2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》11(含答案)

这是一份2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》11(含答案)，共12页。试卷主要包含了5 weeks C等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A

T take the apple as a frbidden fruit is the mst unlikely stry the Christians(基督教徒)have ever cked up. Fr them,the frbidden fruit frm Eden is evil(邪恶的). S when Clumbus brught the tmat back frm Suth America,a land mistakenly cnsidered t be Eden,everyne jumped t the bvius cnclusin. Wrngly taken as the apple f Eden,the tmat was shut ut f the dr f Eurpeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity t the mandrake,a plant that was thught t have cme frm Hell(地狱). What earned the plant its awful reputatin was its rts which lked like a dried-up human bdy ccupied by evil spirits. Thugh the tmat and the mandrake were quite different except that bth had bright red r yellw fruit,the general ppulatin cnsidered them ne and the same,t terrible t tuch.
Cautius Eurpeans lng ignred the tmat,and until the early 1700s mst f the Western peple cntinued t drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter f a well-knwn plant expert wrte that the mst interesting part f an afternn tea at her father’s huse had been the“intrductin f this wnderful new fruit—r is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century sme writers still classed tmates with mandrakes as an“evil fruit”.
But in the end tmates carried the day. The her f the tmat was an American named Rbert Jhnsn,and when he was publicly ging t eat the tmat in 1820,peple jurneyed fr hundreds f miles t watch him drp dead.“What are yu afraid f?”he shuted.“I’ll shw yu fls that these things are gd t eat!”Then he bit int the tmat. Sme peple fainted. But he survived and,accrding t a lcal stry,set up a tmat-canning factry.
（1）The tmat was shut ut f the dr f early Eurpeans mainly because .
A.it made Christians evil
B.it was the apple f Eden
C.it came frm a frbidden land
D.it was religiusly unacceptable
（2）What can we infer frm the underlined part in Paragraph 3?
A.The prcess f ignring the tmat slwed dwn.
B.There was little prgress in the study f the tmat.
C.The tmat was still refused in mst western cuntries.
D.Mst western peple cntinued t get rid f the tmat.
（3）What is the main reasn fr Rbert Jhnsn t eat the tmat publicly?
A.T make himself a her.
B.T remve peple’s fear f the tmat.
C.T speed up the ppularity f the tmat.
D.T persuade peple t buy prducts frm his factry.
（4）What is the main purpse f the passage?
A.T challenge peple’s fixed cncepts f the tmat.
B.T give an explanatin t peple’s dislike f the tmat.
C.T present the change f peple’s attitudes t the tmat.
D.T shw the prcess f freeing the tmat frm religius influence.
B
阅读下面的短文，完成下列各题：
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number(中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
（1）What can we infer abut languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They develped very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns
D.They were clsely cnnected.
（2）Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Cmplex
B.Advanced
C.Pwerful
D.Mdern.
（3）Hw many languages are spken by less than 6,000 peple at present?
A.Abut 6,800
B.Abut 3,400
C.Abut 2,400
D.Abut 1,200
（4）What is the main idea f the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.Peple's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human develpment results in fewer languages.
D.Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
C

Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third-generatin native f Brwnsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never planned t mve away.Even when her daughter and sn asked her t mve t San Antni t help with their children,she plitely refused.Only after a year f friendly discussin did Ms Garza finally say yes.That was fur years ag.Tday all three generatins regard the mve as a success,giving them a clser relatinship than they wuld have had in separate cities.
N statistics shw the number f grandparents like Garza wh are mving clser t adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is grwing.Even President Obama’s mther-in-law,Marian Rbinsn,has agreed t leave Chicag and mve int the White Huse t help care fr her granddaughters.Accrding t a study by grandparents.cm,83 percent f the peple said Mrs Rbinsn’s decisin will influence grandparents in the American family.Tw-thirds believe mre families will fllw the example f Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and culdn’t get away frm hme far enugh r fast enugh t prve we culd d it n ur wn,”says Christine Crsby,publisher fGrand,a magazine fr grandparents.“We nw realize hw imprtant family is and hw imprtant it is t be near them,especially when yu’re raising children.”
