reported that it was “one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a ball field”. Gehrig died two years later of the disease. This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as “Lou Gehrig’s disease”. The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given each year to the Major League Baseball player who best exhibits Gehrig’s integrity and character.
4 When did Lou Gehrig give his speech?
A. in 1903. B. in 1923. C. in 1939. D. in 1940.
5. Who are the audience for Lou’s speech?
A. His family. B. His friends. C. His opponents. D. His supporters.
6. Why is the illness known as “Lou Gehrig’s disease”?
A. Lou Gehrig named the disease.
B. This disease is related to playing baseball.
C. People get to know the disease due to Lou Gehrig.
D. The disease had never appeared before Lou Gehrig caught it.
7. What word can best describe Lou Gehrig according to the passage?
A. Determined and persistent. B. Emotional and patient.
C. Wealthy and humorous. D. Gentle and generous.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名棒球运动员Lou Gehrig，包括他的家庭背景、在棒球领域的成就和以及对人们的影响等。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“at the age of 36”和最后一句“He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.”（ 同年7月4日，他在洋基球场向他的队友和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲。）可知Lou Gehrig演讲时是36岁，再由一段第一句中“Lou Gehrig (1903-1941)”可知，Lou Gehrig出生于1903年，他36岁时，应该是1939年。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.”（ 同年7月4日，他在洋基球场向他的队友和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲。）可知，Lou Gehrig演讲时的观众是他的队友和球迷，这些人都是他的支持者。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段第三、四句“Gehrig died two years later of the disease.This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as ‘Lou Gehrig’s disease’”（ 两年后，Gehrig死于这种疾病。这提高了人们对这种疾病及其症状的认识；在北美，（现在）它仍然通常被称为“卢伽雷氏病”。）可知，Gehrig之死，提高了人们对这种病的认识，所以人们开始了解这种疾病是由于Lou Gehrig。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段第二、三句“He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man.”（ 他是一位被称为“铁马”的强力击球手。格里克是一个强壮、坚强、道德高尚的人。）以及“However, he never let his tough start hold him back.”（然而，他从未让艰难的开始阻碍他）可以推断，他是个意志坚强，坚持不懈的人。A项“坚定且坚持不懈”符合题意。故选A项。
C
We know that the pandemic(流行病)has had a far-reaching impact on our minds — so much so that it may have changed the very fabric of our society altogether. Mental health professionals think that those with social anxiety will not emerge from the pandemic unaffected.Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, “For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another.” He added, “On one hand, a person with social anxiety may feel relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person, but they may also feel that they have lost the opportunity to socialize with the people they feel safe and secure spending time with, meaning that they feel a new level of isolation and a different level of anxiety about socializing in any form.Without the security of those they feel safe with, self-confidence may very well decrease rapidly.Lockdown may have had a negative impact on those with social anxiety.”
Dr Daria J.Kuss, associate professor in psychology at Nottingham Trent University, says: “Following the lockdown, people in this country were allowed to meet up again, which for individuals with social anxiety may have led to stress and worry.They may not be comfortable being expected to be ‘social’ again, especially when in larger groups, and may worry about saying the wrong things and asking the wrong questions as they are reintegrating into their offline social lives.” Furthermore, Beverley says our even bigger reliance on social media and digital communication in the midst of lockdown could also have a negative impact on people with social anxiety.She says “For some people with social anxiety, communication by media can be even harder than communication in person.We know that words form only roughly 7-10% of the way in which we communicate and that we rely on body language, facial expression, tone of voice, and unconscious signals behind words to convey our thoughts and feelings.”
When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr.Kuss says “I recommend being open and honest with their social environments. Friends and family will empathize when the concerns are voiced openly.Engaging in focused breathing and relaxation may also help alleviate feelings of worry and discomfort.Finally, negative thinking (e.g., “I don’t know what to say”) may be replaced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friends want to see me”).”
8. Why do people with social anxiety feel relieved during the lockdown?
A. There is no one disturbing their life.
B. There is no need for them to socialize.
C. They have increased their self-confidence.
D. People can no longer communicate with each other.
9. What does the underlined word mean in the third paragraph?
A. Stimulate. B. Relieve. C. Begin. D. Develop.
10. What can be the good advice for those with social anxiety during the lockdown?
A. Stay at home alone. B. Communicate online.
C. Open heart to strangers. D. Take a positive attitude.
11. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Stay with safe people can bring more confidence.
