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人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 5 Theme parks教学设计
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这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 5 Theme parks教学设计，共10页。教案主要包含了合成法，派生法，转化法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Period 2 Learning about Language
The General Idea of This Period
In this period the students are to do some exercises on the useful words,expressions and structures learned in the reading part.It is to help them use the useful words and expressions from the context.They are also to learn something about word formation,which will help them to remember English words so that they will enlarge their vocabulary.To achieve the above aims,the teacher can help the students to learn autonomously and cooperatively.That is,the teacher will get the students to work on the exercises individually first and then check the answers together with their partners.While dealing with word formation,the teacher will help the students do it as a task.That is,the teacher will first ask the students to read some words and sentences from the text in which some compound words,derivatives are used,then ask them to discover how these words are formed,summarize the rules and write as many words as possible according the rules in groups.
Teaching Important and Difficult Points
How to grasp and apply the knowledge of word formation to enlarge vocabulary.
How to gain the ability to use the key words and expressions from the context.
Teaching & Learning Methods
Autonomous learning,cooperative learning,task-based learning.
Teaching Aids
A multi-media computer and a blackboard.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
Help the students learn to use the useful words and expressions from the context.
Help the students learn something about word formation.
Process and Strategies
Get the students to sum up the grammatical rules in word formation.
Help them study autonomously and cooperatively.
Feelings and Value
Through the study of this period they may have grasped an effective way in memorizing new words—word formation.Meanwhile,their ability of autonomous learning will be improved to a certain extent.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
T:In the last period,we studied a passage about different theme parks in the world.And I asked you to write a summary using the key words.Now please look at the screen and read out your summary of the passage with the key words individually.I’m sure all of you can do it well.
Summary:
Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy life for a while.In recent decades,however,many parks have been designed to provide entertainment.We call them theme parks.The new parks are usually huge places and have a variety of things to see and do.Theme parks have a certain idea—a certain theme—that the whole park is based on.For example,a sport theme park will offer visitors sports to play or watch;a history or culture theme park will let us see how our ancestors dressed,worked and lived.The oldest theme park in the world is Disneyland. It seemed like a place of fantasy. Besides these,we have the marine or ocean parks,the science theme parks and so on to let us enjoy totally different experience from the real world.
Step 2 Discovering useful words and expressions
T:From the reading passage,we can find some useful words and expressions.So now I’d like you to do Ex.1 and Ex.2 on Page 35,Ex.3 and Ex.4 on Page 36 individually first and then check your answers with your partners to see if you can use them in the given context.
Suggested answers:
Exercise 1:
alternative expression
Words and expression from the text
A main subject or idea
theme
set of things needed for an activity
equipment
shoes used for sports and outdoor activity
sneakers
people going to live in a new area with small population
settlers
unlimited imagination
fantasy
a careful test to try out an idea
experiment
a small number or part;less than half
minority
become real;become alive
come to life
Exercise 2:
sneakers，fantasy，theme，experiment，equipment，settlers，came to life，minority
Exercise 3:
1.amused 2.various 3.charged 4.admission 5.profits 6.souvenir
Exercise 4:
1.When I got close to the tiger.I felt very nervous and excited.
2.As I got closer to him,he moved further and further away from me.
3.Who are you closer to,your aunt or your uncle?Why?
I’m closer to my aunt because she and I both like shopping for clothes.
4.The map showed me that China is closer to Japan than England.
5.My brother is getting closer every year to becoming the leader of his company.
Step 3 Discovering useful structures
T:Boys and girls,have you finished checking your answers?If so,let’s come to the next part—Discovering useful structures.First read the following sentences from the reading passage,pay attention to the underlined words and see what you can find from these words.Of course you can have a discussion.
1.They are more than amusement parks with rides,such as a Ferris wheel,merry-go-round or a roller coaster.
2.They all charge money for admission.
The big companies that own theme parks expect to make a profit not just by the charges for admission,but also by selling souvenirs in their shops and advertising them on television.
