2021学年Unit 4 Space Exploration练习

Unit 4 Space Exploration

课时素养检测

十五　Unit 4　Period 3

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

　　We humans are a curious species. As NASA says on its website,  “Humans are driven to explore the unknown,  discover new worlds,  push the boundaries of our scientific and technical limits,  and then push further. ”

　　And space exploration is where we’ve been “pushing” our furthest curiosity.

　　The year 2019 began with two pieces of exciting space exploration news. On Jan. 3,  China landed a spacecraft,  Chang’e 4,  on the moon’s far side—the side we can’t see from Earth—for the first time in human history. And according to a report published on Jan. 9 in Nature,  scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1. 5 billion light years away,  possibly sent by intelligent aliens.

　　However,  what’s even more exciting than the news is the fact that whenever speaking of space exploration,  we forget our political and cultural differences—the things that so obsess us.

　　“When you go into space,  you become part of this overall collective (集体) called ‘humanity’, ” Ken Liu,  Chinese-American sci-fi writer and translator,  told Quartz website. “You’re no longer Chinese,  American,  Russian. . . Your culture is left behind. You’re now just ‘humanity’ with a capital ‘H’. ”

　　This magic has worked all the way along our journey into space. When US astronaut Neil Armstrong (1930—2012) became the first human to set foot on the moon in 1969,  for example,  he told the world:  “That’s one small step for man,  one giant leap for mankind. ” Now,  with Chang’e 4 touching down on new moon territory,  China’s aim is to help scientists from around the world find out more about Earth’s only satellite. And with the discovery of the CHIME astronomers,  we’re one step closer to answering a common question in science:  “Are humans alone in the universe? ”

　　It’s true that we are a curious species. But instead of being curious about the “unknown”,  perhaps we’re really more eager to “push further” our own human “boundaries” and “limits”.

【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业, 这里没有政治、国家的边界, 只有“人类”这一概念。

1. Which of the following is the discovery of the CHIME scientists?

A. A galaxy with intelligent aliens.

B. Repeated radio signals sent by intelligent aliens.

C. Repeated radio signals from a distant galaxy.

D. Radio signals from a galaxy several years ago.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“. . . scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1. 5 billion light years away,  possibly sent by intelligent aliens. ”可知, 来自加拿大氢强度测绘实验(CHIME)的科学家检测到来自15亿光年外星系的重复无线电信号, 可能是由有智慧的外星人发出的。由此可知是来自遥远星系的重复无线电信号。故选C。

2. Why does the author quote Ken Liu’s words?

A. To introduce the famous writer,  Ken Liu.

B. To show that in space we are just humanity.

C. To emphasize that culture is not important.

D. To introduce the things that obsess us very much.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知, 华裔美国科幻作家兼翻译家刘肯(Ken Liu)在Quartz网站上说: “当你进入太空时, 你会成为这个被称为‘人类’的整体集体的一部分。你不再是中国人、美国人、俄罗斯人……你的文化被抛在了脑后。你现在只是有一个大写字母‘H’的‘人类’。”由此可见, 作者引用Ken Liu的话是为了证明在太空中我们只是人类。故选B。

3. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 6?

A. Further confirm his opinion.

B. Add some background information.

C. Summarize the previous paragraphs.

D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第六段最后一句And with the discovery of the CHIME astronomers,  we’re one step closer to answering a common question in science:  “Are humans alone in the universe? ”可知, 随着加拿大氢强度测绘实验天文学家的发现, 我们离回答科学中的一个常见问题又近了一步: “宇宙中只有人类吗? ”由此来进一步证实他的观点。故选A。

4. What’s the main idea of the text?

A. China takes the lead in space exploration.

B. Humans are not alone in the universe.

C. Space exploration is a common cause of mankind. 

D. Humans desire to push the boundaries of scientific limits.

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据这篇文章大意可知, 本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业, 这里没有政治、国家的边界, 只有“人类”这一概念。故选C。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If something that you’re doing doesn’t challenge you, then it doesn’t change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. 　1　 So challenge the following limits:  

Figure out what you are scared of and do it continuously.

If you are a salesman, and you’re scared of talking to people personally or over the phone, now, instead of being scared and thinking you will fail, spend at least five minutes a day picking up the phone and making a call. 　2　 But don’t stop on the first try!  Eventually, you can look at fear in the eyes and say, “Go on, I’m not scared! ” 

Take a class for a hobby you’ve been wanting to develop.

Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career;  you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. 　3　 Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.  

Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.

　4　 A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself.  

　5　 

Don’t just limit yourself to your fellow travelers—try to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people they’re going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.

A. You should do it continuously.

B. You don’t need to go to the gym.

C. Someone may make you disturbed.

D. Running in the gym may be a better choice.

E. Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.

F. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on.