B. Lockdown can help people overcome the feeling of anxiety.
C. For people with social anxiety, lockdown is a double-edged sword.
D. It is a suitable way for people of social anxiety to communicate by media.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了流行性疾病对人们生活方方面面的影响，尤其是患社交焦虑的人们在防范禁闭期的感受。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中 “On one hand, a person with social anxiety may feel relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person…” 可知，一方面，患有社交焦虑症的人可能会因为不再需要亲自参加社交活动而感到轻松......。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中 “When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift…” (当防范禁闭形势继续变化时，患社交焦虑症的人们可以做什么来让自己感觉好些呢…)和“Finally, negative thinking (e.g., “I don’t know what to say”) may be replaced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friends want to see me”)..” (最后，消极的想法(例如，“我不知道该说什么”)可能会被积极的想法(例如，“我足够好”和“我的朋友想要见我”)所取代。可知，呼吸和放松也可以帮助缓解忧虑和不适的感觉，故所以划线词的意思是“缓解”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中 “When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr.Kuss says “I recommend being open and honest with their social environments.Finally, negative thinking (e.g., “I don’t know what to say”) may be replaced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friends want to see me”).”” (当防范禁闭形势继续变化时，患社交焦虑症的人们可以做什么来让自己感觉好些呢, Kuss博士说，“我建议对自己所处的社会环境保持开放和诚实的态度。最后，消极的想法(例如，“我不知道该说什么”)可能会被积极的想法(例如，“我足够好”和“我的朋友想要见我”)所取代。由此判断出，对那些在禁闭期间有社交焦虑的人的建议是采取一种积极的态度。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, ‘For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another’.” (咨询服务目录人员Beverley Blackman说，“对那些患社交焦虑的人们来说，防范禁闭期一方面会让他们感觉到深深地焦虑，另一方面也会让他们感到放松”。)可知，防范禁闭期对他们来说有好也有坏，是一把双刃剑，故选C。
D
Most of the 500 whales stranded (搁浅)off Tasmania have now died. Dozens more stricken whales have been found in Australia’s largest ever mass stranding.The estimated total now stands at around 500, with the majority of that number dead and a tenth rescued by authorities on the Island state of Tasmania. Experts believe all of the animals would have been part of one large group. Officials began working to rescue survivors among an estimated 270 whales found on Monday on a beach and two sandbars near the remote coastal town of Strahan. Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south.All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon. They were among the 380 whales that have died overall, with estimates from earlier today suggesting that 30 that were alive but stranded and 50 had been rescued since Tuesday, Mr Deka, Wildlife Service manager explained. He added,“We’ll continue to work to free as many of the animals as we can.We’ll continue working as long as there are live animals.”
It is not known what caused the animals to run aground. While stranding events are not unheard of, they are very rare in such large numbers. About 30 whales in the original stranding were moved from the sandbars to open ocean on Tuesday, but several got stranded again. About a third of the first group had died by Monday evening.
Australia’s largest mass stranding had previously been 320 pilot whales near the Western Australian town of Dunsborough in 1996.This week’s incident is the first involving more than 500 whales in Tasmania since 2009.Marine Conservation Programme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.
Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors.She explained, “They do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and that’s why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might hear the sounds that the others are making, or they’re just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases don’t know where they are.” she added.
12. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. 270 whales were rescued on Monday.
B. 380 whales were found dead on Tuesday.
C. 500 whales were found stranded and dead.
D. 200 whales spotted from a helicopter were dead.
13. Why did Kris Carlyon say this event is the biggest in Australia?
A. Rescue work is not done in time.
B. The number of the death is large.
C. The cause of the event is still a mystery.
D. There was no other similar event in recent years.
14. Which of the following is Not the cause of the stranding of the whales?
A Navigational errors.