Mving is nt fr everyne.Almst every grandparent wants t be with his r her grandchildren and is willing t make sacrifices,but smetimes it is wiser t say n and visit frequently instead.Having yur grandchildren far away is hard,especially knwing yur adult child is struggling,but giving up the life yu knw may be harder.
（1）Why was Garza’s mve a success?
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It imprved her living cnditins.
C.It enabled her t make mre friends.
D.It helped her knw mre new places.
（2）What was the reactin f the public t Mrs Rbinsn’s decisin?
A.17% expressed their supprt fr it.
B.Few peple respnded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majrity thught it was a trend.
（3）What did Crsby say abut peple in the 1960s?
A.They were unsure f themselves.
B.They were eager t raise mre children.
C.They wanted t live away frm their parents.
D.They had little respect fr their grandparents.
（4）What des the authr suggest the grandparents d in the last paragraph?
A.Make decisins in the best interests f their wn.
B.Ask their children t pay mre visits t them.
C.Sacrifice fr their struggling children.
D.Get t knw themselves better.
D
阅读下面的短文，完成下列各题：
Mst damagingly,anger weakens a persn’s ability t think clearly and keep cntrl ver his behaviur.The angry persn lses bjectivity in evaluating the emtinal significance f the persn r situatin that aruses his anger.
Nt everyne experience anger in the same way;what angers ne persn may amuse anther.The specific expressin f anger als differs frm persn t persn based n bilgical and cultural frces.In cntemprary culture,physical expressins f anger are generally cnsidered t scially harmful t be tlerated.We n lnger regard duels(决斗)as an apprpriate expressin f anger resulting frm ne persn’s awareness f insulting behaviur n the part f anther.
Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under mst cnditins,EEG(脑电图)measures f electrical activity shw balanced activity between the right and left prefrntal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviurally this crrespnds t the general even-handed dispsitin(意向)that mst f us pssess mst f the time.But when we are angry the EEG f the right and left prefrntal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result f this,we’re likely t react.And ur behaviural respnse t anger is different frm ur respnse t ther emtins,whether psitive r negative.
Mst psitive emtins are assciated with apprach behaviur:we mve clser t peple we like.Mst negative emtins,in cntrast,are assciated with avidance behaviur:we mve away frm peple and things that we dislike r that make us anxius.But anger is an exceptin t this pattern.The angrier we are,the mre likely we are t mve twards the bject f ur anger.This crrespnds t what psychlgists refer t as ffensive anger:the angry persn mves clser in rder t influence and cntrl the persn r situatin causing his anger.This apprach-and-cnfrnt behaviur is accmpanied by a leftward prefrntal asymmetry(不对称)f EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry persn can experience empathy(同感)twards the individual wh is bringing frth the angry respnse.In defensive anger,in cntrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed t the right and the angry persn feels helpless in the face f the anger-inspiring situatin.
（1）The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 prves that the expressin f anger______.
A.usually has a bilgical basis
B.varies amng peple
C.is scially and culturally shaped
D.influences ne’s thinking and evaluatin
（2）What changes can be fund in an angry brain?
A.Balanced electrical activity can be sptted.
B.Unbalanced patterns are fund in prefrntal areas.
C.Electrical activity crrespnds t ne’s behaviur.
D.Electrical activity agrees with ne’s dispsitin.
（3）Which f the fllwing is typical f ffensive anger?
A.Appraching the surce f anger.
B.Trying t cntrl what is disliked.
C.Mving away frm what is disliked.
D.Feeling helpless in the face f anger.
（4）What is the key message f the last paragraph?
A.Hw anger differs frm ther emtins.
B.Hw anger relates t ther emtins.
C.Behaviural respnses t anger.
D.Behaviural patterns f anger.
E

Hlidays are really imprtant. Many f us will have childhd memries f summer hlidays where we were taken away frm hme t experience new envirnments and learn in different ways.
But hlidays are expensive and, fr thse n lw wages r living n benefits, they are ften unbtainable. Even the cheapest hlidays require travel and ther additinal csts that are difficult fr many families t meet.
