2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组5

这是一份2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组5，共40页。
A(2017·和平区一模)William W.Purkey，a well-knwn prfessr f educatin，said，“Dance like n ne is watching，lve like yu’ll never be hurt，sing like n ne is listening，and live like it’s heaven n earth.” It seems like the perfect life philsphy—and ne I’ve learned t apply t running ver the year.But I didn’t always feel this way.In my early days，when I weighed 240 punds，I ran like everyne was watching—and judging.If I was n a run and saw a car appraching，I’d stp and pretend I was lking fr smething I’d lst.I bught the high-tech gear and clthes that I thught
wuld make peple believe I was a runner.And I didn’t have a clue if the expensive shes I was wearing were the right kind fr me—I just wanted t lk like I fit in with this grup.T be hnest，I felt a certain satisfactin in believing that smene was watching.I really thught that ther peple cared abut my perfrmance.The best example f this was a cmbined，tw-lap marathn in Flrence，Italy.As I apprached the finishing line，the crwd began t cheer.I was surprised.Here I was，thusands f miles frm hme，and the Italians were shuting fr “IIPenguin”.
Abut 20 yards frm the finishing，the truth set in when the winner f the full marathn went past me as I was finishing the half-marathn.N ne was cheering fr me.N ne prbably even nticed that I was finishing.I culdn’t help but smile at my wn illusin f self-imprtance.That’s when I realized I had been running fr every reasn except the right ne.I ran t make ther peple happy，ran t live up t their expectatins.But n ne was watching，n ne cared.S I decided I was ging t run fr me—just me—and gained a new enjyment frm the sprt I hadn’t truly experienced yet.I’ve learned t run like n ne is watching.
S if yu see me at race，and I lk like a 60-year-ld guy waddling(蹒跚) alng，dn’t wrry.I’m fine.The miracle isn’t that I finished.The miracle is that I had the curage t start.
语篇解读　本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。
1.The writer presents the passage by his running stryB.explaining a life philsphyC.listing sme life rulesD.intrducing qutatins
解析　写作手法题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，本文开篇引用了一个名人的名言来呈现该话题，故选D。
2.It can be inferred frm Paragraph 2 that the writer sprts clthes and shes t attract attentinB.was cncerned abut what thers thught f herC.liked t be the fcus f ther runnersD.struggled t find the right shes t fit her
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，作者很胖的时候，跑步时总觉得别人在注视她，当有车靠近时，她总会停下来假装在找东西，后来还买了运动衣服以让人们觉得她是一个专业的跑步者，由此可知，作者很在乎别人对她的看法，故选B。
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二、三句“N ne was cheering fr me.N ne prbably even nticed that I was finishing.”可知，当作者在跑步时，没有人为她喝彩，快要跑完全程时，似乎也没有人注意到，故选C。
3.When the writer was near the finishing line， smiled at her wn achievementB.the crwd cheered fr her madlyC.nbdy really cared abut her runningD.she realized the imprtance f cnfidence
4.Nw the writer thught the reasn fr running is t up t thers expectatinsB.create a miracle in her wn lifeC.enjy the pleasure f runningD.run like n ne is watching
解析　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“S I decided I was ging t run fr me—just me—and gained a new enjyment frm the sprt I hadn’t truly experienced yet.”可知，我决定我应该为自己而奔跑，去享受运动给我带来的快乐，故选C。
5.By telling her wn stry，the writer wanted t us t live a life f ur wnB.inspire mre peple t runC.expect us t imprve ur health by runningD.stress the imprtance f determinatin
解析　写作意图题。本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。故选A。
B(2017·天津五校联考一模)In spite f sex discriminatin f keeping wmen dwn，new research finds anther aspect f wmen’s characters：girls are mre likely t talk abut schl successes than bys.Researchers frm Hanver Cllege and the University f Luisville came t this cnclusin.After all，girls are usually taught t be mdest，instead f bragging.
Basically，girls share mre because they believe that success in schl is gd and that they’ll be scially rewarded fr it.Girls think that talking abut their academic successes will build friendships.Bys seem t share less，because n average，they think it’s uncl t be gd at schl，and wuld prefer t becme the class clwn r smething even if they really are smart.Because the trend starts as early as mid-childhd，there’s a lng time fr these differences t affect mtivatin and actual schl perfrmance.
This trend cntinues all the way thrugh cllege.Girls tend t be better at self-regulatin than bys，which allws them t set academic gals，and achieve them.Girls find academic envirnments easier t cntrl while bys’ higher energy levels and impulsiveness(易冲动)cause behaviral prblems pssibly cntributing t the lwer grades.Sme aspects f the gender schling gap are trubling.Especially as success depends mre n educatinal attainment and qualificatins and less n physical strength，bys wh can’t r wn’t d schlwrk put themselves at a disadvantage fr life.On the ther hand，
there are new prblems fr adult females，thugh，and nrmal pride in girls turns int arrgance(傲慢) and bssy behavir in adult wmen.If wmen seem less prud f their accmplishments than they were as girls，it might just be a reasnable respnse t standards in the wrkplace.Wmen get wrse perfrmance reviews than men，like that yu’re “bssy” if yu’re ver cnfident etc.
