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备战2021年中考英语专项知识 考点07 形容词和副词
展开这是一份备战2021年中考英语专项知识 考点07 形容词和副词，文件包含考点07形容词和副词-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过原卷版doc、考点07形容词和副词-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题07 形容词和副词
命题趋势：
形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1. 形容词的比较等级；2. 形容词词义辨析；3. 形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。
副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。
中考考查重点：
一、形容词词义辨析； 二、形容词短语搭配；
三、副词的基本用法； 四、副词的分类； 五、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。
考向一： 形容词的分类
分类 | 说明 |
性质形容词 | 用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。 funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的 |
类别形容词 | 用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。 financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的 |
颜色形容词 | 用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。 blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的 |
叙述形容词 | 这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的 |
分词形容词 | 英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。 worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的 |
复合形容词 | 指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。 three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的 |
考向二： 形容词的句法功能
成分 | 说明 | 例句 |
作定语 | 一般放在所修饰词的前面 | It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。 |
作表语 | 放在系动词的后面 | He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。 |
做补足语 | 作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征 | I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。 |
作状语 | 主要表示原因、伴随或方式 | Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。 |
【知识拓展】 1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗？ There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。 2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。 Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年，我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。 3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。 【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌 her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋 those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶 | ||
【2020•山东滨州市】—It's very important for us to keep ________.
—You are right. We should learn how to protect ourselves when we're in trouble.
A. rapid B. safe C. lucky D. social
考向三: 副词的基本用法
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
►We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。
►He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。
►＂What happened?＂I asked, rather angrily. ＂发生什么事情了？＂我相当生气地问。
►In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。
不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。
►Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？
►He will arrive before ten o’clock.（介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。
考向四: 副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为：
1. 时间副词：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still
1）表示发生时间的副词：
►It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！
2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。
►She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：
►He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2. 地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home
1）有不少表示地点的副词：
►She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：
①用作介词：Stand up!起立！
②用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词： It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3. 方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly
1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：
►How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。
2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：
►She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：
►He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
4. 程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite
5. 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never
【2020•浙江温州 】—How often do you go to the cinema?
—________. I only watch movies at home.
A. Always B. Usually C. Sometimes D. Never
6. 疑问副词：where, how, why
7. 否定副词：no, not, neither, nor
8. 其他副词：also, too, only
考向五: 易混副词辨析
英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词，但是意义差别很大。
hard艰难地；hardly几乎没有
►They work very hard.他们工作非常努力。
►I hardly know her. 我不怎么认识她.
【2020·黑龙江大庆】Tom studies ________, so he ________ fails the exam.
A. hardly; hardly B. hard; hardly C. hard; hard D. hardly; hard
在英文中，应该注意hard和hardly的区别，hard可以作形容词或副词，意为＂努力＂，也可以指雨大或雪大，而hardly是副词，意为＂几乎不＂。在实际使用时，应注意它们的区别。
late迟到；lately最近
►You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。
►Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗？
pretty=very非常；prettily漂亮地
►The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。
►The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。
意思区别相近的，分别表示具体跟抽象的意思：
close（具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地；closely（抽象）亲密地
►They sat close together
►Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad?
【2020安徽】—China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world.
—That’s true. We are working ______ together in many fields.
A. closely B. nervously C. terribly D. humorously
high(具体高度)高地；highly（抽象）高度地，赞赏地
►The kites fly high in the sky. 这些风筝在天空飞得很高。
►His teachers think very highly of him.（老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高。
【2020·江苏扬州中考】— Is Su Ning fit for the task?
— Hang on. I'll tell you ________ what I think of it.
A. properly B. correctly C. exactly D. highly
deep（空间的，具体）深度；deeply（抽象，感情上的）深深地
►He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。
►Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。
wide具体距离很宽；widely广泛地
►The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。
►We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。
1.【2020•甘肃武威市 】After months of looking he ________ found a job. That made him quite happy.
A. hardly B. quickly C. finally D. sadly
2.【2020•贵州黔南州 】The man in blue is __________ old to finish the difficult task in such a short time.
A. too B. very C. so D. such
3.【2020•海南省】Uncle Liang has a great collection of _________watches.
A. enjoyable B. valuable C. comfortable
4.【2020•海南省】Although it is raining _________, the policemen are still on duty in the street.
A. clearly B. directly C. heavily
5.【2020•黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区 】—Mom, my little sister is crying all the time.
—Mary, be ________! She feels sick. You should take good care of her.
A. patient B. quiet C. honest
6.【2020•黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区 】—Can you catch what I said?