B. Overhunting of the human beings.
C. Whales’ group living style.
D. Whales’ confusion and exhaustion.
15. Where does this passage possibly come from?
A. A newspaper. B. A magazine. C. A textbook. D. A travel brochure.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛发现的一次大规模的鲸鱼搁浅事件并分析了鲸鱼搁浅可能存在的原因。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south. All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon”(周三，在距离南极不到10公里的地方，一架直升机发现了200头鲸鱼，截止下午晚些时候，所有这200头鲸鱼都已确认死亡。)可知从直升机上发现的200头鲸鱼已死亡，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Marine Conservation Programme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.”(海洋保护项目野生动物生物学家Kris Carlyon说，就搁浅和死亡的数量而言，最近这次搁浅是澳大利亚最大规模的一次。)可知，本次事件成为澳大利亚最大的鲸鱼搁浅事件的原因是死亡数量之大，故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段 “Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors.She explained, “They do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and that’s why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might hear the sounds that the others are making, or they’re just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases don’t know where they are.” she added.”(海洋科学家瓦内萨·皮罗塔说，鲸鱼可能会搁浅的原因有很多，包括航海错误。她解释说：“它们确实有一个非常强大的社会体系；这些动物是紧密结合在一起的，这就是为什么我们在这个案例中看到了这么多不幸的例子情况。救援它们并不总是凑效，因为它们想回到团队中，它们可能会听到其他人发出的声音，或者他们只是迷失方向，在这种情况下，压力非常大，可能是因为太累了，有时候甚至不知道自己在哪里。)可知，导航误差、群居习惯以及困惑和疲惫都是鲸鱼搁浅的可能原因，而文中并没有提到人类的过度捕捞，故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛发现的一次大规模的鲸鱼搁浅事件，是一件时事新闻报道，最有可能出现在报纸上，故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Going on holiday doesn’t have to be bad for the environment, and there are still plenty of ways in which you can have a much-deserved break without harming the environment.
Forget Planes
While most forms of transport produce carbon dioxide, one of the gasses responsible for global warming,planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel._____16_____ There’s so much to see and do in the UK yet most of us overlook the endless possibilities.There’s the unparalleled beauty of the Cornish coast and the Peak and Lake District.Enjoy the history of a stunning Welsh castle, try boating on the Norfolk Broads or ride the ‘Hogwarts Express’ across Scotland.Or try taking the train over to Europe — within six hours of London are Amsterdam’s famous art galleries.Alternatively, take the car to Cannes in just over half a day or the ferry to Scandinavia for holidays you’d normally only dream of.
_____17_____
Hotels can be huge producers of greenhouse gasses — think about the water that’s wasted, all the bathroom products thrown out half used and all the buffet food that goes uneaten.So choose an eco-friendly option instead.Camping or a home stay — where you live with a family in their own home — are two of the best options._____18_____ some of the things to look out for are hotels made from sustainable materials,which are energy efficient or use their own solar energy and that recycle.Some also have planting programs to attract wildlife.
Pack with care
The less you take, the lighter your carbon footprint because the heavier your luggage is, the more fuel it takes to carry.So pack light and pack responsibly._____19_____ All of their bottles, from shampoo and conditioner to body wash and moisturizers, are now made from recycled plastic that can be re-purposed again and again so no new plastic is produced.And their iconic soap bars now also come in plastic-free packaging.
Buy gifts responsibly
Bringing back gifts for friends and loved ones is part of the fun of a holiday._____20_____ Avoid anything plastic, or if it is plastic make sure it is 100% recyclable, and make sure your friends will love whatever you give them so it isn’t just thrown in the bin headed for landfill.Try to buy presents made by local craftsmen that will benefit the community and help their economy.And don’t bring back anything made from shells,coral or animal products, because you don’t know if they’re from sustainable sources.
