所属成套资源:2021小升初英语总复习PPT课件
2021小升初英语总复习 第二部分 词类梳理 第四节代词
展开这是一份2021小升初英语总复习 第二部分 词类梳理 第四节代词,共60页。PPT课件主要包含了第四节 代词,hers,they,that,his bag,看着他,它的名字,your,them,these等内容,欢迎下载使用。
第二部分 词 类 梳 理
一、代词的分类代词是用来代替名词的一种词类,大多数代词具有名词或形容词的功能。英语中的代词通常分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、关系代词、连接代词和替代词等10种。在小学阶段,主要考查前6种代词。二、人称代词1. 人称代词的构成
2. 人称代词的用法(1)人称代词的主格:在句子中作主语,也就是该句所描述的状态的呈现者或动作的执行者。在陈述句中,它位于句子的最前面。如:I am in the classrm. 我在教室里。She plays the vilin very well. 她小提琴拉得很好。They wrked in the factry last year. 去年他们在工厂工作。
(2)人称代词it:在英语中,it有许多不同的用法,其中一种用法是用作代词,指代前面已经提到过的人、事或物。如:A: Wh is that?那是什么? B: It's me. 是我。A: What's the weather like in winter in Beijing? 北京冬天的天气怎么样? B: It's snwy and cld. 下雪而且很冷。A: Where's yur car? 你的车在哪里?B: It's in the garage. 在车库。
(3)人称代词的宾格:在句子中作宾语,位于动词或介词之后,是动作的承受者。如:Mr Li teaches us English. 李老师教我们英语。The fish in the fridge is fr me. 冰箱里的鱼是给我的。
(4)人称代词并列出现的排列顺序:当几个人称代词并列出现时,其排列顺序与中文的不同。①单数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时,其顺序为:第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。如:
Yu and I can cme int the hall nw. 我和你现在可以进入大厅了。My brther and I are ging t the cinema this evening. 今晚我的哥哥和我将去电影院。Yu and Amy were there at that time. 那时艾米和你在那里。
Yu, Mike and I rwed a bat n the lake last summer. 你,迈克和我去年夏天在湖上划船。The cake is fr yu and me. 这个蛋糕是给你和我的。
②复数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时,其顺序为:第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。如:We and yu are ging t plant trees in the nature park. 我们和你们将要在自然公园里植树。Yu and they climbed the highest muntain tw years ag. 两年前你们和他们爬了最高的那座山。三、物主代词1. 物主代词的构成
2. 物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词之前,用来修饰名词,这一点与形容词有相似之处,都不能单独使用。如:This is my rm. 这是我的房间。His cusin is in America nw. 他的表弟现在在美国。
(2)名词性物主代词可以像名词一样单独使用,其作用相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 如:This rm is mine. (mine=my rm) 这个房间是我的。His hbby is playing cmputer games. It's the same as hers. (hers=her hbby) 他的爱好是玩电脑游戏。跟她的爱好一样。
四、反身代词1. 反身代词的构成
【注】反身代词的构成说明:第一、二人称的单数形式在形容词性物主代词之后加-self,复数形式在形容词性物主代词后加-selves;第三人称在宾格代词后加-self(单数形式)或-selves(复数形式)。
2. 反身代词的用法(1)反身代词常用来加强语气。如:The king went t see the girl himself. 国王自己一人去看望那个女孩。I can d it by myself. 我可以自己做。
(2)反身代词也可以用在动词之后。如:David teaches himself Chinese. 大卫自学汉语。She made herself a cup f cffee. 她给自己煮了杯咖啡。
五、指示代词1. 指示代词的概念指示代词意为“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”。常见的指示代词有this, that, these, thse等。this和that用于指代名词单数形式;these和thse用于指代名词复数形式。this和these用于指代空间上较近的人或事物;that和thse用于指代空间上较远的人或事物。如:
This is my bk. That bk ver there is yurs. 这是我的书。在那边的那本书是你的。These are dgs. Thse in the tree are cats. 这些是狗。在树上的是猫。
2. 指示代词的用法(1)指示代词兼具形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的特点,既可以单独使用,也可以在后面加名词。如:This is his cmputer.=This cmputer is his. 这是他的电脑。=这电脑是他的。Thse peaches are fresh.=Thse are fresh peaches. 那些桃子是新鲜的。=那些是新鲜的桃子。
(2)指示代词在句子中可以用the 代替。如:I like this new picture. =I like the new picture. 我喜欢这幅新画。=我喜欢这幅新画。
六、不定代词1. 不定代词的概念没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,叫作不定代词。常见的不定代词有sme(一些),any(任何),n(没有),every(每个),each(每个),many(许多),much(许多),bth(两者都),all(全都),little(很少),a little(一点儿),few(很少),
a few(少数),ther(另外的),the ther(另一个),thers(另外的人或物),the thers(其余全部的人或物),anther(另一个),以及由sme,any,n和every构成的合成代词(如:smebdy, anyne, nthing, everything)等。
2. 不定代词的用法(1)sme,any和n的用法辨析sme和any都意为“一些”,sme用于肯定句中,any用于否定句中,n用于肯定句中表达否定的意思。如:There are sme girls in the rm. 房间里有一些女孩。There aren't any pandas in the muntain. 山里没有熊猫。There is n water in the bttle. 瓶子里没有水。
【注】在一些表示建议、请求的疑问句中,用sme而不用any。如:Wuld yu like sme cffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗?Can I have sme mre rice? 我能多要点米饭吗?
