2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》04(含答案)

这是一份2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》04(含答案)，共13页。
阅读下面的短文，完成下列各题：
J. K. Rwling turned anther year lder this week. Brn Janne Rwling, J. K. Rwling is, f curse, her adpted pen name. Cncerned that yung bys might nt g fr a bk written by a wman, her publisher suggested she cme up with a pseudnym (笔名). S, upn cmbining her first initial with the initial f her paternal grandmther, Kathleen, the mniker J. K. Rwling was brn.
That's the interesting fact abut Rwling, apparently, and she can nly fl sme f the peple sme f the time.
Back in 2013, a crime nvel appeared n the shelves. It was entitled The Cuck's Calling, and it was written by Rbert Galbraith. Accrding t Galbraith's bi, he spent "several years with the Ryal Military Plice" and the leading character f his nvel, a fellw by the name f Crmran Strike, "grew directly ut f his wn experiences and thse f his military friends." Only, upn further review, he didn't! The bk was actually penned by J. K. Rwling, wh apparently wanted t try and sell a nvel based n cmplete craftsmanship rather than n her name.
Unfrtunately, hwever, the wife f a partner in the media firm in whm she placed her trust, shared the secret n the scial site. Rwling was angry and disappinted cncerning the betraying f trust.
I'm nt sure whether I wuld be terribly upset fr t lng, if I were her. Previus t her being knwn as the authr, Rwling saw her bk listed 4,709th n Amazn. After the big revelatin, her bk jumped all the way t N. 1!
Mre imprtantly, I think she gt what she wanted. The nvel has received nearly universal critical acclaim. Rwling passed her wn test with flying clrs. Clearly, she's pretty gd at her craft!
In any case, I persnally lk frward t reading her newest writing endeavr.
（1）Why was Janne Rwling advised t use a male pen name?
A.It was a cmmn practice.
B.Her grandmther didn't like her name.
C.The publisher wanted t give readers a surprise.
D.Wmen writers might nt be ppular with by readers.
（2）Why didn't J. K. Rwling publish her new bk under her name?
A.She thught her name was ut f date.
B.Readers didn't like her bks any lnger.
C.She intended t prve her writing ability.
D.She thught a new name culd make her mre ppular.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "acclaim" in Paragraph 6 mean?
A.Severe criticism.
B.Great respect.
C.High praise.
D.Much sympathy.
（4）What is the best title f the text?
A.The Secret Is Out
B.Her Dr Is Open
C.The Bk Is n Sale
D.Her Effrt Is in Vain
B

The Internet has led t a huge increase in credit card(信用卡) fraud. Yur card infrmatin culd even be fr sale in an illegal website(非法网站).
Websites ffering cheap gds and services shuld be regarded with care.
On-line shppers wh enter their credit card infrmatin may never receive the gds they thught they bught. The thieves then g shpping with yur card number—r sell the infrmatin ver the Internet. Cmputer hackers(黑客) have brken dwn security (安全)systems,raising questins abut the safety f cardhlder infrmatin. Several mnths ag,25, 000 custmers f CD Universe, an n-line music retailer(零售商), were nt lucky. Their names,addresses and credit card numbers were psted n a website after the retailer refused t pay US $157, 828 t get back the infrmatin.
Credit card firms are nw fighting against n-line fraud. Mastercard is wrking n plans fr Web-nly credit card, with a lwer credit limit. The card culd be used nly fr shpping n-line. Hwever, there are a few simple steps yu can take t keep frm being cheated (欺骗).
Ask abut yur credit card firm's n-line rules: Under British lawt cardhlders have t pay the first US $ 78 f any fraudulent(欺骗性的) spending.
And shp nly at secure sites; send yur credit card infrmatin nly if the website ffers advanced secure system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bttm right-hand crner f yur screen. The website address may als start https: //—the extra “s” stands fr secure. If in dubt, give yur credit card infrmatin ver the telephne.