Fr wrking parents, the lng summer break can be a very difficult prblem fr childcare. When an annual leave allwance amunts t nly five weeks, there is a need t spread this acrss the year. Cuples can find themselves taking leave in turn in rder t care fr children wh are n hliday. Fr sme, this makes even an affrdable family hliday difficult.
The schls that I visit in Nttingham are full f experienced staff cmmitted t giving ur children a caring and inspiring learning envirnment. The number f children receiving free schl meals is quite large in Nttingham and many schls have breakfast clubs t make sure that children get a healthy start t the day. Mst schls undertake prgrams f grup r individual educatinal supprt. Schls als have an imprtant rle in safeguarding children’s welfare thrugh the nging tuch and supprt with their pupils. During the lng summer hlidays, much f this is missed.
While teachers are hlidaying in the UK, many f their pupils spend the whle six weeks n the street where they live. The lack f free schl meals fr six weeks can result in pressure n a family budget and an inability t affrd the inspiring experiences that help children t cntinue their learning.
In setting ut its plans fr a five-term year, Nttingham City Cuncil(委员会) is seeking t reduce the summer hliday dwn t fur and a half weeks, with a mre balanced five terms f rughly eight weeks, each fllwed by a tw-week break. We believe this will give real“dwn time” fr schl staff and pupils alike but will be shrt enugh nt t cause a real break in learning.
We acknwledge that this change may be difficult fr sme schl staff, particularly whse wn children are educated in ther authrities. Hwever, this must be weighed against the benefits fr city children fr whm we all have the greatest duty f care.
（1）The passage is prbably written by .
A.an experienced teacher
B.a wrking parent
C.an inspired student
D.a city cuncil member
（2）The underlined wrd “they” in the secnd paragraph refers t“ ”.
A.envirnments B.hlidays C.wages D.benefits
（3）It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced t .
A.2 weeks B.4.5 weeks C.5 weeks D.6 weeks
（4）The plans fr a shrter summer hliday will help students .
A.btain the cheapest hlidays withut additinal csts
B.get a chance t spend six weeks a term with teachers in schl
C.benefit mre frm the caring and inspiring learning envirnment
D.have mre schl days t receive free schl meals
（5）It can be inferred frm the passage that .
A.wrking parents can enjy a five-week break t care fr their children
B.the suggested plans fr a five-term schl year can hardly be carried ut
C.the lng summer hliday gives teachers and students real “dwn time”
D.sme schl staff will say “N” t the plans fr a shrter summer hliday
F

Wrking with a grup f babns(狒狒)in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter f the Department f Zlgy, Cambridge University set babns learning tasks invlving a nvel fd and a familiar fd hidden in a bx.Sme babns were given the chance t watch anther babn wh already knew hw t slve the task, while thers had t learn fr themselves.T wrk ut hw brave r anxius the babns were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a nvel fd r a threat in the frm f a mdel f a pisnus snake.
She fund that persnality had a majr impact n learning.The braver babns learnt, but the shy nes did nt learn the task althugh they watched the babn perfrm the task f finding the nvel fd just as lng as the brave nes did.In effect, despite being made aware f what t d, they were still t shy t d what the experienced babn did.
The same held true fr anxius babns cmpared with calm nes.The anxius individuals learnt the task by bserving thers while thse wh were relaxed did nt, even thugh they spent mre time watching.
This mismatch between cllecting scial infrmatin and using it shws that persnality plays a key rle in scial learning in animals,smething that has previusly been ignred in studies n hw animals learn t d things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perfrm prly in cgnitive(认知的)tasks nt because they aren’t clever enugh t slve them,but because they are t shy r nervus t use the scial infrmatin.
The findings may impact hw we understand the frmatin f culture in scieties thrugh scial learning.If sme individuals are unable t get infrmatin frm thers because they dn’t assciate with the knwledgeable individuals,r they are t shy t use the infrmatin nce they have it,infrmatin may nt travel between all grup members,preventing the frmatin f a culture based n scial learning.
（1）What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A.The design f Dr.Carter’s research.
B.The results f Dr.Carter’s research.
C.The purpse f Dr.Carter’s research.
D.The significance f Dr.Carter’s research.
（2）Accrding t the research,which babns are mre likely t cmplete a new learning task?
