人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 4 Sharing图片ppt课件

这是一份人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 4 Sharing图片ppt课件，共39页。PPT课件主要包含了whichthat，whothat，where，that，zxxkw等内容，欢迎下载使用。

限制性定语从句 定语从句是历年高考的重点之一，考点相对集中，主要有关系代词和关系副词的选用、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句以及定语从句与名词性从句和状语从句的区别等知识点。
用适当的关系词填空，并观察下列句子的结构。1. I knw yu’re dying t hear all abut my life here, s I’ve included sme phts __________ will help yu picture the places I talk abut. 2. The bys ________ had never cme acrss anything like this befre started jumping ut f the windws. 3. The lcal schl __________ has nly 100 students will be clsed.
4. We walked fr tw and a half hurs t get there—first up a muntain t a ridge frm ______ we had fantastic views and then dwn a steep path t the valley belw. 5. The nly pssessins ____ I culd see were ne brm, a few tin plates and cups and a cuple f jars. 结论: 以上定语从句都是限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后_____意思往往不明确。
一、相关概念 1. 定语从句: 在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 2. 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。 3. 关系词: 引导定语从句的词，叫做关系词。
二、关系词 定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有wh, whm, that, whse, which, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
*Yesterday I helped an ld man wh lst his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。(wh指人，作主语) *The river that/which flws thrugh the village is very helpful t them. 这条流过村庄的小河对他们有很大的帮助。(that/which指物，作主语)
*After this he is nt the man that he used t be. 经过了这次事件之后他已经不是原来的他了。(that指人，作表语) *The day will cme when(=n which )we’ll win the final victry. 我们取得最后胜利的日子会到来的。(when指时间，作状语)
三、用关系代词与关系副词的判断依据
*This is the factry that/which I visited last year. 这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词) *This is the factry where he used t wrk. 这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(wrk是不及物动词) *Is this the museum (that/which) yu visited a few days ag? 这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺宾语) *Is this the museum where the exhibitin was held? 这就是举办展览的那座博物馆吗？(从句缺状语)
四、关系代词that和which的用法区别
*All that he lacks is practice. 他所缺乏的只是实践。(先行词是不定代词) *This is the very dictinary that I want t buy. 这正是我想买的那本词典。(先行词被the very修饰) *Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst? 哪一件T恤最适合我？(主句以which开头)
*They secretly built up a small factry which prduced things that culd cause pllutin. 他们悄悄开设了一家小工厂，他们生产的产品会造成污染。(有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which) *China is n lnger the cuntry that she used t be. 中国已不再是原来的那个国家了。(先行词在从句中作表语)
五、“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 有时从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which, whse, whm，不可用that。其选择依据如下: 1. 根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。 *I bught a great many bks, n which I spent all my mney that I saved. 我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。(spend mney n sth. )
2. 依据与先行词的搭配。 *This is the camera with which he ften takes phts. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with the camera) 3. 根据所表达的意义。 *This is the pilt by whm my sn was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。(be saved by sb. )
六、注意事项 1. 当先行词为表示方式的the way，在从句中作状语时，从句不能用hw来引导，应用that或in which或将它们全部省略。 *I dn’t like the way (that/in which) yu spke t her. 我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。(the way在从句中作状语)
2. as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中: such+名词+as. . . “像……一样的”； the same+名词+as. . . “和……同样的”。 *I’ll buy the same dictinary as yu have. (作宾语，指物) 我打算买一本和你的一样的词典。 *We have fund such materials as are used in their factry. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语，指物)