(2)every和each的用法辨析①every和each都意为“每个”,谓语动词均用单数形式。every强调整体之中的每一个;each强调个体概念。如:Every student in the class gets a new bk. 班里每个学生都拿了一本新书。Each kid likes playing cmputer games. 每个孩子都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
②every意为“(三者或三者以上中的)每一个”;each意为“(两者中的)每一个”。如:I read English every day. 每天我都读英语。There are green trees n each side f the river. 河的每边都有绿树。
(3)many和much的用法辨析many和much都意为“大量;许多”。many只能修饰可数名词复数形式,much只能修饰不可数名词。如:There are many peple in the rm. 房间里有很多人。Much f the time was wasted. 大部分时间都浪费掉了。
(4)bth和all的用法辨析bth意为“(两者)都”;all意为“(三者或三者以上)都”。如:My parents are bth teachers. 我的父母亲都是教师。All the students in Class One like English very much. 一班所有学生都非常喜欢英语。
(5)few,a few,little,a little的用法辨析①a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组,其意义是肯定的。a few修饰复数可数名词,a little修饰不可数名词。如:I have a few friends here. 我有一些朋友在这里。There is still a little water in the bttle. 瓶子里还有一点点水。
②few和little具有否定的意义,意为“几乎没有”。few修饰复数可数名词,little修饰不可数名词。如:He has few friends and lives alne. 他几乎没有朋友并且自己独居。There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
(6)ther, the ther,thers, the thers, anther的用法辨析①ther意为“另外的”,其后可接名词单数形式,也可接名词复数形式。如:Put the candy in yur ther hand. 把糖放到你的另一只手。D yu have any ther questins? 你还有其他问题吗?
②表示“两者中的一个”用ne;表示“另一个”则用the ther。如:I have tw sisters. One is Sarah. The ther is Susan. 我有两个姐姐。一个是萨拉,另一个是苏珊。
③thers泛指“另外的部分人或物”,相当于“ther+复数可数名词”。如:Sme g there by car. Others g n ft. 一些人坐小汽车去那里。其他的步行去。Sme say yes, and thers say n. 一些人说是,其他人说不。
④表示“很多中的一个”用ne;表示“剩下的全部人或物”用the thers。如:Jack is cleverer than the thers in his class. 杰克比他班上其他同学都聪明。
【注】the thers=the ther+名词复数形式。如:Jack is cleverer than the ther students in his class. 杰克比他班上其他同学都聪明。⑤anther意为“另外一个”,用来代替或修饰可数名词,表示单数概念。如:I dn't like this hat. Please shw me anther ne. 我不喜欢这顶帽子。请拿另一顶给我看看。
七、疑问代词疑问代词引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句,疑问代词一般位于疑问句的句首。疑问代词有wh(谁,主格),whm(谁,宾格),whse(谁的),what(什么),which(哪个)等。(疑问代词部分的讲解将在后面的疑问句章节中作详细讲解,故在此章节中省略)
【例1】Read and write. 按要求写单词。1. my(名词性物主代词)__________ 2. we(宾格形式)__________
解析:此类题考查对各类代词词形的记忆和转换。答案:1. mine 2. us
一、Read and write. 按要求写单词。1. she (名词性物主代词) ________ 2. she (复数形式) _________ 3. we (单数形式) __________ 4. this (反义词)_________二、Read and translate. 英汉互译。1. 他的背包 __________2. 我的一个朋友 _______________________________3. lk at him __________ 4. its name ______________
ne f my friends/a friend f mine
【例2】Read and fill. 根据中文提示填空。Can yu help __________ (我)with my English?