A. Consider living in an eco-friendly hotel
B. Think about eco-friendly accommodation
C. But if you insist on staying in the hotel,
D. But make sure you choose items carefully.
E. So why not skip flying in favor of a holiday closer to home?
F. Rather than lie on a beach, why not help our precious planet when you’re away?
G. Take environmentally-friendly beauty and bathing products with you, such as Dove’s range.
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. C 19. G 20. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何在度假时更好地保护环境的几条建议。
【16题详解】
根据空前“While most forms of transport produce carbon dioxide, one of the gasses responsible for global warming, planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel.（虽然大多数交通工具都会产生导致全球变暖的二氧化碳，但由于飞机飞行了大量的英里数，因此会产生大量的碳足迹。）和空后“There’s so much to see and do in the UK yet most of us overlook the endless possibilities.（英国有那么多可看可做的事情，但我们大多数人都忽视了无限的可能性。）可知，空处谈论的是建议大家选择不要坐飞机出行，结合选项可知，选项E. So why not skip flying in favor of a holiday closer to home?( 所以，为什么不放弃飞机旅行，选择离家近一点的假期呢?)这一句承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【17题详解】
空处是本段的主旨句。根据空后“Hotels can be huge producers of greenhouse gasses — think about the water that’s wasted, all the bathroom products thrown out half used and all the buffet food that goes uneaten. So choose an eco-friendly option instead.（酒店是温室气体的巨大制造者——想想那些被浪费掉的水，那些被浪费掉一半的浴室用品，还有那些没有被吃掉的自助餐。所以选择一个环保的酒店。）”可知，本段主要讲述选择一个环保的酒店；根据选项可知，选项A. Consider living in an eco-friendly hotel(考虑住在环保旅馆。)能概括本段大意，符合题意。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据空后“some of the things to look out for are hotels made from sustainable materials, which are energy efficient or use their own solar energy and that recycle.（一些需要注意的事情是用可持续材料建造的酒店，这些材料是节能的，或者使用自己的太阳能，并且可以循环利用。）可知，空处谈论的是如果要住酒店该怎么办，根据选项可知，选项C. But if you insist on staying in the hotel,( 但如果你坚持住在酒店)呼应下一句，符合题意。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据空后“ All of their bottles, from shampoo and conditioner to body wash and moisturizers, are now made from recycled plastic that can be re-purposed again and again so no new plastic is produced. And their iconic soap bars now also come in plastic-free packaging.（他们所有的瓶子，从洗发水、护发素到沐浴露和润肤霜，现在都是由回收塑料制成的，这些塑料可以一次又一次地重复使用，所以不会产生新的塑料。他们标志性的香皂现在也采用无塑料包装。）可知，空处谈论的是一种环保产品；根据选项可知，选项G. Take environmentally-friendly beauty and bathing products with you, such as Dove’s range.( 随身携带环保美容沐浴产品，如多芬系列产品。)符合题意，下文的their指代的是Dove’s。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据空后“Avoid anything plastic, or if it is plastic make sure it is 100% recyclable, and make sure your friends will love whatever you give them so it isn’t just thrown in the bin headed for landfill.（避免任何塑料制品，如果是塑料制品，确保它是100%可回收的，并确保你的朋友会喜欢你送他们的任何东西，这样它们就不会被直接扔进垃圾箱，然后被扔进垃圾填埋场。）可知，空处谈论的是如何选择礼物；根据选项可知，选项D. But make sure you choose items carefully.( 但一定要仔细挑选。)与下文描述一致，符合题意。故选D。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55 分 ）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When my children were teenagers, I _____21_____ a fridge magnet with what was said to be a First Nation or Native American prayer. I _____22_____ it on the door of our refrigerator in full view. I found the words to be thought _____23_____ and hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and be more _____24_____ of others.
Although my children are _____25_____ now, with homes of their own, I’ve kept the magnet on our___26___ door for the past twenty-five years. During that time, I’ve often found that the ___27___ has helped me see situations from a different perspective.
For example, a number of years ago, I was on my way to a farewell function with several colleagues. As we were leaving the office, we ___28___ our other colleague, Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her, and she responded in a fairly rude manner,___29___ our invitation. One of my other colleagues was quite ____30____ and clearly angry over Wendy’s behavior.“I don’t know why you even bothered to ____31____ her,” she said. ____32____on how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us, I commented that perhaps we should just give Wendy a____33____ and forgive her for being rude at the last minute. She was ____34____ having a bad day, and it wasn’t worth holding a grudge (怨恨) against her if we weren’t aware of what ____35____her unusual behavior.
A week later, I learned that when we came across Wendy, she was returning to the office from a medical appointment ____36____ she was told she had pancreatic cancer. She died a year later. Wendy wasn’t being rude to us; she had just received a very ____37____ diagnosis.
