人教版 (新课标)必修5&选修6Unit 1 Great Scientists当堂检测题

Section Ⅲ— Grammar

一、用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空

determine　satisfy　break　kill　write　lose　injure　speak　inspire　pollute

1.One of the passengers 　　　　　　in the accident,was my friend. 

答案:killed

2.When we came in,we saw the glasses were 　　　　　　　. 

答案:broken

3.What’s the language 　　　　　　in Germany? 

答案:spoken

4.He told me that his keys were 　　　　　　. 

答案:lost

5.They were 　　　　　　　　　to finish the work as soon as possible. 

答案:determined

6.The first textbook 　　　　　　　for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 

答案:written

7.They are 　　　　　　with the girl soldier,who has finished her work ahead of time. 

答案:satisfied

8.They sent the passengers 　　　　　　in the accident to hospital immediately. 

答案:injured

9.Don’t drink 　　　　　　water,because it carries the virus. 

答案:polluted

10.We were 　　　　　　by the inspiring news. 

答案:inspired

二、单句改错

1.The polluting river gives off a terrible smell.

答案:polluting→polluted

2.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seating as the plane was making a landing.

答案:seating→seated

3.I’m very pleasing with my own cooking because it looks nice and smells delicious.

答案:pleasing→pleased

4.His right hand got burning in that big fire.

答案:burning→burned/burnt

5.As we joined the big crowd I got separating from my friends.

答案:separating→separated

6.I have been to some English-spoken countries.

答案:English-spoken→English-speaking

7.The children examining at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.

答案:examining→examined

8.She had little sense of direction,so she often got losing when she was out.

答案:losing→lost

9.Don’t you know the girl worn a red skirt?

答案:worn→wearing

10.Don’t use words,expressions,or phrases knowing only to people with specific knowledge.

答案:knowing→known

三、完形填空

导学号11610005

Scientists know how to make sea water fresh.They know many 　1　 of taking out the salt. 

One way is to boil the salt water.　2　the water boils,the 　3　 rises.When the steam 　4　 it becomes fresh water.　5　 way is to use the 　6　 of the sun.A tray(盘子)with a special glass side is used.The 　7　 warms the sea water.The steam 　8　.When the steam cools on the 　9　,it is fresh water.This water runs 　10　 the glass into a little gutter(槽). 

Still another way is to 　11　 the sea water.The 　12　 stays on the outside of the ice.Then the scientists 　13　 the salt.The ice is 　14　 water. 

Do all these ways 　15　?Yes,they do. 

Then why 　16　 we have fresh water for people who need it? 

The 　17　 is that some day we will.But we can’t do that yet.It costs too much 　18　 to make salt water fresh.It costs more than most people can 　19　. 

But scientists are still 　20　 better ways.Some day,everyone may drink fresh water that comes from the salty sea. 

1.A.ideas　　  B.ways　　  C.steps　　  D.thoughts

答案:B

解析:由第二段第一句中的One way以及第三段第一句中的another way可知,本文主要讲述的是使海水变为淡水的方法。

2.A.Before B.After C.As D.If

答案:C

解析:由句意可知:水蒸气升起这一动作的发生,应是在水沸腾的时候,而不是之前或之后。

3.A.gas B.air C.steam D.salt

答案:C

解析:水沸腾时,上升的是水蒸气,不是gas(气体),air(空气)或salt(盐)。

4.A.freezes B.disappears

C.cools D.warms

答案:C

解析:水蒸气什么时候才会变成水呢?当然是在冷却的时候。而freeze是“结冰”的意思,disappear的意思是“消失”,warm作动词时的意思是“使温暖”,只有动词cool的意思是“使冷却”。

5.A.The other B.Another

C.One D.Other

答案:B

解析:another表示“三者或三者以上中的另一个”;other表示“另外的,其他的”,用来修饰名词复数;the other则用来指“两者中的另一个”,因为此处并没有说只有两种方法,所以应选择another。