I wuld suggest that yu channel yur inner schlgirl.In the wrkplace yu can’t stp bvius sex discriminatin n yur wn，but yu can learn t be prud f yur accmplishments in a mature way.Whether thers respnd prperly t that r nt，yu’ll feel better abut yurself at the end f the day.
语篇解读　研究表明女孩子比男孩子更容易谈论学业成就。
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“ are mre likely t talk abut schl successes than bys.”可知，女孩子比男孩子更有可能谈论在学校的种种成就，而且bragging与前面的mdest意义相反，不谦虚即为过度骄傲。故选A。
6.What des the underlined wrd “bragging” in the secnd paragraph refer t?A.Talking t prudly.B.Speaking highly mre attentin.D.Expressing dishnestly.
7.What can we knw abut girls?A.Girls dn’t like mentining their academic cnsider their successes are beneficial t their wuld like t act like a clwn in class t be really find it much harder t cntrl themselves than bys.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Girls think that talking abut their academic successes will build friendships.”可知，女孩子认为谈论学习上的成就可以建立友谊，故选B。
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“ pride in girls turns int arrgance(傲慢) and bssy behavir in adult wmen.”，即女孩子们正常的骄傲会转变为成年女性的傲慢，可知选C。
8.What can we learn frm Paragraph 5?A.Males’ success has n relatin t their educatinal ’ success relies n physical strength and less n ’ nrmal pride maybe has a bad effect n ’ pride easily makes them get better perfrmance reviews.
9.What is the authr’s suggestin t adult females?A.Listen t what ther schlgirls arund them are a nrmal attitude t their achievements in prud f their achievements as they were t feel better abut themselves at any place.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段首句“I wuld suggest that yu channel yur inner schlgirl.”可知，作者建议成年女性要有正确的心态，故选B。
10.What is the main idea f the passage?A.Sex discriminatin is nt gd fr attainment is nt t bys’ like t act as a class clwn leading t bad pay mre attentin t academic successes than bys.
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了女孩子无论在学校还是在工作上都比男孩子更容易谈论成就，故选D。
C(2016·南开区一模)D yu want t live with a strng sense f peacefulness，happiness，gdness，and self-respect？The cllectin f happiness actins bradly categrized as “hnr” helps yu create this life f gd feelings.Here’s an example t shw hw hnrable actins create happiness.Say a stre clerk fails t charge us fr an item.If we keep silent，and prfit frm the clerk’s mistake，we wuld drive hme with a sense f sneaky excitement.Later we might tell ur family r friends abut ur gd frtune.On the ther hand，if we tell the clerk abut the uncharged item，
the clerk wuld be grateful and thank us fr ur hnesty.We wuld leave the stre with a quiet sense f hnr that we might never share with anther sul.Then，what is it t d with ur sense f happiness?In the first case，where we dn’t tell the clerk，a cuple f things wuld happen.Deep dwn inside we wuld knw urselves as a type f thief.In the prcess，we wuld lse sme peace f mind and self-respect.We wuld als demnstrate that we cannt be trusted，since we advertise ur dishnr by telling ur family and friends.We damage ur wn reputatins by telling thers.In cntrast，bringing the errr t the clerk’s attentin causes different things t happen.Immediately the clerk knws us t be hnrable.
Upn leaving the stre，we feel hnrable and ur self-respect is increased.Whenever we take hnrable actin we gain the deep internal rewards f gdness and a sense f nbility. There is a beautiful psitive cycle that is created by living a life f hnrable actins.Hnrable thughts lead t hnrable actins.Hnrable actins lead us t a happier existence.And it’s easy t think and act hnrably again when we’re happy.While the psitive cycle can be difficult t start，nce it’s started，it’s easy t cntinue.Keeping n ding gd deeds brings us peace f mind，which is imprtant fr ur happiness.
语篇解读　本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。本文的中心思想为“快乐源自我们自身的善举”。
解析　细节理解题。第三段尾句“We wuld leave the stre with a quiet sense f hnr...”和第五段倒数第二句“Upn leaving the stre，we feel hnrable and ur self-respect is increased.”可知选A。
11.Accrding t the passage，the psitive actin in the example cntributes t ur B.financial rewardsC.advertising ability D.friendly relatinship
12.The authr thinks that keeping silent abut the uncharged item is equal t D.advertising
解析　细节理解题。由第五段第二句“Deep dwn inside we wuld knw urselves as a type f thief.”可知作者认为如果不说出实情，那就跟小偷没有区别。
解析　词义猜测题。由语境可知画线短语意为“提醒店员的失误”，故选A。
13.The phrase “bringing the errr t the clerk’s attentin” (in Para.5) means “ ” the truth t the clerkB.ffering advice t the clerkC.asking the clerk t be mre attentiveD.reminding the clerk f the charged item
解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段倒数第二、三句“Immediately the clerk knws us t be hnrable.Upn leaving the stre，we feel hnrable and ur self-respect is increased.”可知答案选C。
14.Hw will we feel if we let the clerk knw her mistake?A.We’ll be very ’ll feel ’ll have a sense f ’ll feel srry fr the clerk.