Whether it’s a family member who let me down, a friend who _____38_____ a confidence, or a difficult colleague, the quote on my fridge ____39____ me. Although it’s not always easy to forgive, I’ve been able to ____40____ a lot of grudge over the years by focusing on my mantra.
21. A. missed B. lost C. purchased D. sold
22. A. spotted B. carried C. dropped D. placed
23. A. meaningful B. interesting C. familiar D. unexpected
24. A. aware B. forgiving C. ashamed D. confident
25. A. workers B. parents C. seniors D. adults
26. A. kitchen B. fridge C. bedroom D. bathroom
27. A. dream B. message C. target D. relief
28. A. bumped into B. saw off C. knocked down D. dealt with
29. A. demanding B. accepting C. declining D. delaying
30. A. curious B. amazed C. anxious D. annoyed
31. A. convince B. promise C. ignore D. invite
32. A. Reflecting B. Counting C. Looking D. Concentrating
33. A. break B. party C. dance D. lesson
34. A. suddenly B. obviously C. passively D. naturally
35. A. discovered B. avoided C. caused D. created
36. A. where B. that C. which D. what
37. A. confusing B. shocking C. unusual D. casual
38. A. built B. lost C. betrayed D. possessed
39. A. doubted B. evaluated C. guided D. ordered
40. A. take down B. break through C. come about D. get rid of
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我买了一块冰箱贴，上面的祷告词很有意义，希望可以教会我的孩子多点耐心，多宽容他人，多年来这句话也一直指引着我，使我摆脱了很多怨恨。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的孩子十几岁的时候，我买了一块冰箱磁力贴，上面写着“第一民族或美国原住民”的祈祷词。A. missed失去；B. lost丢失；C. purchased买；D. sold卖。根据后文的“I placed it on the door of our refrigerator in full view”可知，我把它放在冰箱的门上。冰箱贴贴在冰箱门上证明是我们家所用，判断可知，只有买了冰箱贴符合题意，并且与孩子十几岁的时候这个语境相呼应，其他选项均不符合题意，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把它贴在冰箱门上，一眼便能看得到。A. spotted弄上污渍；B. carried携带；C. dropped使降低；D. placed放；安置。分析可知，冰箱贴是贴在冰箱上的，此处表示把它安置（贴）到冰箱上，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得这些话很有意义，希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。A. meaningful有意义的；B. interesting有趣的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unexpected意外的。根据“hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and be more forgiving of others.”可知，希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。也就是说我认为这些话是有意义的，符合题意，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得这些话很有意义，希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。A. aware意识到的；B. forgiving宽容的；C. ashamed惭愧的；D. confident自信的。分析可知，根据“more patience”可知，多点耐心，因此可以判断出多宽容他人符合题意，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的孩子们现在已经长大成人，有了自己的家，但在过去的25年里，我一直把磁力贴放在冰箱门上。A. workers工人；B. parents父母；C. seniors较年长者；D. adults大人。根据“with homes of their own”可知，他们有了自己的家，所以已经成为大人，符合题意，也就是长大成人，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的孩子们现在已经长大成人，有了自己的家，但在过去的25年里，我一直把冰箱贴放在冰箱门上。A. kitchen厨房；B. fridge冰箱；C. bedroom卧室；D. bathroom浴室。分析可知，此处表示25年来我一直都把冰箱贴贴在冰箱上，与上文的“on the door of our refrigerator”相呼应，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，我经常发现这个信息帮助我从不同的角度看待情况。A. dream梦；B. message信息；C. target目标；D. relief减轻；安慰。分析可知，此处指上文冰箱贴的话（the words），也就是正是由于这些话的信息给了我帮助，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：例如，几年前，我正和几个同事去参加告别会。当我们离开办公室时，我们碰到了另一位同事，温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她，她回答得相当粗鲁，拒绝了我们的邀请。A. bumped into无意中遇到；碰到；B. saw off送行；C. knocked down击倒；D. dealt with处理。根据“was on my way to a farewell function with several colleagues”可知，我正和几个同事去参加告别会，那么当离开办公室的时候遇到了这个同事符合题意，因为她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。然后接下来问她是否需要等她，顺理成章，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：：例如，几年前，我正和几个同事去参加告别会。当我们离开办公室时，我们碰到了另一位同事，温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她，她回答得相当粗鲁，拒绝了我们的邀请。A. demanding要求；B. accepting接受；C. declining拒绝（邀请）；D. delaying延期。根据“she responded in a fairly rude manner”可知，她回答得相当粗鲁，因此可以推断她拒绝了我们的邀请。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的另一个同事对温迪的行为非常恼火，显然很生气。“我不知道你为什么还要邀请她，”她说。