A.Thse that have mre experience.
B.Thse that can avid ptential risks.
C.Thse that like t wrk independently.
D.Thse that feel anxius abut learning.
（3）Which best illustrates the“mismatch”mentined in Paragraph 4?
A.Sme babns are intelligent but slw in learning.
B.Sme babns are shy but active in scial activities.
C.Sme babns bserve thers but dn’t fllw them.
D.Sme babns perfrm new tasks but dn’t cncentrate.
（4）Dr.Carter’s findings indicate that ur culture might be frmed thrugh .
A.string infrmatin
B.learning frm each ther
C.understanding different peple
D.travelling between scial grups
G

The behaviur f a building’s users may be at least as imprtant as its design when it cmes t energy use,accrding t new research frm the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC).The UK prmises t reduce its carbn emissins(排放)by 80 percent by 2050,part f which will be achieved by all new hmes being zer-carbn by 2016.But this reprt shws that sustainable building design n its wn—thugh extremely imprtant—is nt enugh t achieve such reductins:the behaviur f the peple using the building has t change t.
The study suggests that the ways that peple use and live in their hmes have been largely ignred by existing effrts t imprve energy efficiency(效率),which instead fcus n architectural and technlgical develpments.
‘Technlgy is ging t assist but it is nt ging t d everything,’explains Katy Janda,a UKERC senir researcher,‘cnsumptin patterns f building users can defeat the mst careful design.’In ther wrds,ld habits die hard,even in the best-designed ec-hme.
Anther part f the prblem is infrmatin.Husehlds and bill-payers dn’t have the knwledge they need t change their energy-use habits.Withut specific infrmatin,it’s hard t estimate the csts and benefits f making different chices.Feedback(反馈)facilities,like smart meters and energy mnitrs,culd help bridge this infrmatin gap by helping peple see hw changing their behaviur directly affects their energy use;sme studies have shwn that husehlds can achieve up t 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
Scial science research has added a further dimensin(方面),suggesting that individuals’behaviur in the hme can be persnal and cannt be predicted—whether peple thrw pen their windws rather than turn dwn the thermstat(恒温器),fr example.
Janda argues that educatin is the key.She calls fr a fcused prgramme t teach peple abut buildings and their wn behaviur in them.
（1）As t energy use,the new research frm UKERC stresses the imprtance f .
A.zer-carbn hmes
B.the behaviur f building users
C.sustainable building design
D.the reductin f carbn emissins
（2）The underlined wrd“which”in Paragraph 2 refers t“ ”.
A.the ways B.their hmes C.develpments D.existing effrts
（3）What are Katy Janda’s wrds mainly abut?
A.The imprtance f changing building users’habits.
B.The necessity f making a careful building design.
C.The variety f cnsumptin patterns f building users.
D.The rle f technlgy in imprving energy efficiency.
（4）The infrmatin gap in energy use .
A.can be bridged by feedback facilities
B.affects the study n energy mnitrs
C.brings abut prblems fr smart meters
D.will be caused by building users’ld habits
（5）What des the dimensin added by scial science research suggest?
A.The scial science research is t be furthered.
B.The educatin prgramme is under discussin.
C.The behaviur f building users is unpredictable.
D.The behaviur preference f building users is similar.
H

There are thusands f prducts f all clrs and shapes in a supermarket, making yu believe that they are wrth a try. Hw? Packaging is the silent but persuading salesman .
There n the shelves, each bttle, can, bx, and jar has been carefully designed and measured t speak t the inner self f the cnsumer, s that is buying nt nly a prduct but als his belief in life. Scientists have studied cnsumer behavir recently and fund that the lk f the package has a great effect n the “quality” f the prduct and n hw well it sells, because “Cnsumers generally cannt tell between a prduct and its package. Many prducts are packages and many packages are prducts,” as Luis Cheskin, the first scial scientist studying cnsumers’ feeling fr packaging, nticed.
Clrs are ne f the best tls in packaging. Studies f eye mvement have shwn that clrs draw human attentin quickly. Take V8 fr example. Fr many years, the bright red clr f tmates and carrts n the thin bttle makes yu feel that it is very gd fr yur bdy. And the wrd “green” tday can keep fd prices ging up.我Shapes are anther attractin. Circles ften suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing t bth the eye and the heart. That’s why the rund yellw M signs f McDnald’s are inviting t bth yung and ld.