Keep yur passwrd(密码) safe: Mst n-line sites require a user name and passwrd befre placing an rder. Treat yur passwrd with care.
（1）What d mst peple wrry abut the Internet accrding t this passage?
A.A lt f stlen credit cards were sld n the Internet.
B.Fraud n the Internet.
C.Many websites are destryed.
D.Many illegal websites are n the Internet.
（2）What is the meaning f “fraud”?
A.Cheating. B.Sale. C.Payment. D.Safety.
（3）Hw many pieces f advice des the passage give t yu?
A.Fur. B.Three. C.Five. D.Six.
（4）Yu are shpping n the site: http: // www. Shpping, cm, and yu want t buy a TV set, what des this article suggest t d?
A.Order the TV set at nce.
B.D nt buy the TV set n this site.
C.E-mail the site yur credit card infrmatin.
D.Tell the site yur passwrd and buy the TV set fr yu.
C

What is it that makes peple laugh? Mre than tw thusand years ag the ancient Greek philspher Aristtle defined (定义) jkes as the pleasure that results frm a feeling f triumph(胜利) by shwing we're better than smene else in a certain way. Accrding t Aristtle and many ther philsphers,all jkes depend mainly n shwing inferirity in anther persn r grup f persns—that is,putting it clearly,n shwing that they are wrse ff than urselves. Jkes raise ur gd pinin f urselves at smene else's expense.
Shwing hw much better than ther peple we are is nly ne reasn we like jkes. Smene may als use a jke t express their anger r their cruelty r any ther kind f actin that is nt acceptable t us. We feel free t laugh when we hear abut smene sliding n a banana skin. The jke lets us express thse attitudes which are usually unacceptable t sciety. This is prbably the reasn why sme f the jkes,especially thse invlving cruelty,are s ppular with certain peple.
Besides,all jkes depend n ur enjyment f laughing at smething that is strange and ut f place because it's different frm things which are happening arund it. The same situatin can be either sad r pleasant,depending entirely n hw strange and ut f place it is. If a girl in a bathing suit falls int a swimming pl,we dn't laugh because nthing unusual has happened. But if a man in a smart suit falls in,the situatin is at nce unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh. A gd jke-teller will always try t build up a situatin in which ne thing is expected until smething unexpected suddenly happens,and s we laugh.
（1）Accrding t Aristtle,all jkes depend mainly n ________.
A.shwing inferirity in anther persn r grup
B.resulting in a sense f success
C.having a gd pinin f ther peple
D.making peple laugh unexpectedly
（2）The underlined wrd “inferirity”(in Paragraph 1) means ________.
A.smething that is nt as gd as smething else
B.smething that is better than smething else
C.smene that is nt as gd as smene else
D.smene that is better than smene else
（3）What's the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A.Shwing we are better than ther peple is the nly ne reasn we like jkes.
B.When peple are angry,they wuld like t hear jkes.
C.Peple wh like jkes are usually cruel.
D.T express thse attitudes usually unacceptable t sciety is ne f the reasns we like jkes.
（4）What will a gd jke teller always try t d?
D
阅读下面的短文，完成下列各题：
Many Canadians are aware that prblems with the natin's health care system have resulted in a lack f hspital beds and medical equipment, vercrwded emergency rms, lng waiting lists, and nt enugh family dctrs.
Over the last 10 years, the number f medical students chsing the family practice as their lifelng career has been drpping at a surprising rate. When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite (援引) a heavy student debt lad and the lng hurs required f a dctr wh is managing the family practice. As in ther kinds f wrk, yung dctrs tday want a balance between their prfessinal and persnal lives.
In British Clumbia (BC) this prblem is made wrse because the prvince prduces fewer medical graduates fr each persn than any ther prvince in Canada. The prvincial gvernment has cmmitted itself t dubling the number f medical student graduates. This strategy desn't cme clse t giving us the new dctrs needed each year in BC t replace thse wh are retiring, mving ut f the prvince, reducing their hurs f practice, r dying.