解析:此题考查对人称代词的主格与宾格的运用。help是动词,在动词之后要用代词的宾格。答案:me
【例3】Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. This is _____ crayn, and _____ is ver there. A. my; yur B. mine; yurs C. my; yurs( )2. There are 30 students in this class. _____ student has a cmputer. A. Each B. One C. Every
解析:第1小题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的运用。第一空后有名词crayn,应该用形容词性物主代词;第二空之后直接是be动词is,应该用名词性物主代词。第2小题考查学生对不定代词的掌握情况。30是大于2的,在这个集体中的每一个,用的代词应该是every。答案:1. C 2. C
三、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. The girl can't find her mther. Let's g and help _____. A. she B. her C. hers( )2. This is Mr Green. We are _____ students. A. he's B. his C. he( )3. I dn't have _____ questins. A. n B. sme C. any
四、Read, chse and fill. 选择括号内适当的代词填空。1. He is __________(I, my, me) father.2. Pass _____(me, I, my) a pen, please. 3. Can I use __________(yu, yur, yurs) eraser?4. Please help __________ (them, their, they) clean the classrm. 5. Are __________(this, these) yur pens?
6. Be quiet. Please dn't wake __________(he, him, his) up. 7. This pencil is __________(me, my, mine). 8. That yellw shirt is __________(she, her, hers). 9. Can yu tell __________(me, my, I) the way t the park?10. Sarah des__________(she, her, hers)hmewrk every day.
【例4】Read and write. 按要求改写句子。Thse are their watches. (改为单数句)
解析:此题考查代词在语境中的综合运用。句子由单数形式改为复数形式的时候,要求将句子中所有能够改为复数的成分都改成复数形式,反之亦然。答案:That is her/his watch.
五、Read and fill. 在下面这段话中的横线上填写适当的代词,补全短文。This is a pht f my family. 1.__________ father is the man n the right. The wman with glasses is 2.__________ mther. 3.__________ is an English teacher. The girl in red skirt is my sister. 4.__________ name is Linda. Wh's the girl between my mther and Linda? It's 5._________,Lily.
六、Read and write. 按要求改写句子。There is sme water in the glass.1. 否定句: ___________________________________________2. 一般疑问句: ________________________________________
There isn't any water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass?
一、Read and write. 按要求写单词。1. I (宾格) __________ 2. they (宾格) __________3. we (名词性物主代词) __________ 4. she (形容词性物主代词) __________5. him (主格) __________ 6. yu (主格) __________7. it (反身代词) __________ 8. us(反身代词) __________9. that(复数形式) __________ 10. thse (反义词) ________
二、Read and fill. 根据句意,用适当的代词填空。1. This is my brther. __________ are twins. 2. Miss Green is ur teacher. We all like __________ very much. 3. Sarah has fur pens, but she desn't use __________.4. This is nt her bk. __________ is in my schlbag. 5. A: What time des __________ sister have breakfast? B: My sister has breakfast at 7:00 a.m.
6. Where are my shes?I can't find __________.7. A: What are yu ding? B: I'm ding __________ hmewrk.8. A: Whse T-shirt is that? B: It's __________. I like it very much.9. I have a dg. __________ name is Gg.10. She is a friend f __________. We gt t knw each ther tw years ag.
三、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. _____ pencil bx is beautiful. But _____ is mre beautiful than _____. A. Tms; my; he B. Tm's; mine; his C. Tm's; mine; him( )2. Mst f _____ like Chinese fd. A. they B. their C. them( )3. I dn't want this shirt. Please shw me _____ ne.A. thers B. the thers C. anther
( )4. I have tw sisters. _____ f them are dctrs. A. Bth B. All C. Either( )5. There are _____ tmates in the basket. A. a few B. a little C. little( )6. Jhn: Wh is Betty?Chen Jie: _____ sister. A. He B. Him C. His
( )7. _____ all like playing ftball. A. I, yu and he B. He, yu and I C. Yu, he and I( )8. That's nt _____. It is _____. I made it _____.A. yurs; mine; myself B. yur; mine; myself C. yurs; her; myself( )9. I can't repair (修理) the mdel ship (模型船) _____. Can yu help _____?A. me; myself B. myself; myself C. myself; me
( )10. We study Chinese, English, maths and sme _____ subjects. A. the ther B. ther C. anther
四、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. This is their classrm. (改为同义句)_____________________________________2. This is my bk, and that is his bk. (改为复数句)_________________________________________________3. 我们的老师喜欢我们,我们也喜欢他。(汉译英)__________________________________________________
This classrm is theirs.
These are ur bks, and thse are their bks.
Our teacher likes us, and we like him, t.
五、Read and chse. 完形填空。 Lk at the girl! She is 1 gd friend. She is 2 English girl. 3 name is Susan. 4 twelve. My 5 is Julia. 6 a Chinese girl. I am eleven. Susan has a happy family. 7 father is a driver and her mther is a dctr. I have a happy family, t. There are three peple in 8 family. They are my father, my mther and 9 . I lve my parents and 10 lve me, t.
( )1. A. I B. my C. mine( )2. A. a B. an C. the( )3. A. She B. She's C. Her( )4. A. She B. She's C. Her( )5. A. name B. bk C. friend( )6. A. I B. I'm C. She
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