—Sorry, I can ________ understand you.
A. mostly B. nearly C. hardly
7.【2020•黑龙江绥化】Listen to me __________, or you can't follow me.
A. care B. careful C. carefully
8.【2020•江苏省淮安市】—Peter, have you heard of the song Let it go?
—Yes, it sounds _________ and it's popular among young people.
A. nice B. bad C. terrible D. strange
9.【2020•南通市】David is crazy about Chinese history. He _______ visits the museums first wherever he travels in China.
A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always
10.【2020•江苏泰州市】It’s a________ idea to build cabin hospitals (方舱医院) to receive patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 (新冠肺炎).
A. cheerful B. classical C. creative D. curious
11.【2020•无锡市】Cheer up, son! You have friends here. You’re not ________.
A. alone B. awake C. afraid D. asleep
12.【2020•无锡市 】—Look, Grandma! ________ click on this icon, and then you can talk to the doctor.
—So easy? Do I need a special number or something?
A. Simple B. Simply C. Easy D. Easily
13．【2020•徐州市】My grandma is a really nice person — one of________ people I know.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
14.【2020•无锡市 】It’s lucky we booked a room; otherwise we’ll have ________to stay now.
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere
15.【2020•盐城市】Tan Dun has brought Chinese and Western music together.
A. successfully B. hopefully C. harmfully D. peacefully
16.【2020•盐城市】Although Zhong Nanshan knows the new virus is more to old people, he cares little for his own safety.
A. polite B. dangerous C. friendly D. important
17.【2020•扬州市 】—I hate rain. It never ends.
—Dear, don’t think of it. Try to be________ and enjoy things.
A. careful B. cheerful C. useful D. faithful
18.【2020•扬州市 】—Is Su Ning fit for the task?
—Hang on. I’ll tell you________ what I think of it.
A. properly B. correctly C. exactly D. highly
19.【2020•镇江市】My English teacher is a___________ lady and she often corrects my pronunciation again and again.
A. patient B. creative C. modest D. curious
20.【2020•江西省 】Tina ________ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.
A. always B. often C. sometimes D. hardly
21.【2020•沈阳市】Chinese food is so delicious that ________ foreigners are learning to cook it.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
22.【2020•铁岭葫芦岛】Our Chinese teacher is so ________ that each students likes her.
A. patient B. lucky C. shy D. busy
23.【2020•铁岭葫芦岛】He is too lazy so he ________ does housework. We shouldn't learn from him.
A. almost B. hardly C. probably D. exactly
24.【2020•东营市】Everyone in our neighborhood loves my grandma because she is ________ kind to others.
A. never B. always C. seldom D. sometimes
25.【2020•东营市】— Mummy, why do you have grey hair?
— Because you always make me ________.
— Oh, I know why my grandma’s hair is white.
A. bored B. worried C. relaxed D. surprised
1.【2020 •重庆市永川区质量检测（一诊）】The price of gold is______________ than before.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. high D. higher
2.【2020 • 重庆市南开中学下学期阶段检测】 —Listen! It's raining ______ outside.
—Wow, look! The yard is full of rainwater now!
A. strongly B. hardly C. greatly D. heavily
3.【2020 • 北京市昌平区初三年级二模】Mike is growing fast. Now he is even _______ than his father.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
4.【2020 • 安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试（二）】Linda’s father hates waiting in long lines．I think he’s just not very________．
A. patient B. talented C. popular D. powerful
5.【2020 • 江西省宜春市高安市二模】Ken was_________ late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.
A. still B. always C. already D. almost
6.【2020 • 福建省龙岩市九年级学业（升学）质量检查英语试题】My parents are________ me because I won first place in an English speech competition.
A. angry with B. proud of C. worried about
7.【2020 • 山东省济南市市中区二模】—Jack, the school bus will pick you up at 7 o’clock. Don’t stay up late.
—OK, Mom. I’ll finish my homework________ and go to bed early.
A. easily B. quickly C. quietly D. clearly
8.【2020 • 北京市101中学中考三模】I don't think physics is ________ of the subjects we have learned.
A. the most difficult B. most difficult
C. more difficult D. the more difficult
9.【2019 • 天津市河北区二模】Let’s wait for Tony and Daming. They are always at the back of the group and are walking ________ than us.
A. faster B. fastest C. more slowly D. most slowly
10.【2019 •山东省临沂市九年级中考押题（二)】Among these children，Jim has________ life and he lives______.
A．The most happy；most happily B．the happiest；most happily
C．the happiest；happiest D．the happier; more happily
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