3. 关系副词when, why, where引导定语从句时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词+关系代词”的结构。 *We knw the place where(=in which )ur teacher lives. 我们知道老师住的地方。(live in a place)
七、定语从句常见错误 1. 缺先行词。 Is this schl that yu visited last year? (该句缺先行词，应在schl后面加上the ne) 2. 缺引导词。 Children eat a lt f sugar ften have bad teeth. (应在Children后面加上wh，关系代词作主语时不能省略)
3. 成分重复。 This is the village that I lived in it years ag. (that和it句子成分重复，应去掉it) 4. 谓语单复数确定不当。 He is the nly ne f the students wh knw French. (先行词为the nly ne, 定语从句的谓语动词knw应为单数knws)
Mr Black, wh are at the gate, is waiting fr yu. (先行词为Mr Black, wh指Mr Black, 定语从句谓语动词应用单数is) 5. 关系代词省略不当。 This is the girl frm I learned the news. (在有介词提前的定语从句中不能省略关系代词，frm后面应加上whm)
1. (2011·全国卷Ⅰ)The prize will g t the writer _______ stry shws the mst imaginatin. A. that B. which C. whse D. what
【考点透析】该题考查定语从句关系词的选择。(1)分析句式结构，确定从句的性质。(2)确定从句为定语从句后，要明确定语从句中所缺少的句子成分。(3)明确选项中关系词在定语从句中的作用。(4)确定从句的先行词。
【思路分析】(1)句意: 此奖项将会颁发给作品最具有想象力的作者。(2)由句式结构可知，该从句为定语从句，把先行词the writer还原到定语从句中可知其在从句中作定语。(3)选项C whse在定语从句中作定语。
【易错分析】(1)选项A that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(2)选项B which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。(3)选项D what不能引导定语从句。【答案】C。
2. (2011·天津高考)The days are gne _______ physical strength was all yu needed t make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which
【思路分析】(1)句意: 体力是谋生的唯一所需的时代一去不复返了。(2)由句意及句式结构可知，该从句为定语从句，先行词the days与定语从句隔开，构成“分割定语从句”。(3)将先行词the days代入定语从句后为: During/In the days physical strength was all. . . 由此可知先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。(4)选项A when可以引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作时间状语。
【易错分析】(1)选项B that在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(2)选项C where在定语从句中作地点状语。(3)选项D which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。【答案】A。
通过对前面高考题的分析，同学们掌握基本的做题思路了吗？试着做做下面的题目吧！3. (2012·重庆高考)Sales directr is a psitin _______ cmmunicatin ability is just as imprtant as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。被修饰的词psitin是先行词，它是一个抽象的地点状语，应用where引导。which和that在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when在定语从句中作时间状语。故选D。
4. (2011·福建高考)She has a gift fr creating an atmsphere fr her students _______ allws them t cmmunicate freely with each ther. A. which B. where C. what D. wh 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意: 她有一种可以为学生创造一种允许他们自由地彼此交流的氛围的天赋。所填之处应为定语从句的关系词，因先行词是an atmsphere，且在从句中作主语，故选A。
5. (2011·上海高考)Yu’ll find taxis waiting at the bus statin _______ yu can hire t reach yur hst family. A. which B. where C. when D. as【解析】选A。句意: 在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等，你可以租(一辆)去宿主家里。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词taxis, taxis在从句中作hire的宾语，应用关系代词which。
6. (2011·江西高考)She shwed the visitrs arund the museum, the cnstructin _______ had taken mre than three years. A. fr which B. with whichC. f which D. t which【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意: 她带领参观者参观了那个建造工程花费了超过三年时间的博物馆。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，指博物馆的建造工程，介词用f。故选C。
7. (2010·山东高考)That’s the new machine _______ parts are t small t be seen. A. that B. which C. whse D. what【解析】选C。句意: 那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。machine为定语从句的先行词，从句的主语为parts，其前缺少修饰主语的表示所属关系的关系代词，故选C。
8. (2010·上海高考)Wind pwer is an ancient surce f energy _______ we may return in the near future. A. n which B. by whichC. t which D. frm which【解析】选C。句意: 风能是一种古老的能源，在不久的将来我们可能还会利用它。return t回到，恢复到，其中介词t前置，构成“介词+关系代词”的形式，故选C。