The primary care system is shwing its cracks. Ten years ag, 2,030 f BC's family dctrs were prviding bstetrical (产科的) care. Tday just 945 are perfrming this invaluable service. Althugh delivering babies is a “gd news” area f medicine, the hurs are lng, but the reward fr bringing new life int the wrld is mdest. It's n surprise, then, that many f BC's family dctrs are n lnger taking n new patients. In 1999, there were 1,420 family dctrs accepting new patients—in 2004 that number declined t 599, a drp f 58%.
The fundatin f primary care needs t be strengthened. The Wrking Agreement between the dctrs and the gvernment includes a series f primary care renewal prjects designed t make the family practice mre attractive t medical graduates, imprve upn wrking cnditins, and entice family dctrs frm utside BC t start their business here. Yet still mre needs t be dne.
（1）What makes medical students unwilling t be family physicians?
A．The student debt and lng wrking hurs.
B．Lng term f study at a medical schl.
C．A limited number f places in the medical schl.
D．An increasing number f patients and lng waiting lists fr specialists.
（2）What des the text say abut family dctrs in BC?
A．They are n lnger needed.
B．They are t few in number.
C．They will sn becme abundant.
D．They are rapidly leaving the prvince.
（3）Which can replace the underlined wrd “entice” in the last paragraph?
A．frbid B．hire C．remind D．attract
（4）What is the primary purpse f the text?
A．T shw sympathy fr family dctrs.
B．T inspire yung peple t be family dctrs.
C．T stress the urgent need f mre family dctrs.
D．T tell the disadvantages f being family dctrs.
E

What makes a gift special? Is it the price yu see n the gift receipt? Or is it the lk n the recipient’s face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is wrth the mst?
This Christmas I was debating what t give my father.My dad is a hard persn t buy fr because he never wants anything.I pulled ut my phne t read a text message frm my mm saying that we were leaving fr Christmas shpping fr him when I came acrss a message n my phne that I had lcked.The message was frm my father.My eyes fell n a pht f a flwer taken in Wyming,and underneath a pem by William Blake.The flwer,a lne dandelin standing against the bright blue sky,inspired me.My dad had been reciting thse wrds t me since I was a kid.That may even be the reasn why I lve writing.I decided that thse wrds wuld be my gift t my father.
I called back.I tld my mm t g withut me and that I already created my gift.I sent the pht f the cream-clred flwer t my cmputer and typed the pem n tp f it.As I was arranging the details anther pem came t mind.The pem was written by Edgar Allan Pe;my dad recited it as much as he did the ther.I typed that ut as well and searched nline fr a backgrund t the wrds f it.The pem was fcused arund dreaming,and after searching I fund the perfect picture.The image was painted with blues and greens and purples,twisting tgether t create the theme and wnder f a dream.As I watched bth pems passing thrugh the printer,the white paper clring with wrds that shaped my childhd,I felt that this was a gift that my father wuld truly appreciate.
Christmas sn arrived.The minute I saw the lk n my dad’s face as he unwrapped thse swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame,I knew I had given the perfect gift.
（1）The idea fr a special gift began t frm when the authr was .
A.ding shpping
B.having a debate
C.reading a message
D.leaving fr Wyming
（2）The authr’s inspiratin fr the gift came frm .
A.a pht f a flwer
B.a stry abut a kid
C.a call frm the mther
D.a text abut Christmas
（3）The underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 3 refers t a pem by .
A.the father B.the authr C.William Blake D.Edgar Allan Pe
（4）The authr made the gift by .
A.searching fr the pems nline
B.drawing the backgrund by hand
C.painting the letters in three clrs
D.matching the wrds with pictures
（5）What is the main purpse f the passage?
A.T shw hw t design images fr gifts.
B.T suggest making gifts frm ne’s heart.
C.T explain hw cmputers help create gifts.
D.T describe the gifts the authr has received.