3.So basketball and football may be sold along with sneakers and special sports clothing.
S:Let me try.From these words,we can see that some words are made up of two words or more;some words can not only be used as verbs,but also as nouns,and some words are formed by adding prefix or suffix.
T:You really have good observation!As you can see two words or more can make up one word and some are words joined by a hyphen or two,we call these words compound words.Some words can be used both as verbs and nouns.This is another way how words are used,we call it conversion.If some words are formed by adding prefix or suffix,we call this method derivation.We have learned many compound words,derivatives and those words which can be used as different parts of speech.Grasping these will help you remember words easily and enlarge your vocabulary.So now I’d like you to work in ten groups to recall and write as many such words as possible according to the examples.You can refer to word formation on Page 92.
(The teacher hands out sheets to each group)
Task for group 1
Examples of compound words:
1.合成名词
名词＋名词构成复合名词
weekend air conditioner blood pressure
形容词＋名词构成复合名词
solar system fast food human being
动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成复合名词
frying pan washing machine driving license
用其他方式构成的复合名词
get-together outbreak typewriter
Task for group 2
2.合成形容词
名词＋形容词构成的复合形容词
snow-white world-wide
形容词＋过去分词或带-ed结尾的词构成复合形容词
absent-minded duty-bound grey-haired
用动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成的复合形容词
far-reaching close-fitting long-suffering
用其他方式构成的复合形容词
five-storeyed well-known worn-out
Task for group 3
3.合成动词
white-wash safe-guard half-understand
4.合成副词
however beforehand forever
5.合成代词
1)代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)
himself herself ourselves
2)某些不定代词some,any,no,every+body(one,thing)
someone anybody nobody
Task for group 4
Examples of derivatives
1.前缀
dis-否定 disable discourage distrust
in- 不,非 incorrect incomplete informal
im- 不,非 impossible impatient immoral
un- 不 unable unfair unlimited
non-不,非 non-stop
Task for group 5
mis- 误 misunderstand
re- 重,再 rewrite reconsider reuse
en- 使成为 enable
multi- 多 multicultural
tele- 远 telephone
kilo- 千 kilometer
Task for group 6
2.后缀
名词后缀
-an American
-tion/ation collection liberation translation
-dom freedom
-er farmer
-or visitor
-ese Chinese
-ess waitress
-ful handful
Task for group 7
-ian musician
-ing feeling
-ism materialism
-ist pianist
-ment amusement
-ness happiness
-ship friendship
-th truth
Task for group 8
形容词后缀
-able acceptable eatable suitable
-al national
-an Russian
-en golden
-ern northern
-ese Chinese
Task for group 9
-ful hopeful
-ish childish
-ive creative
-less homeless
-y thirsty
-ward backward
Task for group 10
动词后缀
-fy/-ify beautify
-en widen
-ize/-ise apologize/-ise
副词后缀
-ly badly
-ward(s) backward(s)
数词后缀
-teen fourteen
-ty sixty
T:Time is up.Let’s show and share your work.
T:Marvelous!You’ve written so many words.I’ve summarized most of the compound words and derivatives we have learned so far for your reference.You can copy them if you like after class.But you should pay much attention and don’t take it for granted how a certain word is formed.For example,you can put prefix “in-” before the word “correct” to form the new word “incorrect” with the opposite meaning,while you should put prefix “im-” before the word “possible” to form the new word “impossible” with the opposite meaning.
Step 4 Homework
T:In this period we have learned how to use the key words and expressions in the given context by doing some exercises,and we have learned much about word formation,which will help us a lot in memorizing new words and enlarging our vocabulary.You are really working hard today.Now homework for you today.
1.Do Exercises 1-2 on Page 70;Exercises 1-3 on Page 71 and Page 72.
