2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第一步

这是一份2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第一步，共37页。
[设问特点]1.考查事件、地点、人物和物品的具体细节；2.问题一般比较直白；3.答案常是原文的一句话或一个词，但可能变换了说法；4.有时以true，false或untrue，except等提问；5.错误选项往往明显与原文内容不符。
(一) 定位关键信息，拨云见日巧解 细节理解题
[常考问题]1.Which f the fllwing is NOT included/mentined in the passage?2.Which f the fllwing (statements) is NOT true accrding t the passage?3.Accrding t the passage，all f the fllwing are true EXCEPT authr mentins all f the fllwing EXCEPT the passage，the authr states that t the passage，when(where，why，hw，wh，etc.) the right rder f the events given in the f the fllwing maps/diagrams gives the right psitin
[解题技巧]1.速读题干抓“关键”，“跳读”文章锁信息，找准信息源是关键，即含有信息的那一段或那一句。2.正误判断题：题干原文静心觅。在解答时要带着原题回到原文中，看它们之间的吻合性。这类题目头绪繁杂，在解题时一定要避免急躁心理。3.数字计算题：“加减乘除”巧破解。弄清询问数据与原文数据的因果关系，必要时进行加减乘除或单位换算。4.Paraphrase是常用手法，即把原文的说法换一种说法。5.错误选项中的信息可能部分是正确的，但以偏概全；也可能根据常识正确但却与原文内容不符。
Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s StreDn’t frget t stp by Pacific Science Center’s Stre while yu are here t pick up a wnderful science activity r suvenir t remember yur visit.The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laser Dme.
[典例] (2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)
21.Where can yu buy a suvenir at Pacific Science Center?A.In Building Building the Laser the Denny Way entrance.解析　细节理解题。根据题干中的“buy a suvenir”可定位到文章第一部分。在太平洋科学中心商店(Pacific Science Center’s Stre)可以买纪念品，再根据该部分最后一句“The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3...”可知，该商店在三号楼，故选B项。
[设问特点]1.考查暗含的信息，文章没有直说。这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断)， learn abut(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，cnclude(推断)， indicate(暗示)等词语；2.在原文中一定能找到暗示；3.设问含义深刻，不像细节理解题那么直白；4.正确选项既符合逻辑，又与全文主旨一致；5.错误选项的特点是过于直白，歪曲事实或夸大其词。
(二) 理顺上下文语境，字斟句酌攻克 推理判断题
[常考问题]1.We can infer frm the passage that passage/authr implies/suggests that can be cncluded frm the passage that the passage we can tell writer suggests in the beginning that prbably happened in the end?7.The authr’s attitude that is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
[解题技巧]1.根据事实细节，合理推断信息。在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，进行判断 和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。做到判断有据，推论有理，忠 于原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。2.解题时应注意以下两点： (1)直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项； (2)推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找 到依据或理由。3.推理判断的主要方法：抓住关键词，结合全文，归纳演绎。归纳是具体到抽象， 个别到一般；演绎是一般到个别，抽象到具体。4.要依据原文推理判断，牢记是在原文中考查作者的想法，而不是考生本人的想法， 原文是唯一的判断依据。
[典例] (2017·全国Ⅲ，B片段)
Last week sme city fficials suggested the city might be interested in turning the ld theater int a museum and public meeting place.Hwever，these plans were abandned because f financial prblems.Bradfrd sld the building and land t a lcal develpment firm，which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.
26.What will prbably happen t the building?A.It will be will be turned int a will be kncked will be sld t the city gvernment.解析　推理判断题。根据本段最后一句可知，Bradfrd把楼和地卖给了当地的一家开发公司，这家公司打算在这个地方建一座购物中心，所以可以推断出，这个楼会被推倒拆除(be kncked dwn)。故选C项。
[设问特点]1.考查标题归纳、全文主旨或段落大意；2.正确选项概括范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确；3.错误选项的特点常常是概括范围太大、太窄或是偏离主题，主观臆断；4.常以main idea，best idea，subject，mainly discuss等词提问。
(三) 探寻主线或主题，高瞻远瞩锁定 主旨大意题
[常考问题]1.The best title fr this passage is passage (r the ) is mainly abut is the main idea/tpic/purpse/subject f the passage?4.The passage chiefly discusses/deals with passage mainly tells us that main idea f the prbably is ________.
[解题技巧]1.如原文有标题，则标题常反映主旨大意。2.如问段落大意，应注意首句和尾句。3.主旨信息常在fr example之前，all in all之后。4.若段首为疑问句，则回答即主题。5.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为 体现文章主旨的关键词。6.表示总结或结论的话常有therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude， cnclusin等。
[典例] (2017·全国Ⅱ，C)
Terrafugia Inc.said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight，bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transitin—has tw seats，fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car.The Transitin，which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth，culd reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air.On the grund，it gets 35 miles per galln.
Arund 100 peple have already put dwn a 10,000 depsit t get a Transitin when they g n sale，and thse numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia intrduces the Transitin t the public later this week at the New Yrk Aut Shw.But dn’t expect it t shw up in t many driveways.It’s expected t cst 279,000.And it wn’t help if yu’re stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.
Inventrs have been trying t make flying cars since the 1930s，accrding t Rbert Mann，an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has cme clser than anyne t making the flying car a reality.The gvernment has already permitted the cmpany t use special materials t make it easier fr the vehicle t fly.The Transitin is nw ging thrugh crash tests t make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviatin Administratin’s decisin five years ag t create a separate set f standards fr light sprt aircraft，which are lwer than thse fr pilts f larger planes.Terrafugia says an wner wuld need t pass a test and cmplete 20 hurs f flying time t be able t fly the Transitin，a requirement pilts wuld find relatively easy t meet.