F

On ne f her trips t New Yrk several years ag,Eudra Welty decided t take a cuple f New Yrk friends ut t dinner.They settled in at a cmfrtable East Side cafe and within minutes,anther custmer was appraching their table.
“Hey,aren’t yu frm Mississippi?”the elegant,white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I’m frm Mississippi t.”
Withut a secnd thught,the wman jined the Welty party.When her dinner partner shwed up,she als pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news f Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didn’t knw what my New Yrk friends were thinking.”
Taxis n a rainy New Yrk night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the grup gt up t leave,it was puring utside.Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter t find a cab.Heading back dwntwn tward her htel,her big-city friends were amazed at the turn f events that had changed their Big Apple dinner int a Mississippi state reunin(团聚).
“My friend said:‘Nw we believe yur stries,’”Welty added.“And I said:‘Nw yu knw.These are the peple that make me write them.’”
Sitting n a sfa in her rm,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,lked pleased with this explanatin.
“I dn’t make them up,”she said f the characters in her fictin these last 50 r s years.“I dn’t have t.”
Beauticians,bartenders,pian players and peple with purple hats,Welty’s peple cme frm afternns spent visiting with ld friends,frm walks thrugh the streets f her native Jacksn,Miss,frm cnversatins verheard n a bus.It annys Welty that,at 78,her left ear has nw given ut.Smetimes,
sitting n a bus r a train,she hears nly a fragment(片段)f a particularly interesting stry.
（1）What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A.Tw strangers jined her.
B.Her childhd friends came in.
C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D.Sme peple held a party there.
（2）The underlined wrd“them”in Paragraph 6 refers t Welty’s .
A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stries
（3）What can we learn abut the characters in Welty’s fictin?
A.They live in big cities.
B.They are mstly wmen.
C.They cme frm real life.
D.They are pleasure seekers.
G

When a driver slams n the brakes t avid hitting a pedestrian crssing the rad illegally, she is making a mral decisin that shifts risk frm the pedestrian t the peple in the car Self-driving cars might sn have t make such ethical (道德的)judgments n their wn — but settling n a universal mral cde fr the vehicles culd be a tugh task, suggests a survey
The largest ever survey f machine ethics, called the Mral Machine, laid ut 13 pssible situatins in which smene’s death was unavidable Respndents were asked t chse wh t spare in situatins that invlved a mix f variables: yung r ld, rich r pr, mre peple r fewer Within 18 mnths, the nline quiz had recrded 40 millin decisins made by peple frm 233 cuntries and territries
When the researchers analysed these answers, they fund that the natins culd be divided int three grups One cntains Nrth America and several Eurpean natins where Christianity has been the dminant (占支配地位的)religin; anther includes cuntries such as Japan, Indnesia and Pakistan, with strng Cnfucian r Islamic traditins A third grup cnsists f cuntries in Central and Suth America, such as Clmbia and Brazil The first grup shwed a strnger preference fr sacrificing lder lives t save yunger nes than did the secnd grup, fr example
The researchers als identified relatinships between scial and ecnmic factrs in a cuntry They fund that peple frm relatively wealthy cuntries with strng institutins, such as Finland and Japan, mre ften chse t hit peple wh stepped int traffic illegally than did respndents in natins with weaker institutins, such as Nigeria r Pakistan
Peple rarely face such mral dilemmas, and sme cities questin whether the pssible situatins psed in the nline quiz are relevant t the ethical and practical questins surrunding driverless cars But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that gvernments and makers f self-driving cars must take int accunt if they want the vehicles t gain public acceptance
At least Barbara Wege, wh heads a grup wrking n autnmus-vehicle ethics at Audi in Inglstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable Wege argues that self-driving cars wuld cause fewer accidents, prprtinally, than human drivers d each year—but that peple might fcus mre n events invlving rbts
Surveys such as the Mral Machine can help t begin public discussins abut these unavidable accidents that might develp trust “We need t cme up with a scial cnsensus,” she says, “abut which risks we are willing t take”
（1）Why is it difficult t set universal mral rules fr prgramming self-driving cars?