G. You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了四种挑战自己的方法。有挑战才有提高, 待在自己的舒适区只会原地踏步。

1. 【解析】选G。本段第一句“If something that you’re doing doesn’t challenge you, then it doesn’t change you. ” 如果你做的事没有挑战性, 你就不会改变。G项(如果你待在舒适区, 那么你永远不会有进步。)顺承了文意, 故选G。

2. 【解析】选C。根据空格后一句“But don’t stop on the first try! ”推断, 上文指可能遇到了困难, C项表示有人可能让你心烦, 符合语境。

3. 【解析】选F。由标题可知, 该段是关于兴趣培训班的, F项列举了兴趣班的类型, 符合语境。

4. 【解析】选B。根据下文“A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. (在你住的街区用九分钟的时间简单地跑跑步就能给你带来意想不到的好处。)”可知你不必去体育馆。B项符合本段意思。

5. 【解析】选E。根据最后一段“You never know what kind of people they’re going to be. Get out of your house or go online. . . ”可知作者鼓励我们出去见识更多的人。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts 　1　 our protective blanket on 　2　. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we 　3　. Heat, too, makes our environment tolerable and some ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays penetrate the 　4　. Cosmic (宇宙的) rays of various kinds come 　5　 the air from outer space, but 　6　 quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. 　7　 men leave the atmosphere they are 　8　 to this radiation, but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, 　9　 prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in 　10　. Doses of radiation are measured in units called “rem (雷姆)”. We all 　11　 radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The “　12　” dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems. It 　13　 according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have the reason to think 　14　 a man can 　15　 far more radiation than 0. 1 rem without being damaged. The figure of 60 rems has been agreed on.  

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体发出的射线对人类既有利又有弊, 那么大气层对此是如何起作用的呢? 人们能承受的安全射线数又是多少雷姆呢?

1. A. for　　　　B. with　　 　C. on　　　　D. as

【解析】选D。act as “充当, 起……作用”。句意: 大气层再次对地球起到防护的作用。

2. A. stars  B. sun  C. earth  D. space

【解析】选C。由上题可知, 大气层起到防护的作用, 保护的应该是地球。故选C项。

3. A. use  B. live  C. eat  D. get

【解析】选C。由常识可知, 植物依靠阳光生长出我们吃的食物, 故选C项。

4. A. environment   B. space

C. atmosphere    D. earth

【解析】选C。由上文可知, 地球周围有大气防护层, 因此推知这里指紫外线穿透大气层。故选C。

5. A. across B. to C. from D. through

【解析】选D。这里的come through相当于penetrate“穿透”。come across “偶遇”; come to “来到”; come from “来自”。句意: 各类来自外太空的宇宙射线穿透大气层。故选D。

6. A. valid   B. enormous  C. various   D. proper

【解析】选B。由空格前but表转折和句末的“are screened off (被隔开)”可判断此处表示大量来自太阳的辐射被隔离掉了。valid “有效的”; various “各种各样的”; proper “合适的”。enormous “大量的”符合文意。

7. A. As soon as  B. As well as

C. As much as   D. As possible as

【解析】选A。as soon as “一……就……”。此处表示人一离开大气层就会接触到辐射。故选A项。

8. A. shown  B. exposed   C. faced  D. covered

【解析】选B。be exposed to “暴露于……”, 符合语意。

9. A. get  B. make  C. have  D. do

【解析】选D。“do+动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。

10. A. Mars  B. atmosphere

C. space   D. planet

【解析】选C。由Radiation和explorers可推测, 应选space (太空)。句意: 辐射是探险者在太空中已知的最大危险。

11. A. receive  B. accept  C. bring  D. catch

【解析】选A。由下文“radiation that we receive each year”可知, 此处表示受到辐射, 故选A项。

12. A. conventional B. common

C. general    D. normal

【解析】选D。此处表示我们每年接受的“正常”辐射量大约为两毫雷姆。故选normal。

13. A. puzzles  B. floats

C. combines  D. changes

【解析】选D。由句意“所处地点不同, 所能承受的正常的辐射量也不一样”可确定答案为D项。

14. A. what B. which C. that  D. why

【解析】选C。本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接词, 而从句不缺少成分和语意, 故选择that。

15. A. put up with  B. keep up with

C. come up with  D. catch up with

【解析】选A。此处表示人类可承受的辐射量。keep up with“跟上”; come up with“提出, 想出”; catch up with“赶上”。put up with “忍受”, 符合语境。

Ⅳ. 语法填空

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 1. __________ (solve) is always fleeing the planet 2. __________ spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth,  3. __________ (offer)a different and 4. __________ (encourage)idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 5. __________ (build)a giant engine system,  6. __________ will push Earth away from the sun. This “ambition” didn’t come from nowhere. Up to now,  “homeland” 7. __________ (have)a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 8. __________ (probable)makes The Wandering Earth different from other films.  

The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was 9. __________ time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 10. __________ (they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story: Earth goes wherever humans go, because it’s our home.  

【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了中国科幻电影——《流浪地球》。

1. 【解析】solution。考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词the可知此处填名词。

2. 【解析】by。考查介词。使用交通工具用介词by。

3. 【解析】offers/is offering。考查主谓一致。根据句中now可知此处用一般现在时或现在进行时。

4. 【解析】encouraging。考查词性转换。根据idea可知此处填形容词。encouraging意为“令人鼓舞的”。

5. 【解析】to build。考查非谓语动词。根据本句work together可知此处是目的状语, 所以填to build。

6. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 指代a giant engine system, 在定语从句中作主语, 故用which。

7. 【解析】has had。考查动词时态。根据Up to now可知本句用现在完成时。

8. 【解析】probably。考查词性转换。此处修饰的是动词makes, 所以用副词。

9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。It was a time when. . . 固定句式。

10. 【解析】their。考查代词。空格后的hometowns是名词, 前面用形容词性物主代词修饰。