31.What is the best title fr the text?A.Flying Car at Aut ShwB.The Transitin’s First FlightC.Pilts’ Dream Cming TrueD.Flying Car Clser t Reality解析　标题归纳题。本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。新闻报道的主题句通常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了“flying car”和“clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year”，由此可知，D项作标题最佳。
[设问特点]1.从原文中找单词、短语或句子设问；2.只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确；3.所考单词有的是生词，有的是熟词新义；4.正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理；5.错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意胡说；6.考查某些指示代词的具体指代。
(四) 洞察逻辑关系，顺藤摸瓜明辨 词义猜测题
[常考问题]1.The wrd/phrase “...” in the passage means wrd/phrase “...” culd be best replaced by f the fllwing is nearest/clsest in meaning t “...”？4.The wrd/phrase “...” prbably refers t t the passage，the wrd “...” is knwn as underlined wrd “...” in ________.
[解题技巧]1.利用构词法猜词 英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生 词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法。2.利用语境及逻辑关系猜词 利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释、定义 和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时要特别留心某些词语，如r，that is， in ther wrds，including，althugh，but，even if，n the ther hand， n the cntrary，ther than，rather than，mre than，instead f等。
3.利用同义解释猜词 同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用r，that is (t say)，in ther wrds，namely等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从 句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。4.利用常识及生活经验猜词 考生要运用非语言知识提示来提高分析能力，力图理解阅读中的生词， 以明确把握作者的意图。
[典例] (2017·全国Ⅰ，C片段)
Despite the celebratins，thugh，in the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder，and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz，Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz，make the music mre accessible，and preserve its histry and culture.
29.What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 3 refer t?A.Jazz becming mre prductin f jazz grwing being less ppular with the jazz audience becming larger.解析　代词指代题。画线词所在段上一段提到在美国爵士乐的听众数量正在减少，爵士乐未能受到年轻一代的欢迎，画线词所在段首句提到Jasn Mran的工作就是要帮助改变这一现象，由此可知that指代“爵士乐不受年轻人欢迎”这一现象。故选C项。
[设问特点]1.问题主要考查对文章结构的把握能力；2.考查对文章组织形式的判断；3.考查对文章基本架构的理解。
(五) 理清全文构架，画龙点睛勾勒 文章结构题
[常考问题]1.Hw is the text rganized?2.The authr develps the passage mainly by text is mainly develped in the rder f f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?5.The first paragraph serves as a(n) wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
[解题技巧]1.发挥整体感悟能力，做结构题也要了解全文的主题。2.判断文章体裁类型，是议论文、记叙文还是说明文。3.记叙文通常以时间、地点或故事情节发展(开端、发展、高潮、结局)等 为序进行写作。4.议论文总体上可以分为四类：第一类：“提出论点→分论点→分论点二 →分论点三……→结论”；第二类：“引入段→导出论点→分点论述→ 结论”；第三类：“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”；第四类： “提出反面观点→批驳反面观点→提出正面观点”。
5.说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式 进行写作。6.了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构 有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构 (段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是 一正一反)。
[典例] (2016·北京，D)
Why Cllege Is Nt HmeThe cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant grwth in autnmy(自主性) and the develpment f adult identity.Hwever，nw they are becming an extended perid f adlescence，during which many f tday’s students are nt shuldered with adult respnsibilities.
Fr previus generatins，cllege was a decisive break frm parental cntrl；guidance and supprt needed t cme frm peple f the same age and frm within.In the past tw decades，hwever，cntinued cnnectin with and dependence n family，thanks t cell phnes，email and scial media，have increased significantly.Sme parents g s far as t help with cursewrk.Instead f prmting the idea f cllege as a passage frm the shelter f the family t autnmy and adult respnsibility，universities have given in t the idea that they shuld prvide the same envirnment as that f the hme.
T prepare fr increased autnmy and respnsibility，cllege needs t be a time f explratin and experimentatin.This prcess invlves “trying n” new ways f thinking abut neself bth intellectually(在思维方面) and persnally.While we shuld prvide “safe spaces” within clleges，we must als make it safe t express pinins and challenge majrity views.Intellectual grwth and flexibility are fstered by strict debate and questining.
Learning t deal with the scial wrld is equally imprtant.Because a cllege cmmunity(群体) differs frm the family，many students will struggle t find a sense f belnging.If students rely n administratrs t regulate their scial behavir and thinking pattern，they are nt facing the challenge f finding an identity within a larger and cmplex cmmunity.Mrever，the tendency fr universities t mnitr and shape student behavir runs up against anther characteristic f yung adults：the respnse t being cntrlled by their elders.If acceptable scial behavir is t strictly defined(规定) and cntrlled，the insensitive r aggressive behavir that administratrs are seeking t minimize may actually be encuraged.
It is nt surprising that yung peple are likely t burst ut，particularly when there are reasns t d s.Our generatin nce jined hands and std firm at times f natinal emergency.What is lacking tday is the cnflict between adlescent’s desire fr autnmy and their understanding f an unsafe wrld.Therefre，there is the desire fr their drms t be replacement hmes and nt places t experience intellectual grwth.Every cllege discussin abut cmmunity values，scial climate and behavir shuld include recgnitin f the develpmental imprtance f student autnmy and self-regulatin，f the necessary tensin between safety and self-discvery.
70.Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in the passage?
I：Intrductin　P：Pint　Sp：Sub-pint(次要点) C：Cnclusin
解析　文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一、二段起到以目前大学教育现状导入的作用；第三段是第一个主要点(大学教育应该尝试新的方法培养学生在思维方面和个性方面的发展)；第四段是第二个主要点(培养学生的社会实践能力)；第五、六段是第二个主要点的次要点；第七段是结论(大学探讨应该包括意识到培养学生自主性、自我规范等方面的重要性)。