2.Preview Reading and speaking on Page 38,and Reading task on Page 73.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 5 Theme parks
Period 2 Learning about language
Word formation
1.Compounding
2.Derivation
3.Conversion
Record after Teaching
Activities and Research
To enhance the students’ knowledge about word formation,the teacher may carry out a competition in which the students are encouraged to choose some vocabulary from the dictionary and analyze their prefixes and suffixes and further sum up the meanings of the prefixes and suffixes listed.The group who get the most will be the winner.
Reference for Teaching
Grammar
Word formation 构词法
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有合成法(compounding)、转换法（conversion）和派生法(derivation)三种。
一、合成法(compounding)
有两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成词的构成大致有以下几种情况:
1.合成名词
名词＋名词构成复合名词
Weekend air conditioner blood pressure
fancy dress income tax sign language
credit card letter-box X-ray
spaceship fantasyland cowboy
newspaper snowstorm nightfall
ice-cream bus stop birth-control
safety belt earthquake bookcase
landslide heartbeat feedback
flower shop classroom football
watermelon
形容词＋名词构成复合名词
solar system fast food human being
central bank higher education remote control
shorthand madman gentleman
blackboard green-house highway
mobile phone
动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成复合名词
frying pan washing machine driving license
flying-fish working people handwriting
data processing sight-seeing reading room
sun-bathing window-shopping
用其他方式构成的复合名词
get-together outbreak typewriter
overcoat daybreak pain-killer
by-product passer-by editor-in-chief
comrade-in-arms long-term plan air-traffic control
bride-to-be good-for-nothing quick-service counter
father-in-law
2.合成形容词
名词＋形容词构成的复合形容词
snow-white colour-blind world-wide
seasick
形容词+过去分词或带-ed结尾的词构成复合形容词
absent-minded duty-bound grey-haired
clean-shaven long-haired good-tempered
blue-eyed kind-hearted open-minded
用动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成的复合形容词
far-reaching close-fitting long-suffering
well-meaning English-speaking hard-working
good-looking easy-going mouth-watering
world-shaking man-eating
用其他方式构成的复合形容词
five-storeyed well-known worn-out
up-to-date see-through face-to-face
hand-made man-made snow-covered
well-informed first-rate second-hand
five-year(plan) ever-green red-hot
better-sweet
3.合成动词
white-wash safe-guard half-understand
overeat baby-sit overthrow
sleep-walk
4.合成副词
however beforehand forever
sometimes meanwhile alongside
somewhere wherever everywhere
nearby
5.合成代词
1)代词宾格或物主代词＋self(selves)
himself herself ourselves
2)某些不定代词some,any,no,every＋body(one,thing)
someone anybody nobody
everybody something anything
nothing everything
二、派生法（derivation）
在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词法叫派生法,词缀有前缀和后缀两种。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变此类,而不引起词义的变化。
1.前缀
dis- 否定 disable discourage distrust
disagree disappear discover
dislike disadvantage
in- 不,非 incorrect incomplete informal
inactive indefinite indirect
im- 不,非 impossible impatient immoral
imperfect improper
un- 不 unable unfair unlimited
unwilling unusual unsuitable
unacceptable uncertain uncomfortable
uncommon unequal unfit
unfamiliar unfortunate unfriendly
unhappy unhealthy unkind
unknown unnecessary unpopular
unreal untrue uncover
undress untie
non-不,非 non-stop non-smoker
mis- 误 misunderstand mislead misbehave
re- 重,再 rewrite reconsider reuse
recycle recall rebuild
renew replay retell
en- 使成为 enable enrich endanger
enlarge
multi- 多 multicultural multichannel multipurpose
tele- 远 telephone television
kilo- 千 kilometer kilogram
2.后缀
名词后缀
-an American Australian Italian
African Asian
-tion/ation collection liberation translation
pronunciation competition repetition
determination preparation imagination
satisfaction attention revolution
-dom freedom wisdom kingdom
-er farmer villager fighter
worker writer thinker
-or visitor actor editor
-ese Chinese Japanese
-ess waitress hostess actress
princess goddess
-ful handful armful mouthful
-ian musician Asian mathematician
physician technician
-ing feeling shipping building
-ism materialism socialism communism
-ist pianist socialist artist
specialist
-ment amusement entertainment equipment
excitement agreement movement
development judgement encouragement
-ness happiness illness selfishness
kindness carefulness business
-ship friendship membership relationship
citizenship hardship
-th truth warmth width
growth depth length
death
形容词后缀
-able acceptable eatable suitable
unforgettable favourable agreeable
imaginable chargeable profitable
moveable changeable countable