A. curious好奇的；B. amazed惊异的；C. anxious忧虑的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据她所说的话“I don’t know why you even bothered to invite her”可知，温迪拒绝了我们，一个同事抱怨不该邀请她，并且根据“clearly angry”（显然很生气）可知这个同事对温迪的行为感到恼火符合题意，与之呼应。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的另一个同事对温迪的行为非常恼火，显然很生气。“我不知道你为什么还要邀请她，”她说。A. convince使信服；B. promise承诺；C. ignore忽视；D. invite邀请。根据上文“Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her,”可知，温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她。因此可以推出，我的同事很生气她的粗鲁拒绝，所以问我不知道为什么邀请她（和我们一起去）符合题意，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：回想温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫，我评论说，也许我们应该让温迪休息一下，原谅她在最后一刻的粗鲁无礼。A. Reflecting反映；反射；B. Counting数；C. Looking看；D. Concentrating专心于。根据“how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us”（温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫）可知，这是刚刚发生的事情，现在再提起，故回想（reflect on）符合题意，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：回想温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫，我评论说，也许我们应该让温迪休息一下，原谅她在最后一刻的粗鲁无礼。A. break中断；休息；B. party聚会；C. dance舞蹈；D. lesson课。根据“how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us”（温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫）可知，她疲惫，所以此处让她休息一下符合题意，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她今天过得很糟糕，如果我们不知道是什么导致了她的反常行为，那么怨恨她是不应该的。A. suddenly突然地；B. obviously显然地；C. passively被动地；D. naturally自然地。根据上文“Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her, and she responded in a fairly rude manner, declining our invitation.”（温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她，她回答得相当粗鲁，拒绝了我们的邀请。）以及“how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us”（温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫），从这些表现可以看出，温迪很明显今天过得很糟糕符合题意，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她今天过得很糟糕，如果我们不知道是什么导致了她的反常行为，那么怨恨她是不应该的。A. discovered发现；B. avoided避免；C. caused造成；D. created创造。根据上文“She was obviously having a bad day”（很明显，她今天过得很糟糕），因此应该是造成她反常行为的原因，符合题意。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一周后，我得知，当我们遇到温迪时，她正从一次医疗预约回到办公室，在那里她被告知患有胰腺癌。分析可知，这个句子为定语从句，先行词为medical appointment ，从句中缺少地点状语，应该用关系副词where引导，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一年后她去世了。温迪并没有对我们无礼，她刚刚收到一份令人震惊的诊断报告。A. confusing困惑的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. casual随便的。分析可知，根据上文“she was told she had pancreatic cancer”（她被告知患有胰腺癌）可以看出，这个消息是令人震惊的，符合题意，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管是让我失望的家庭成员，泄露秘密的朋友，还是难缠的同事，冰箱上的名言指引着我。虽然原谅并不总是那么容易，但这些年来，我通过专注于我的祷告词，已经摆脱了很多怨恨。A. built建立；B. lost失去；C. betrayed背叛；D. possessed持有。分析可知，此处与“a family member who let me down”（让我失望的家庭成员）以及“a difficult colleague”（难缠的同事）的感情色彩一致，且betray a confidence表示泄露秘密，符合题意，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管是让我失望的家庭成员，泄露秘密的朋友，还是难缠的同事，冰箱上的名言指引着我。虽然原谅并不总是那么容易，但这些年来，我通过专注于我的祷告词，已经摆脱了很多怨恨。A. doubted怀疑；B. evaluated评估；C. guided指引；D. ordered命令；预定。分析可知，根据第一段“I found the words to be thought meaningful and hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and be more forgiving of others.”可知，：我觉得这些话很有意义,希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。因此可以看出，冰箱上的话给我指导，指引着我符合题意，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：不管是让我失望的家庭成员，泄露秘密的朋友，还是难缠的同事，冰箱上的名言指引着我。虽然原谅并不总是那么容易，但这些年来，我通过专注于我的祷告词，已经摆脱了很多怨恨。A. take down记下；B. break through突破；C. come about发生；D. get rid of摆脱。根据“Although”可知表示转折让步，再结合“it’s not always easy to forgive,”（原谅并不总是那么容易）可知，我通过关注祷告词，摆脱了很多怨恨符合题意，与之相对比，故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Double Ninth Festival _____41_____ (celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It is also known _____42_____ the Senior Citizens’ Festival. The festival _____43_____ (base) on the theory of Yin and Yang, the two opposing principles in nature. The ancients believed that all natural _____44_____ (phenomenon) could be explained by this theory. Numbers are related to this theory. Even numbers belong to Yin and odd numbers to Yang. The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is a day _____45_____ the two Yang numbers meet. So it is called Chongyang.