This new cnsumer respnse (反应) t the clrs and shapes f packages reminds prducers and sellers that peple buy t satisfy bth bdy and sul.
（1）Accrding t the passage, ________ seems t be able t persuade a cnsumer t buy the prduct.
A.the pleasing clr f the package
B.the special taste f the prduct
C.the strange shape f the package
D.the belief in the prduct
（2）If a package r a prduct is rund in shape, it can ________.
A.bring excitement t the cnsumers
B.attract the cnsumers’ attentin
C.catch the eye mvement f the cnsumers
D.prduce a happy and peaceful feeling
（3）“And the wrd ‘green’ tday can keep fd prices ging up.” This sentence suggests that cnsumers tday are ________.
A.starting t ntice the imprtance f new fd
B.enjying the beauty f nature mre than befre
C.beginning t like green vegetables
D.paying mre attentin t their health
（4）It can be inferred frm the passage that V8 is a kind f ________.
\s 0 参考答案
【参考答案】
【文章大意】当哥伦布把西红柿带入欧洲的时候,人们视之为“伊甸园的苹果”,对其敬而远之,这种情况一直持续到1820年。一个美国人“Rbert Jhnsn”当众吃掉西红柿而安然无恙后,人们才接受西红柿。
（1）【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知,欧洲人错把西红柿当成了伊甸园的苹果,而把它拒之门外,欧洲人之所以不接受西红柿是因为宗教方面的原因。
（2）【解析】选C。句意理解题。由第三段可知,欧洲人长久以来一直不接纳西红柿,甚至直到20世纪晚期,有些作家还将西红柿描写成“邪恶的水果”,由此可知,在18世纪早期,大部分欧洲国家仍然拒绝西红柿。
（3）【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第四段的“What are yu afraid f?”he shuted.“I’ll shw yu fls that these things are gd t eat!”可知,Rbert Jhnsn是为了打消人们对西红柿的恐惧才当众吃西红柿的。
（4）【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍了欧洲人对西红柿的态度上的变化。
【长难句分析】The her f the tmat was an American named Rbert Jhnsn,and when he was publicly ging t eat the tmat in 1820,peple jurneyed fr hundreds f miles t watch him drp dead.
分析：本句是个并列复合句。第一个分句是个简单句,句中named Rbert Jhnsn是过去分词短语作American的定语;第二个分句是个复合句,when引导的是时间状语从句,主句中t watch him drp dead是不定式短语作目的状语。
译文：第一个吃西红柿的英雄是一个叫Rbert Jhnsn的美国人,当他在1820年打算当众吃西红柿的时候,人们行走数百英里来看他“去死”。
答案为：B; C; B; C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers... they spke perhaps. 12,000 languages between them.可知,在狩猎时代虽然人口很少,但语言种类很多。
词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking ver意为"越来越占据统治地位",可知dminant意为"占优势的;占支配地位的",与C项同义。
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The median number f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.以及第四段第一句中的the ttal f 6,800 languages可知答案为B。
主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展,语言的种类越来越少,故C项为正确答案。
【参考答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,介绍了现在祖辈和孙辈住在一起有利有弊,应该由每个人自己做出决定。
（1）【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,现在Ms Garza去照看孙辈使得他们的关系更近了,故而加强了她的家庭联系。
（2）【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,大部分人会仿效Mrs Rbinsn的做法,这会成为一种趋势。
（3）【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推知,20世纪60年代的时候,人们想要离开家去证明自己的能力但现实并不允许,他们心里其实是想离开家的。
（4）【解析】选A。推理判断题。由最后一段可知,有时候对祖父母来说,和子孙们住在一起并非就是好的选择,不住在一起而经常去看望他们会更好,这样不需改变祖父母熟悉的生活方式,由此可推知作者建议祖父母是否和子孙一起住最好从自己的需求出发,何去何从取决于自己的决定。
答案为：C；B；A；D；
【参考答案】
【文章大意】在英国有些低收入的家庭负担不起孩子假期的旅行费用,并且孩子在校期间学校提供免费餐饮,而放假后,就享受不到这些优惠,无形中增加了家庭的负担。因此,城市委员会决定缩短假期。
（1）【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章作者不是站在老师的角度,也不是站在学生和家长的角度来写这篇文章,所以作者应是城市委员会成员。
（2）【解析】选B 。猜测词义题。度假是昂贵的,对于低收入家庭“它们是不可获得的”,故“它们”指代假期。
（3）【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知,假期被缩短到四周半。
（4）【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知,太长的假期让一些孩子无法享受免费餐饮和良好的学习环境。故C项最全面。
（5）【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,缩短假期会使一些老师不愉快,尤其是那些孩子在别的地方上学的老师。
【长难句分析】Many f us will have childhd memries f summer hlidays where we were taken away frm hme t experience new envirnments and learn in different ways.