survivable avoidable
-al national natural
-an Russian American African
-en golden wooden woolen
-ern northern eastern southern
western
-ese Chinese Japanese
-ful hopeful forgetful careful
beautiful powerful useful
-ish childish foolish selfish
-ive creative effective active
protective collective
-less homeless harmless fearless
careless useless hopeless
meaningless
-y thirsty stormy rainy
noisy windy cloudy
-ward backward eastward downward
动词后缀
-fy/-ify beautify simplify classify
-en widen shorten lengthen
deepen strengthen heighthen
-ize/-ise apologize/-ise realize/-ise modernize/-ise
副词后缀
-ly badly happily friendly
-ward(s) backward(s) eastward(s) downward(s)
forward(s) upward(s)
数词后缀
-teen fourteen fifteen
-ty sixty ninety certainty
三、转化法（Conversion）
英语中,有的名词可以作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫转化法。
1.动词转化为名词
很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化;有时意思有一定变化;有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作。如:
Let’s go out for a walk.
He is a man of strong build.
Let’s have a swim.
Theme parks charge(v.) money for admission.
Theme parks expect to make a profit by the charges(n.) for admission.
2.名词转化为动词
很多表示物件、身体部位、某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词也可以作动词。如:
Did you book a seat on the plane?
Please hand me the dictionary.
She nursed her husband back to health.
We lunched together yesterday.
3.形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如:
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
She cleans her room every day.
4.副词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如:
Murder will out. (谚语)恶事终将败露。
The army downed a plane.
Period 2 Learning about Language
The General Idea of This Period
In this period the students are to do some exercises on the useful words,expressions and structures learned in the reading part.It is to help them use the useful words and expressions from the context.They are also to learn something about word formation,which will help them to remember English words so that they will enlarge their vocabulary.To achieve the above aims,the teacher can help the students to learn autonomously and cooperatively.That is,the teacher will get the students to work on the exercises individually first and then check the answers together with their partners.While dealing with word formation,the teacher will help the students do it as a task.That is,the teacher will first ask the students to read some words and sentences from the text in which some compound words,derivatives are used,then ask them to discover how these words are formed,summarize the rules and write as many words as possible according the rules in groups.
Teaching Important and Difficult Points
How to grasp and apply the knowledge of word formation to enlarge vocabulary.
How to gain the ability to use the key words and expressions from the context.
Teaching & Learning Methods
Autonomous learning,cooperative learning,task-based learning.
Teaching Aids
A multi-media computer and a blackboard.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
Help the students learn to use the useful words and expressions from the context.
Help the students learn something about word formation.
Process and Strategies
Get the students to sum up the grammatical rules in word formation.
Help them study autonomously and cooperatively.
Feelings and Value
Through the study of this period they may have grasped an effective way in memorizing new words—word formation.Meanwhile,their ability of autonomous learning will be improved to a certain extent.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
T:In the last period,we studied a passage about different theme parks in the world.And I asked you to write a summary using the key words.Now please look at the screen and read out your summary of the passage with the key words individually.I’m sure all of you can do it well.
Summary:
Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy life for a while.In recent decades,however,many parks have been designed to provide entertainment.We call them theme parks.The new parks are usually huge places and have a variety of things to see and do.Theme parks have a certain idea—a certain theme—that the whole park is based on.For example,a sport theme park will offer visitors sports to play or watch;a history or culture theme park will let us see how our ancestors dressed,worked and lived.The oldest theme park in the world is Disneyland. It seemed like a place of fantasy. Besides these,we have the marine or ocean parks,the science theme parks and so on to let us enjoy totally different experience from the real world.