15.Which f the fllwing can be the best title f this passage?A.Hw t Live TruthfullyB.Imprtance f PeacefulnessC.Ways f Gaining Self-respectD.Happiness Thrugh Hnrable Actins
解析　标题归纳题。正如文章所述：快乐源自我们自身的善举，故D为最佳标题。
D(2017·南开区三模)Cnventinal wisdm is a majr barrier t innvatin(创新) that threatens the survival f cmpanies everywhere.It’s based n the assumptin that ld ideas will always wrk，s they shuldn’t be challenged.While this may be a valid assumptin in situatins that dn’t change，it’s unlikely t hld true in a changing situatin.In tday’s rapid changing glbal envirnment，ld methds ften dn’t wrk，and stubbrnly using them can lead t majr prblems.
Mst peple seem t agree with cnventinal wisdm because it gives ne a false sense f security.If everyne else believes it，then it must be true.Individuals wh use cnventinal wisdm are certain that they are right，and being right is gd.They want t cntinue using ld ideas rather than take risks with changes that might nt wrk.In 1977，Ken Olsen，c-funder and CEO f Digital Equipment Crpratin (DEC)，stated “There is n reasn fr any individual t have a cmputer in his hme”.Despite being a dminant leader in the cmputer industry，DEC n lnger exists.Peple seem t frget that since innvatin is a change，
there can be n innvatin withut change.Unfrtunately，cnventinal wisdm prevents leaders，fllwers and cmpanies frm changing and therefre innvating.If cmpanies dn’t innvate，but their cmpetitrs d，the future is likely t be prblematic.Breaking frm cnventinal wisdm has led t many f the mst innvative cmpanies and prducts in histry acrss many industries,s it has a pwerful effect n business success.Ted Turner (funder f CNN) knew little，if anything，abut the news business，but he knew it was incnvenient t watch news nly at the dinner hur，as was cmmn befre CNN.Turner’s slutin was t create a cable channel dedicated t news 24 hurs a day.The news establishment reflected
cnventinal wisdm at the time，and predicted his idea wuld fail because n ne wanted t watch the news all day.Hwever，it desn’t take a rcket scientist t understand that viewers dn’t have t watch the news all day fr the CNN t wrk.Viewers just have t watch when they want t get infrmatin.Due t cnventinal thinking，the critics failed t recgnize the pprtunity that was clear t Ted.They assumed that nly what was familiar t them culd wrk in the future.
Cnventinal wisdm prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，s uncnventinal leaders enthusiastically break frm it.T survive，thrive and maintain cmpetitive advantage，cmpanies must be flexible when reacting t change.
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了墨守成规是创新的主要障碍，它会威胁到一家企业的生存，同时指出勇于创新才是成功之道。
解析　观点态度题。全文字里行间都透着作者对墨守成规的批判，故选A。
16.The authr’s attitude t cnventinal wisdm is D.indifferent
17.DEC has disappeared prbably because cnsumers didn’t like its prductsB.the CEO stuck t the cnventinal ideasC.the leaders lacked the sense f securityD.the emplyees tk many risks with changes
解析　细节理解题。文章第二段提到“They want t cntinue using ld ideas rather than take risks with changes that might nt wrk.”然后举了DEC消失的例子，由此可知，DEC消失可能是由于它的领导墨守成规，不接受新的事物，故B项正确。
18.The funding f CNN is used as an example t prve pprtunities culd lead t failureB.changing culd cntribute t business successC.watching news at the dinner hur is cnvenientD.cnventinal wisdm influences business success
解析　推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，举CNN的例子是从正面说明改革可以促进一个企业的发展与成功，故选B。
19.What des the underlined part prbably mean in Paragraph 3?A.Rcket scientists can ensure the CNN wrks f the viewers dn’t like t watch the news at ’s necessary t understand when peple watch the ’s easy t knw peple needn’t watch the news all the time.
解析　句意理解题。结合上下文语境可知，此处表示“不难理解，要让CNN运转起来观众不必一整天都看新闻”，故选D。
20.The passage is mainly written t tell us that methds are changing with timeB.pprtunities lead t business successC.cnventinal wisdm limits innvatinD.successful cmpanies need wise leaders
解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句“Cnventinal wisdm is a majr barrier t innvatin(创新) that threatens the survival f cmpanies everywhere.”就指出了文章的主旨大意，故选C。