分析：本句中where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词summer hlidays。
译文：我们很多人都有儿时过暑假的记忆,在假期我们被带着离开家,去接触新的环境,以不同的方式学习。
【文章大意】对动物行为的研究折射人类文化的形成。
（1）【解析】选A。段落大意题。通过第一段最后一句“T wrk ut hw brave r anxius the babns were,Dr.Carter presented them either with a nvel fd r a threat in the frm f a mdel f a pisnus snake.”可知第一段主要论述了Dr.Carter进行的研究计划。
（2）【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The anxius individuals learnt the task by bserving thers while thse wh were relaxed did nt,even thugh they spent mre time watching.”可知选择Thse that feel anxius abut learning。
（3）【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句得知这种mismatch的行为应在上文第三段已经提及,因此可以定位到第三段“The anxius individuals learnt the task by bserving thers while thse wh were relaxed did nt,even thugh they spent mre time watching.”所以答案选C。
（4）【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知文化是人们在相互学习、交流中形成的。
【参考答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,向我们揭示了在能源使用方面,建筑物用户的生活行为方式是很重要的,这与房屋的设计一样重要。
（1）【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文章首句The behaviur f a building’s users may be at least as imprtant as its design when it cmes t energy use...可知,建筑物用户的行为在能源使用中很重要。
（2）【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据语境,此处which引导的是非限制性定语从句,which在此指代先行词existing effrts,表示“现有的努力”。
（3）【解析】选A。推理判断题。从文中第三段cnsumptin patterns f building users can defeat the mst careful design及In ther wrds,ld habits die hard,even in the best-designed ec-hme.知,改变建筑物用户的(生活)习惯对于能源的消耗是很重要的,这甚至能击败房屋最精细的设计。
（4）【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文中第四段中Feedback facilities,like smart meters and energy mnitrs,culd help bridge this infrmatin gap知,在能源使用方面的信息空白,可以通过一些反馈设备如智能电表、能源监测器等来弥补。
（5）【解析】选C。细节理解题。从文中倒数第二段中suggesting that individuals’behaviur in the hme can be persnal and cannt be predicted知,建筑物用户的行为(生活方式)是私人的且不可预测的。
答案及解析：
答案： （1）A; （2）D; （3）D; （4）B
解析：本文介绍了包装的颜色和形状对产品销售的影响,生产商不仅要满足顾客购买商品时,对身体健康的要求还要考虑内心的需求。
（1）推理判断题。根据Clrs are ne f the best tls in packaging. Studies f eye mvement have shwn that clurs draw human attentin quickly..得知包装上喜人的颜色更能促使消费者愿意去购买。C项错在不是奇怪的包装形状而是圆形包装吸引消费者,故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Circles ften suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing t bth the eye and the heart.. 得知圆形包装更受消费者喜爱。选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据And the wrd “green” tday can keep fd prices ging up.绿色是环保健康的象征,当今消费者更注重食品对身体健康的影响。选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据Take V8 fr example. Fr many years, the bright red clr f tmates and carrts n the thin bttle makes yu feel that is it very gd fr yur bdy.得知瓶上印有的鲜红色西红柿与胡萝卜图案让这种饮品看起来对身体有益。是一种健康的果汁,选B。