Step 2 Discovering useful words and expressions
T:From the reading passage,we can find some useful words and expressions.So now I’d like you to do Ex.1 and Ex.2 on Page 35,Ex.3 and Ex.4 on Page 36 individually first and then check your answers with your partners to see if you can use them in the given context.
Suggested answers:
Exercise 1:
alternative expression
Words and expression from the text
A main subject or idea
theme
set of things needed for an activity
equipment
shoes used for sports and outdoor activity
sneakers
people going to live in a new area with small population
settlers
unlimited imagination
fantasy
a careful test to try out an idea
experiment
a small number or part;less than half
minority
become real;become alive
come to life
Exercise 2:
sneakers，fantasy，theme，experiment，equipment，settlers，came to life，minority
Exercise 3:
1.amused 2.various 3.charged 4.admission 5.profits 6.souvenir
Exercise 4:
1.When I got close to the tiger.I felt very nervous and excited.
2.As I got closer to him,he moved further and further away from me.
3.Who are you closer to,your aunt or your uncle?Why?
I’m closer to my aunt because she and I both like shopping for clothes.
4.The map showed me that China is closer to Japan than England.
5.My brother is getting closer every year to becoming the leader of his company.
Step 3 Discovering useful structures
T:Boys and girls,have you finished checking your answers?If so,let’s come to the next part—Discovering useful structures.First read the following sentences from the reading passage,pay attention to the underlined words and see what you can find from these words.Of course you can have a discussion.
1.They are more than amusement parks with rides,such as a Ferris wheel,merry-go-round or a roller coaster.
2.They all charge money for admission.
The big companies that own theme parks expect to make a profit not just by the charges for admission,but also by selling souvenirs in their shops and advertising them on television.
3.So basketball and football may be sold along with sneakers and special sports clothing.
S:Let me try.From these words,we can see that some words are made up of two words or more;some words can not only be used as verbs,but also as nouns,and some words are formed by adding prefix or suffix.
T:You really have good observation!As you can see two words or more can make up one word and some are words joined by a hyphen or two,we call these words compound words.Some words can be used both as verbs and nouns.This is another way how words are used,we call it conversion.If some words are formed by adding prefix or suffix,we call this method derivation.We have learned many compound words,derivatives and those words which can be used as different parts of speech.Grasping these will help you remember words easily and enlarge your vocabulary.So now I’d like you to work in ten groups to recall and write as many such words as possible according to the examples.You can refer to word formation on Page 92.
(The teacher hands out sheets to each group)
Task for group 1
Examples of compound words:
1.合成名词
名词＋名词构成复合名词
weekend air conditioner blood pressure
形容词＋名词构成复合名词
solar system fast food human being
动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成复合名词
frying pan washing machine driving license
用其他方式构成的复合名词
get-together outbreak typewriter
Task for group 2
2.合成形容词
名词＋形容词构成的复合形容词
snow-white world-wide
形容词＋过去分词或带-ed结尾的词构成复合形容词
absent-minded duty-bound grey-haired
用动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成的复合形容词
far-reaching close-fitting long-suffering
用其他方式构成的复合形容词
five-storeyed well-known worn-out
Task for group 3
3.合成动词
white-wash safe-guard half-understand
4.合成副词
however beforehand forever
5.合成代词
1)代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)
himself herself ourselves
2)某些不定代词some,any,no,every+body(one,thing)
someone anybody nobody
Task for group 4
Examples of derivatives
1.前缀
dis-否定 disable discourage distrust
in- 不,非 incorrect incomplete informal
im- 不,非 impossible impatient immoral
un- 不 unable unfair unlimited
non-不,非 non-stop
Task for group 5
mis- 误 misunderstand
re- 重,再 rewrite reconsider reuse
en- 使成为 enable
multi- 多 multicultural
tele- 远 telephone
kilo- 千 kilometer
Task for group 6
2.后缀
名词后缀
-an American
-tion/ation collection liberation translation
-dom freedom
-er farmer
-or visitor
-ese Chinese
-ess waitress
-ful handful
Task for group 7
-ian musician
-ing feeling
-ism materialism
-ist pianist
-ment amusement
-ness happiness
-ship friendship
-th truth
Task for group 8
形容词后缀
-able acceptable eatable suitable
-al national
-an Russian
-en golden
-ern northern
-ese Chinese
Task for group 9
-ful hopeful
-ish childish
-ive creative
-less homeless
-y thirsty
-ward backward
Task for group 10
动词后缀
-fy/-ify beautify
-en widen
-ize/-ise apologize/-ise
副词后缀
-ly badly
-ward(s) backward(s)
数词后缀
-teen fourteen
-ty sixty
T:Time is up.Let’s show and share your work.