A．Scial values always change with the times
B．Mral chices vary between different cultures
C．Drivers have a preference fr sacrificing the weak
D．Car makers are faced with decisins f life r death
（3）The researchers cnducted the study by_____
A．using a massive nline quiz wrldwide
B．cmparing different cultures and custms
C．dividing the respndents int three grups
D．perfrming a series f cntrlled experiments
（3）Accrding t the study, in which cuntry are drivers mre likely t hit a pedestrian crssing the rad illegally?
A．Nigeria B．Clmbia C．Finland D．Indnesia
（4）Barbara Wege wuld prbably agree that _____
A．Self-driving cars will greatly imprve the traffic envirnment
B．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive mre attentin
C．Prblems invlving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in sciety
D．Car makers needn’t take the risk f slving self-driving car ethical dilemmas
H
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Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
（1）What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favrable climate.
（2）What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
（3）What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
（4）What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
\s 0 参考答案
答案为：D；C；C；A；
解析：根据第一段第三句"Cncerned that yung bys might nt g fr a bk written by a wman, her publisher suggested she cme up with a pseudnym (笔名)"可知，女性作者可能不大受男性读者喜欢，因此Rwling用笔名写书，故选D。
根据第三段最后一句"The bk was actually penned by J. K. Rwling, wh apparently wanted t try and sell a nvel based n cmplete craftsmanship rather than n her name"可推知，J. K. Rwling出版新书时没有用自己的名字是想验证自己的写作能力，故选C。
根据倒数第二段最后两句"Rwling passed her wn test with flying clrs. Clearly, she's pretty gd at her craft!"可推知，J. K. Rwling的书大获成功，收到了广泛的赞誉，故选C。
结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了著名作家J. K. Rwling用其他名字写书这一秘密暴露一事，故选A。
答案及解析：
答案：（1）B; （2）A; （3）A; （4）B
解析：
（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句(因特网已导致信用卡欺骗行为大量增加)可推知此题答案为B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句(你的卡上资料可能会在非法网站出忾)和第四段最后一句(然而,可采用下列步骤防止受欺骗.)可推知此题答案为A。
（3）细节现解题。根据对文章第五、六、七、八段的归纳可推知此题的答案为A。
（4）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的说明:安全的网址应在电脑的右下角有一个小字母,或在网址中有一个字母“s”,而题干中的网址中没查字母“s”,从而可推知此题答案为B。

答案及解析：
答案：（1）A; （2）A; （3）D; （4）C
解析：本文探讨了笑话。
（1）A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Accrding t Aristtle and many ther philsphers, all jkes depend mainly n shwing inferirity in anther persn r grup f persns...可知,笑话是依赖于展示出另外一个人或群体的自卑。
（2）A词义猜测题。根据破折号后的“that is,putting it clearly,n shwing that they are wrse ff than urselves.”可知,inferirity与wrse ff是同义词,故答案为A项。
（3）D段落大意题。利用笑话表达别人不喜欢接受的态度是较好的方式,因此这也是我们喜欢笑话的原因之一。
（4）C 细节理解题。根据短文的最后一句“A gd jke-teller will always try t build up a situatin in which ne thing is expected until smething unexpected suddenly happens,and s we laugh.”可知,C项正确。
答案为：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite (援引) a heavy student debt lad and the lng hurs required f a dctr wh is managing the family practice.”可知，学生债务负担和工作时间长成为阻碍医科学生选择成为家庭医生的两大障碍，故选A。
B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Ten years ag, 2,030 f BC's family dctrs were prviding bstetrical (产科的) care. Tday just 945 are perfrming this invaluable service.”，并结合本段最后一句“In 1999, there were 1,420 family dctrs accepting new patients—in 2004 that number declined t 599, a drp f 58%.”可知，在不列颠哥伦比亚(BC)，家庭医生的数量在急剧下降，缺口很大，故选B。