6.A.heat B.light C.height D.shadow

答案:A

解析:从第7空后的“warms the sea water”可以推知,这里利用的是太阳的热能。

7.A.glass B.sun C.sky D.tray

答案:B

解析:什么能够使海水变暖呢?在四个选项中,glass,sky和tray都不具备这个功能,而太阳发出的光和热可以使海水变暖。

8.A.appears B.falls

C.disappears D.rises

答案:D

解析:由第二段第二句中的rises可以得出答案。

9.A.tray B.ground C.glass D.way

答案:C

解析:根据下一句可以得知:水蒸气上升后,在“玻璃”上逐渐冷却变成了水,最后顺着玻璃流入小槽。

10.A.up B.from C.out of D.down

答案:D

解析:根据常识可知水应该由上向下流,down除了表示“向下”,还有“沿着”的含义。

11.A.freeze B.cool C.pour D.save

答案:A

解析:由下文的内容可以看出本句话的意思是“另外一种方法就是冻结海水”。freeze表示“冻结”;cool的意思是“冷却”;pour的意思是“灌注”;save的意思是“节省”。

12.A.water B.salt C.sun D.sea

答案:B

解析:由上句“另外一种方法就是冻结海水”和下文的“Then the scientists　13　the salt.”可以得知:附着在冰面上的应该是salt。 

13.A.wash off B.taste

C.add D.take off

答案:A

解析:wash off的意思是“清洗掉”,而take off的意思是“脱掉”。taste和add不符合文意。本句表示“科学家把盐清洗掉”。

14.A.salty B.clear

C.fresh D.clean

答案:C

解析:本文讲述的是如何使海水变成淡水。把盐分清洗掉后,剩下的自然就是淡水了。fresh water的意思是“淡水”。

15.A.affect B.suit

C.fit D.work

答案:D

解析:work除了“工作”的含义外,还可以表示“起作用,奏效”,而affect的意思是“影响”,suit的意思是“适合”,fit也表示“适合”。结合句意,work为最佳答案。本句意思是“所有这些方法都奏效吗?”。

16.A.don’t B.needn’t

C.daren’t D.didn’t

答案:A

解析:本句讲述的是科普常识,应该用一般现在时态,因此可把didn’t排除;另外句子中没有“需要”和“敢”的意思,应舍去B、C两项。

17.A.problem B.answer

C.reason D.excuse

答案:B

解析:因为上句提出了一个问题,所以很明显此处应该是对上面问题的回答。故选择answer。

18.A.money B.time

C.difficulty D.salt

答案:A

解析:根据本句中的动词costs及下一句话“It costs more than most people can　19　.”可以推知,这样做会花费很多钱。 

19.A.save B.cost

C.pay D.take

答案:C

解析:本题对上下文的联系及动词进行考查。主语是人时一般不用cost和take,另外save不合文意。pay作为“付钱”之意时,用人作主语,符合文意。

20.A.caring for B.looking for

C.waiting for D.depending on

答案:B

解析:care for的意思是“喜欢,照顾”;look for的意思是“寻找”;wait for的意思是“等待”;depend on的意思是“依靠”。由上下文可知:科学家们正在“寻找”更好的方法。

四、语篇填空

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Freud was one of the first scientists 1. (make)serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2.(base) on the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3.(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis(催眠).He wanted to see if 4.(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease 5.(trouble) minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6.(sit)with his patients and listening 7. them talk.He had them talk about 8. they were thinking.All 9.(idea),thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 10.(express).There could be no holding back because of fear or guilt.

答案:1.to make　2.based　3.to search　4.putting　5.troubled　6.sitting　7.to　8.whatever　9.ideas　10.be expressed

五、阅读理解

Don’t work for money

I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn.I heard the other day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than $100,000 a year.A business consultant(顾问)who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many doctors,and dentists struggle financially.I had thought that when they graduated,the dollars would pour in.It was this business consultant who gave me the phrase,“They are one skill away from great wealth.” I have mentioned before that financial intelligence is a synergy(综合)of accounting,investing,marketing and law.Combine those four technical skills and making money with money is easier.When it comes to money,the only skill most people know is to work hard. 

When I graduated from the U.S.Merchant Marine Academy in 1969,my educated dad was happy.Standard Oil of California had hired me for its oil-tanker fleet.I had a great career ahead of me,yet I left the job after six months with the company and joined the Marine Corps to learn how to fly.My educated dad was sad.Rich dad congratulated me.