T:Marvelous!You’ve written so many words.I’ve summarized most of the compound words and derivatives we have learned so far for your reference.You can copy them if you like after class.But you should pay much attention and don’t take it for granted how a certain word is formed.For example,you can put prefix “in-” before the word “correct” to form the new word “incorrect” with the opposite meaning,while you should put prefix “im-” before the word “possible” to form the new word “impossible” with the opposite meaning.
Step 4 Homework
T:In this period we have learned how to use the key words and expressions in the given context by doing some exercises,and we have learned much about word formation,which will help us a lot in memorizing new words and enlarging our vocabulary.You are really working hard today.Now homework for you today.
1.Do Exercises 1-2 on Page 70;Exercises 1-3 on Page 71 and Page 72.
2.Preview Reading and speaking on Page 38,and Reading task on Page 73.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 5 Theme parks
Period 2 Learning about language
Word formation
1.Compounding
2.Derivation
3.Conversion
Record after Teaching
Activities and Research
To enhance the students’ knowledge about word formation,the teacher may carry out a competition in which the students are encouraged to choose some vocabulary from the dictionary and analyze their prefixes and suffixes and further sum up the meanings of the prefixes and suffixes listed.The group who get the most will be the winner.
Reference for Teaching
Grammar
Word formation 构词法
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有合成法(compounding)、转换法（conversion）和派生法(derivation)三种。
一、合成法(compounding)
有两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成词的构成大致有以下几种情况:
1.合成名词
名词＋名词构成复合名词
Weekend air conditioner blood pressure
fancy dress income tax sign language
credit card letter-box X-ray
spaceship fantasyland cowboy
newspaper snowstorm nightfall
ice-cream bus stop birth-control
safety belt earthquake bookcase
landslide heartbeat feedback
flower shop classroom football
watermelon
形容词＋名词构成复合名词
solar system fast food human being
central bank higher education remote control
shorthand madman gentleman
blackboard green-house highway
mobile phone
动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成复合名词
frying pan washing machine driving license
flying-fish working people handwriting
data processing sight-seeing reading room
sun-bathing window-shopping
用其他方式构成的复合名词
get-together outbreak typewriter
overcoat daybreak pain-killer
by-product passer-by editor-in-chief
comrade-in-arms long-term plan air-traffic control
bride-to-be good-for-nothing quick-service counter
father-in-law
2.合成形容词
名词＋形容词构成的复合形容词
snow-white colour-blind world-wide
seasick
形容词+过去分词或带-ed结尾的词构成复合形容词
absent-minded duty-bound grey-haired
clean-shaven long-haired good-tempered
blue-eyed kind-hearted open-minded
用动词的-ing形式＋另一词构成的复合形容词
far-reaching close-fitting long-suffering
well-meaning English-speaking hard-working
good-looking easy-going mouth-watering
world-shaking man-eating
用其他方式构成的复合形容词
five-storeyed well-known worn-out
up-to-date see-through face-to-face
hand-made man-made snow-covered
well-informed first-rate second-hand
five-year(plan) ever-green red-hot
better-sweet
3.合成动词
white-wash safe-guard half-understand
overeat baby-sit overthrow
sleep-walk
4.合成副词
however beforehand forever
sometimes meanwhile alongside
somewhere wherever everywhere
nearby
5.合成代词
1)代词宾格或物主代词＋self(selves)
himself herself ourselves
2)某些不定代词some,any,no,every＋body(one,thing)
someone anybody nobody
everybody something anything