_____46_____ (appreciate) chrysanthemum (菊花) and drinking chrysanthemum wine have always been a tradition during the Double Ninth Festival. Chrysanthemums are regarded as a kind of flower _____47_____(have) the function of an antitoxin (抗毒素) and can drive the evil away.
As nine is pronounced “jiu” meaning long in Chinese, so people use the word jiu _____48_____(express)the meaning of longevity with a person’s life. In the year of 1989, the Double Ninth Festival was designated as Senior’s Day — a day to respect the elderly. Members of a family also _____49_____ (company) their elders to have a ______50______ (relax) day in a natural setting while wishing health and happiness upon them.
【答案】41. is celebrated
42. as 43. is based
44. phenomena
45. when 46. Appreciating
47. having 48. to express
49. accompany
50. relaxing
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重阳节设立的理论基础，以及重阳节的一些习俗活动。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：重阳节于农历九月初九庆祝。陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为The Double Ninth Festival，谓语动词用单数。故填is celebrated。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：它也被称为老人节。结合句意表示“被称为……”可知短语为be known as。故填as。
【43题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：这个节日是建立在阴阳理论的基础上的，阴阳是在自然界中两个对立的原则。结合句意表示“建立在……的基础上”可知短语为be based on，且此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为festival，谓语动词用单数。故填is based。
【44题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：古人相信一切自然现象都可以用这个理论来解释。phenomenon为可数名词，由all修饰应用复数形式。故填phenomena。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：农历九月初九是两个阳数相遇的日子。此处为定语从句修饰先行词day，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：赏菊、喝菊花酒一直是重阳节的传统。分析句子结构可知appreciate在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且此处作句子的主语，应用动名词短语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Appreciating。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：菊花被认为是一种具有抗毒素和驱邪功能的花。分析句子结构可知have在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语flower构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语。故填having。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因为“九”在汉语中发音为“久”，所以人们用“久”这个词来表达长寿的意思。分析句子结构可知express在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to express。
【49题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：一个家庭的成员也陪伴他们的长辈在自然的环境中度过轻松的一天，同时祝愿他们健康和幸福。此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语为members，故谓语动词用原形。故填accompany。
50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一个家庭的成员也陪伴他们的长辈在自然的环境中度过轻松的一天，同时祝愿他们健康和幸福。修饰后文名词day应用-ing结尾形容词relaxing，作定语，表示“令人放松的”。故填relaxing。
第三部分写作 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错 （共10小题；每小题 l分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
Of all the people I have encountered in my life, a person I admire most is my English teacher.Working for our class teacher, she has to work around the clock to take good care of us as well as giving lectures and grade homework.She always walks towards the bus stop, carrying a bag full of notebook or a big folder with assessment reports she makes the night before.She is the one whom we spend major part of our day and she is the one who constant encourages us to break barriers and to be extraordinary.We owe all of our success to him.I will not forget her instructions but I would like to express to my deepest gratitude to her.
