高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars练习题

课时作业(十四)　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars

Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading—Language Points

(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．She is________(like) her mother；she is tall and her mother is very short.

答案：　unlike

2．It is generally accepted that smoking is________(harm) to our health.

答案：　harmful

3．Some________(violence )scenes in the film were cut when it was shown on television.

答案：　violent

4．The________expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the________problem.(puzzle)

答案：　puzzled；puzzling

5．We should try to prevent the rare animals from________(hunt)．

答案：　being hunted

6．It is the third time that the president________ (come) to China for a visit.

答案：　has come

7．________makes the things worse is that he has lost his patience.

答案：　What

8．The new law makes________possible for us to get more chances in the country.

答案：　it

9．In summer the house will be too hot for the old man________(live) in.

答案：　to live

10．Social attention should be paid to preventing our earth from________(pollute)．

答案：　being polluted

Ⅱ.阅读理解

Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical (数学) problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.

However，Halley had a friend named Newton，who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem，but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)．

Now Halley set to work.He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607，and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.

This seemed very strange to Halley.The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets，as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.

It was an astonishing idea！Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what comet would happen in the future.He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it，for he has died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halley’s comet，in his honor.

语篇解读　本文主要介绍了天文学家哈雷和他的重大发现。并介绍了彗星以哈雷为名的由来。

1．Halley made his discovery________.

A．by doing experiments

B．by means of his own careful observation

C．by using the work of other scientists

D．by chance

解析：　细节理解题。由文中第三段“He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607，and 1682 all had the same orbit.”可知应选C。

答案：　C

2．Halley made a surprising，but correct prediction in the year________.

A．1704  B．1705

C．1706  D．1707

解析：　数字计算题。第五段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。

答案：　B

3．This passage in general is about________.

A．Halley and other scientists

B．the orbit of a comet

C．Newton and Halley

D．Halley and his discovery

解析：　主旨大意题。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。

答案：　D

4．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist.

B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.

C．Newton was a famous mathematician.

D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.

解析：　推理判断题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第1题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D。

答案：　C

Ⅲ.完形填空

It surprised me—every time I saw Joe，he was smiling.It didn’t__1__whether he had to stop at a stop light，or if he were the seventh person in__2__at the bank，and the service stopped just before he got there.Joe__3__smiled.It made me wonder why he seemed so__4__every day.

Having observed Joe with other people，I__5__something else also.Joe asked people how they were doing，and really seemed to listen to their__6__.If someone was hurt，he had__7__and kind words for him and offered to__8__in any way he could.

It made me think...What if I tried to smile more？A(n)__9__began when I went to the grocery store.I smiled as I went up and down the aisles...and people I didn’t even__10__smiled back at me.Some even__11__！A little kid in the cart (购物车) who was giving his mother a__12__time saw me smile and__13__talking...and，you guessed it.He made a shy little attempt at a smile.The man in the handicapped (残疾的) cart__14__ a person to reach something...I could get that for him.The smile even transferred over to him，and he__15__me.

As I drove home，I was smiling.I __16__what I had just learned，and when someone passed me and gave me a(n)__17__，I smiled at him.He looked puzzled.

Now I know a smile is a small thing，but what if we were all to try to smile a few more times each day？I couldn’t believe how__18__I felt.Nothing in my life had changed，__19__maybe it had.For what I learned was that such a small thing could__20__not only my spirits，but those around me as well.

语篇解读　作者发现Joe总是微笑面对一切，自己也决定尝试着多对人微笑，而后惊讶地发现微笑虽然是一件很小的事情，但是能够鼓舞自己和周围的人。

1．A.work  B．happen

C．matter  D．last

解析：　词语辨析题。根据首句可知，即使发生对他不利的情况他也感觉无关紧要。work工作；happen发生，碰巧；matter重要；last持续，选C。

答案：　C

2．A.order  B．debt

C．hand  D．line

解析：　习语搭配题。在银行办理业务一般要排队(in line)等候。order命令；debt债务；hand手；line线，队列，选D。

答案：　D

3．A.always  B．finally

C．immediately  D．still

解析：　背景常识题。文章开头谈到每次看到Joe的时候他都在微笑着，下文也有提示“...why he seemed so________every day.”所以此处填always。Joe总是微笑着。always总是；finally最后；immediately马上；still仍然，选A。

答案：　A

4．A.naughty  B．happy

C．active  D．humorous

解析：　词语辨析题。微笑说明心情愉快，因此此处填happy。naughty淘气的；happy快乐的；active活跃的；humorous幽默的，选B。

答案：　B

5．A.decided  B．judged

C．noticed  D．considered

解析：　词语辨析题。根据下句的描述可知，通过观察Joe与他人交往，作者注意到了一些其他的事情。decide决定；judge判断；notice注意到；consider考虑，选C。