nothing everything
二、派生法（derivation）
在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词法叫派生法,词缀有前缀和后缀两种。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变此类,而不引起词义的变化。
1.前缀
dis- 否定 disable discourage distrust
disagree disappear discover
dislike disadvantage
in- 不,非 incorrect incomplete informal
inactive indefinite indirect
im- 不,非 impossible impatient immoral
imperfect improper
un- 不 unable unfair unlimited
unwilling unusual unsuitable
unacceptable uncertain uncomfortable
uncommon unequal unfit
unfamiliar unfortunate unfriendly
unhappy unhealthy unkind
unknown unnecessary unpopular
unreal untrue uncover
undress untie
non-不,非 non-stop non-smoker
mis- 误 misunderstand mislead misbehave
re- 重,再 rewrite reconsider reuse
recycle recall rebuild
renew replay retell
en- 使成为 enable enrich endanger
enlarge
multi- 多 multicultural multichannel multipurpose
tele- 远 telephone television
kilo- 千 kilometer kilogram
2.后缀
名词后缀
-an American Australian Italian
African Asian
-tion/ation collection liberation translation
pronunciation competition repetition
determination preparation imagination
satisfaction attention revolution
-dom freedom wisdom kingdom
-er farmer villager fighter
worker writer thinker
-or visitor actor editor
-ese Chinese Japanese
-ess waitress hostess actress
princess goddess
-ful handful armful mouthful
-ian musician Asian mathematician
physician technician
-ing feeling shipping building
-ism materialism socialism communism
-ist pianist socialist artist
specialist
-ment amusement entertainment equipment
excitement agreement movement
development judgement encouragement
-ness happiness illness selfishness
kindness carefulness business
-ship friendship membership relationship
citizenship hardship
-th truth warmth width
growth depth length
death
形容词后缀
-able acceptable eatable suitable
unforgettable favourable agreeable
imaginable chargeable profitable
moveable changeable countable
survivable avoidable
-al national natural
-an Russian American African
-en golden wooden woolen
-ern northern eastern southern
western
-ese Chinese Japanese
-ful hopeful forgetful careful
beautiful powerful useful
-ish childish foolish selfish
-ive creative effective active
protective collective
-less homeless harmless fearless
careless useless hopeless
meaningless
-y thirsty stormy rainy
noisy windy cloudy
-ward backward eastward downward
动词后缀
-fy/-ify beautify simplify classify
-en widen shorten lengthen
deepen strengthen heighthen
-ize/-ise apologize/-ise realize/-ise modernize/-ise
副词后缀
-ly badly happily friendly
-ward(s) backward(s) eastward(s) downward(s)
forward(s) upward(s)
数词后缀
-teen fourteen fifteen
-ty sixty ninety certainty
三、转化法（Conversion）
英语中,有的名词可以作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫转化法。
1.动词转化为名词
很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化;有时意思有一定变化;有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作。如:
Let’s go out for a walk.
He is a man of strong build.
Let’s have a swim.
Theme parks charge(v.) money for admission.
Theme parks expect to make a profit by the charges(n.) for admission.
2.名词转化为动词
很多表示物件、身体部位、某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词也可以作动词。如:
Did you book a seat on the plane?
Please hand me the dictionary.
She nursed her husband back to health.
We lunched together yesterday.
3.形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如:
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
She cleans her room every day.
4.副词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如:
Murder will out. (谚语)恶事终将败露。
The army downed a plane.
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