D 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的关键词“attractive”和“imprve”可推知，画线词在此处的含义与D项“吸引”相近，故选D。
C 推理判断题。根据第一段的点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题，故选C。
【参考答案】
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者为父亲制作了一份特殊的圣诞礼物的故事。一份礼物的重要性不在于它是否值钱,而在于其是否是用心做出来的。
（1）【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章第二段The message was frm my father.My eyes fell n a pht f a flwer taken in Wyming,and underneath a pem by William Blake.及本段最后一句I decided that thse wrds wuld be my gift t my father.可知作者决定做一份特殊的圣诞礼物的想法来自于一条短信息。
（2）【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文章第二段中The flwer,a lne dandelin standing against the bright blue sky,inspired me.一句可知作者的灵感来自于短信息中的一幅花的图片。
（3）【解析】选D。词义猜测题。it此处代指前文提到的一首Edgar Allan Pe的诗。
（4）【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中I sent the pht f the cream-clred flwer t my cmputer and typed the pem n tp f it.一句可知,作者给他父亲的礼物是以文字配图片背景构成的。
（5）【解析】选B 。主旨大意题。作者通过讲述为父亲制作一份特殊的圣诞礼物来告诉我们真正好的礼物是用心做出来的。
【长难句分析】The minute I saw the lk n my dad’s face as he unwrapped thse swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame,I knew I had given the perfect gift.
分析：本句是一个复合句。句子的主句是I knew I had given the perfect gift.。the minute引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,句中as同样引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。
译文：当父亲打开被认真放在便宜的包装里的盘旋排列的词语的时候,我一看他脸上的表情就知道这个礼物很完美。
【参考答案】
【文章大意】开始介绍了女作家尤多拉·韦尔蒂的一次纽约之旅,然后由此引出她是怎样从现实生活中搜集写作素材的。
（1）【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据前三段的内容可知,当Welty和她的朋友在咖啡馆时,一个陌生女人和她的同伴加入进来。故选A。
（2）【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据them所在的这一段的内容可知,朋友说Nw we believe yur stries;These are the peple that make me write them.这句话表明Welty指是这些人让她写这些故事。故选D。
（3）【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作家韦尔蒂的小说中的人物都来自现实生活。故选C。
【参考答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）C；（4）B；
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了当一名司机猛踩刹车以避免撞到非法穿越马路的行人时，她是在做一个道德上的决定，将风险从行人转移到车内的人。自动驾驶汽车可能很快就不得不做出这样的道德的判断了。
（1）B推理判断题。根据题目定位到第一段but settling n a universal mral cde fr the vehicles culd be a tugh task,suggests a survey 看到下一段讲了这个survey，第三段揭示了研究结果：natins culd be divided int three grups，第四段als identified …in a cuntry，通过natins，cuntry可知实验结果按照不同国家划分，可见是文化差异different cultures，故选B。
（2）A细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二行nline quiz可知A正确；B选项作者只是展示不同文化的mral chices，未提及比较；C选项根据第三段开头analyzed these answers, they fund that natins culd be divided int three grups说明divided是研究结果得出的，而非cnduct the study使用的方法；D选项文章未提及experiment，research是通过analyzed these answers得出的，故选A。
（3）C细节理解题。根据题目定位到第四段第三行Finland and Japan, mre ften chse t hit peple wh stepped int traffic illegally可知根据这项研究，芬兰的司机更有可能撞上非法穿越马路的行人，故选C。
（4）B细节理解题。根据人名定位到最后两段，最后一段Surveys…can help t begin public discussins abut these unavidable accidents可知Barbara Wege可能会同意无人驾驶汽车引发的事故可能会受到更多关注，B正确；A选项倒数第二段只提到cause fewer accidents, prprtinally不等于greatlyimprve；C选项最后一段that might develp trust可知C错误；D选项car makers needn’t take risk文章完全没有提及，故选B。
【参考答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）B；（4）A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawsn这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人们离开Dawsn的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。
（4）主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。