答案：　C

6．A.answers  B．theories

C．excuses  D．chains

解析：　逻辑推理题。answer与前面的ask对应。问别人问题，且倾听他人的回答。answer回答；theory理论；excuse借口；chain链子，链锁，选A。

答案：　A

7．A.guidance  B．respect

C．pity  D．protection

解析：　习语搭配题。根据“If someone was hurt...”和kind words可知，他应是同情受到伤害的人。have pity for...对……同情。guidance指引；respect尊重；pity同情；protection保护，选C。

答案：　C

8．A.perform  B．attempt

C．bother  D．help

解析：　逻辑推理题。Joe是一个有同情心的人，在别人受到伤害时总是帮助别人。perform表演；attempt尝试；bother打扰；help帮助，选D。

答案：　D

9．A.experiment  B．life

C．project  D．program

解析：　背景常识题。此处的experiment和前面的tried相呼应。作者准备尝试着多微笑。experiment实验；life生活；project工程；program项目，选A。

答案：　A

10．A.meet  B．touch

C．know  D．contact

解析：　逻辑推理题。根据上文“...I went to the grocery store.”可知，商店中的很多人应是彼此不认识的。meet见面；touch触摸；know知道；contact联系，选C。

答案：　C

11．A.glared  B．greeted

C．prevented  D．escaped

解析：　逻辑推理题。当“我”向不认识的人微笑时，有些人不但还以微笑，甚至和“我”打招呼。glare怒视；greet问候；prevent阻止；escape逃跑，选B。

答案：　B

12．A.spare  B．long

C．hard  D．great

解析：　逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知，作者举了一个孩子的例子。又根据下文“He made a shy little attempt at a smile.”可知，他应是正在为难母亲。因此hard符合语境。spare空闲的，多余的；long长的；hard困难的；great伟大的，选C。

答案：　C

13．A.stopped  B．tried

C．kept  D．enjoyed

解析：　逻辑推理题。根据下文“He made a shy little attempt at a smile.”可知，小孩应是停止纠缠母亲。

答案：　A

14．A.persuaded  B．accepted

C．supported  D．needed

解析：　逻辑推理题。轮椅上的残疾人一般是需要别人帮忙拿东西，所以此处填needed；persuade说服；accept接受；support支持；need需要，选D。

答案：　D

15．A.thanked  B．changed

C．encouraged  D．invited

解析：　 词语辨析题。根据上文“I could get that for him.”可知，他对作者表示感谢。

答案：　A

16．A.worried about  B．thought about

C．talked over  D．looked over

解析：　习语搭配题。经过一番试验后作者在回家的路上开始回忆自己的收获。think about考虑，符合语境。

答案：　B

17．A.gesture  B．address

C．call  D．ticket

解析：　背景常识题。根据常识可知，遇到人应是相互打招呼，gesture符合语境。gesture示意，姿势；address地址；call电话；ticket票，选A。

答案：　A

18．A.normal  B．great

C．reasonable  D．fundamental

解析：　词语辨析题。根据上一段的描述可知，通过这次试验作者感到非常愉快，感觉很好。normal正常的；great伟大的， 好的； reasonable 合理的；fundamental基本的，选B。

答案：　B

19．A.so  B．for

C．but  D．till

解析：　逻辑推理题。由空格前“在我的生活中什么也没有发生改变”和空格后“也许改变了什么”可知，前后构成转折关系，故选but。so因此；for因为；but但是；till直到，选C。

答案：　C

20．A.realize  B．admire

C．show  D．lift

解析：　逻辑推理题。微笑虽然是一件很小的事情，但是能够鼓舞自己和周围的人。realize意识到；admire钦佩；show展示；lift提升，鼓舞，选D。

答案：　D

Ⅳ.短文改错

Last week，I went out with my family for the meal in a restaurant.The food is not very good though.For my first course，I chose a dish calling “Cook’s special”，turned out to be a kind of pizza.Generally，I enjoyed fast food，and this meal was quite disappointed because it wasn’t very tasty.The rest of my families didn’t enjoy their food very much either.Personal，I think we would have enjoyed us more if we’d cooked a meal at home.After all，we always have had plenty of food in the fridge.

参考答案

Last week，I went out with my family for  meal in a restaurant.The food  not very good though.For my first course，I chose a dish  “Cook’s special”， turned out to be a kind of pizza.Generally，I enjoyed fast food， this meal was quite  because it wasn’t very tasty.The rest of my  didn’t enjoy their food very much either. ，I think we would have enjoyed  more if we’d cooked a meal at home.After all，we always have plenty of food in the fridge.

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