【答案】1. a→the
2. for→as
3. giving→give
4.notebook→notebooks
5.makes→made
6.day后加with
7.constant→constantly
8.him→her
9.but→and
10.删除to
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了我最敬佩的人以及敬佩的原因。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：在我一生中遇到的所有人中，我最钦佩的人是我的英语老师。分析可知，此处表示特指，表示我最敬佩的人，所以用“the”，而“a”为泛指，故将a改为the。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：作为我们的班主任，她除了讲课和评定我们的作业外，还要日以继夜地工作来照顾我们。分析可知，“work for”意为“为……而工作”，“work as”意为“以……身份而工作”，此处表示作为我们的班主任而工作，故将for改为as。
3.考查动词。句意：作为我们的班主任，她除了讲课和评定我们的作业外，还要日以继夜地工作来照顾我们。分析可知，“as well as”两边成分为并列，又因前面“has to+动词原形”，故将giving改为give。
4.考查名词的数。句意：她总是带着一个装满笔记本或里面有她前一天晚上做的评估报告的一个大文件夹走向公共汽车站。分析可知，notebook为可数名词并且此处表示复数意义，故用复数，故将notebook改为notebooks。
5.考查时态。句意：她总是带着一个装满笔记本或里面有她前一天晚上做的评估报告的一个大文件夹走向公共汽车站。分析可知，“the night before”是过去的时间，故用一般过去时，故将makes改为made。
6.考查固定搭配。句意：她是我们花费一天中大部分时间在一起的人。分析可知，spend time witn sb.意为“花费时间和某人一起”，此处whom提前，故将day后加with。
7.考查副词。句意：她是一个不断鼓励我们打破障碍和变得非同寻常的人。分析可知，“encourages”为动词，应该用副词修饰，故将constant改为constantly。
8.考查宾语。句意：我们所有的成功都归功于她。分析可知，由上文可知，我的英语老师是女性，如从“she has to work”可以看出，并且to为介词，后应该用宾格，故将him改为her。
9.考查连词。句意：我不会忘记她的指导，并且我要向她表示最深切的谢意。分析可知，此处逻辑关系为并列而并不是转折，故将but改为and。
10.考查固定搭配。句意：我不会忘记她的指导，并且我要向她表示最深切的谢意。分析可知，“express sth. to sb.”意为“向某人表达……”，故将my前的to删除。
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
52. 你注意到同学们浪费食物的现象比较严重。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，呼吁同学们珍惜粮食，杜绝浪费。内容包括：
1.浪费食物的现象；
2.如何减少浪费的措施；
3.你的呼吁。
注意：
1.词数不少于100；
2.题目已为你写好。
Don’ t waste food!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Don’ t waste food!
As a member of our school, I think I bear the responsibility to draw your attention to the phenomenon that a lot of things are being wasted in our school. For instance, walking around the campus, you can easily find an empty classroom with lights on. In the dining hall, large quantities of left-over food are thrown away every day. It's also common that many students still use disposable products for convenience, which really results in the waste of materials.
So, it is time that we took action to stop wasting on campus. First of all, it's essential for us to turn off lights and other electrical appliances when we are not using them. Besides, buy food according to what you need. We should keep in mind that every grain is the fruit of hard work. Additionally, avoid using disposable products, which will surely contribute to the reduction of waste.
Every little bit counts. Let's start from the very little things around us and stop wasting.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班级英语角写一篇短文，呼吁同学们珍惜粮食，杜绝浪费。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
要求：
1.浪费食物的现象；
2.如何减少浪费的措施；
3.你的呼吁。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
bear the responsibility to；with lights on；large quantities of；disposable products；take action to；turn off lights；contribute to；stop wasting
第三步：连词成句
1. As a member of our school, I think I bear the responsibility to draw your attention to the phenomenon that a lot of things are being wasted in our school.
2. For instance, walking around the campus, you can easily find an empty classroom with lights on.
3. In the dining hall, large quantities of left-over food are thrown away every day.
4. It's also common that many students still use disposable products for convenience, which really results in the waste of materials.
5. Accordingly, it is time that we took action to stop wasting on campus.
6. First of all, it's essential for us to turn off lights and other electrical appliances when we are not using them.
7. Additionally, avoid using disposable products, which will surely contribute to the reduction of waste.
8. Let's start from the very little things around us and stop wasting.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all
2.表并列补充关系：Besides, Additionally, Also
3.表因果关系：So
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1]
It's also common that many students still use disposable products for convenience, which really results in the waste of materials.运用主语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型2]
We should keep in mind that every grain is the fruit of hard work.运用that引导宾语从句。