Job security meant everything to my educated dad.Learning meant everything to my rich dad.Educated dad thought I went to school to learn to be a ship’s officer.Rich dad knew that I went to school to study international trade.

When I asked the classes I taught,“How many of you can cook a better hamburger than McDonald’s?”,almost all the students raised their hands.I then asked,“So if most of you can cook a better hamburger,how come McDonald’s makes more money than you?” The answer is obvious:McDonald’s is excellent at business systems.The reason so many talented people are poor is because they focus on building a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems.The world is filled with talented poor people.All too often,they are poor or struggle financially or earn less than they are capable of,not because of what they know but because of what they do not know.They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger.

(一)根据短文内容,选择最佳答案

1.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that 　　　. 

A.talented people are the ones who earn the most

B.most Americans possess great wealth

C.when doctors graduate they can earn a lot of money

D.working hard is not the only skill to gain great wealth

答案:D

解析:推理判断题。由第一段最后两句可知,“将四种专业技能结合起来,以钱生钱就会更容易”“说到钱,大部分人所知的唯一技能就是拼命工作。”由此可推出作者认为努力工作并不是获得巨大财富的唯一途径。

2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.They have learned one skill to become rich men.

B.To become rich men,they have to learn one more skill.

C.They don’t want to get close to rich men.

D.They hope to become rich men as soon as possible.

答案:B

解析:句意理解题。根据下一句“财商是会计、投资、市场营销和法律方面的能力综合”和本段最后一句“说到钱,大部分人所知的唯一技能就是拼命工作”可知该句的含义是“他们还需多学习并掌握一项技能,他们才能变得富有”。

3.The author probably agrees that 　　　. 

A.losing one’s job is the beginning of becoming rich

B.job security is of great importance for his rich dad

C.learning something useful is more important than a good job

D.his educated dad is one of those who work for themselves

答案:C

解析:推理判断题。由第二段可知,作者辞去了一份很好的工作,去学习飞行。这表明作者认为学习有用的东西要比一份好的工作更重要。

4.The author gives the example of his students to tell us 　　　. 

A.why so many talented people are poor

B.his students can cook better hamburgers than McDonald’s

C.how to become excellent at business systems

D.how to learn the skills of selling and delivering hamburgers

答案:A

解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述可知,“作者举出自己学生的例子,就是为了说明为什么许多有才华的人不能发财致富,原因在于:就是因为他们只是专心于做更好的汉堡包,而对运营体系几乎一无所知。

(二)文章二次开发

从文章中找出含有过去分词或过去分词短语作定语或表语的句子(含有同一个过去分词的句子,只写位置最靠前的句子即可)。

答案:(1)I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn.(表语,定语)

(2)When I graduated from the U.S.Merchant Marine Academy in 1969,my educated dad was happy.(定语)

(3)The world is filled with talented poor people.(表语)

六、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项

When you are waiting in front of a theater or at the train terminals(终点站),you will realize how important punctuality is.Punctuality(准时) is really a virtue, especially in a busy city.　1　 

Punctuality is the main constituent (构成部分) of good character.　2　 On the other hand, a person who is always late shows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy to be friends with. 

Some people often say that they cannot always be punctual since traffic is so heavy these days.　3　 As everybody knows, we might meet an unexpected jam on the roads, so we should leave a bit earlier for the appointment to ensure that we would not be late. 

　4　 When they finally arrive, they keep on saying sorry to their friends and then explain.The excuse is not always traffic jam. Sometimes they complain that they have met a friend on the road or have helped a blind man to cross the road. Some also like to blame their watches, the clocks at home or in the office. To such people, we cannot help but say sorry that we have come too early. 

Yet after all, such smart fellows will soon find that gradually their friends become fewer and fewer.Perhaps at that time, they would realize how important punctuality is.

　5　 So when we are young, we should try to be punctual every time and never be late,for it is much more easily acquired in youth than when we are older. 

A.To be or not to be punctual is a habit.

B.It is polite to be punctual when you are invited to a party.

C.Some people always have a lot of excuses for coming late.

D.I think traffic jam cannot be an excuse for being late.

E.In western countries, punctuality is very important in social life.

F.Perhaps if everybody were punctual, there would be less suffering and sorrow.

G.A person who is always on time for his appointment shows real consideration for others.

答案:1~5 FGDCA