2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国科技（二）

这是一份2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国科技（二），共14页。
2019 Wrld Cnference n VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the gal f further satisfying peple's grwing demand fr a better life, accelerating the mdernizatin f China's ecnmic system and its transfrmatin int an innvatin-riented cuntry, and prmting breakthrughs in the ecnmic and scial develpment f Jiangxi Prvince. The theme f the cnference is "VR Adrns(装扮) the Wrld - VR + 5G fr a New Era f Perceptin(观念)". The virtual reality industry in Nanchang, capital city f East China's Jiangxi prvince, is expecting a bm when China grws in a new era f 5G this year, experts and industry insiders said at the cnference.
The Cnference attracted experts, schlars and cmpany leaders frm mre than 30 cuntries, including the us, Germany, Britain, Russia, India and Israel, discussing the develpment and applicatin f VR, especially as 5G, the next generatin technlgy fr netwrk n devices like cellphnes, unlcks the ptential f VR. With a fcus n the new era f perceptin enabled by 5G, this year's cnference shwed leading-edge VR technlgies and the latest utcmes f the glbal VR industry.
Mia Wei, head f the Ministry f Industry and Infrmatin Technlgy, said in the pening address that with China fficially getting 5G; cmmercial licenses n June 6th 2019, the c-develpment f VR and 5G prmises a huge market in future. “China takes the lead in VR innvatins. And the wide ppularity f high-tech in ur cuntry guarantees the ptential f this market,” said Mia.
China is building its VR industry int ne with the mst dynamic envirnments fr innvatin and entrepreneurship, highest market acceptance, and the greatest grwth ptential in the wrld.
1.What is ne f the aims f 2019 Wrld Cnference n VR Industry?
A.T prmte 5G technlgy.
B.T make Chinese peple mre creative.
C.T imprve the ecnmic develpment f Jiangxi.
D.T change the wrld int a mdern ne.
2.What is the relatinship between 5G and VR?
A.5G can greatly help the develpment f VR.
B.VR’s applicatin wuld unlck 5G.
C.5G makes VR a business.
D.VR is made up f 5G.
3.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Technlgy Revlutin in Jiangxi
B.New Era Marked by 5G and VR
C.VR, Technlgy fr the Future
D.VR Cnference in Nanchang
二、
Everyne has a quarrel r tw with friends, c-wrkers and family members,but library gers in Nanchang, East China’s Jiangxi Prvince gt a surprise when a persn unintentinally started an argument between tw rbts.
The tw rbts, named Tutu and Wangba, are suppsed t ffer assistance t visitrs in the hall f the Jiangxi Prvincial Library. When a library ger scanned Tutu's QR cde, Wangba seemingly became annyed, which brught a great amusement t the library ger wh psted a vide f the exchange that ccurred n December 30 and has gne viral n scial media.
“Tutu, let’s stp fighting,OK?”said Wangba.
“Yur md sure swings a lt!" Tutu said.
Wangba raved, “Aren’t yu a drama queen,I’m giving yu an ut. Stp being petulant!”
The library ger was even mre amused, as the tw rbts grew nisier and angrier with each ther, and finally, abruptly turning away frm each ther like naughty children.
“It lks like hw yu quarrel with yur girlfriend,ha-ha." ne netizen psted.
“I see myself frm the quarrel,’’wrte anther n Sina Weib,which was eched by many thers.
“It's annying t hear peple arguing,and I didn’t expect I’d have t listen t rbts arguing,’’anther netizen wrte.
The nline vide was widely circulating n Sina Weib, with sme 500, 000 views as f press time n Saturday. Tutu and Wangba became internet ht figures, even attracting attentin frm majr news utlets in the cuntry.
When the tw nline celebrities were interviewed by reprters n Friday, the tw seems already frgave each ther after three days.
“It was a thing last year…Isn’t it nrmal t have quarrels between friends?”Wangba said in vide psted by the Xinhua News Agency n Saturday.
1.What's the purpse f paragraph ne ?
A.T shw hw smart the tw rbts are.
B.T increase ur awareness f Al technlgy.
C.T intrduce the fllwing parts.
D.T criticize the quarrel between the tw rbts.
2.What was the library ger’s attitude twards the argument?
A.Amazed.B.Entertained.C.Puzzled.D.Excited.
3.By presenting sme netizens’ cmments,the authr intends t tell us ______.
A.the fight draws the public’s great attentin
B.the fight has an awful effect n peple’s life
C.the fight takes place n a regular basis
D.the fight feels like a real ne
4.Where is the text mst likely frm?
A.A textbk.B.A diary.C.A magazine.D.A website.
三、
A 1.6-metre-tall rbt may sn becme the best friend fr lnely elderly peple, as Chinese scientists are making the final sprint(冲刺) twards its market launch(投放), said a senir researcher n the rbt prject n Saturday.
"We are wrking n testing the exact functins and ways t reduce the cst in preparatins fr an expected market launch f the rbt in tw t three years," said Li Ruifeng, a member f the prject.
He said the team hped t reduce the cst s that the rbt can be priced at 30, 000 t 50, 000 yuan, which is expected t be an affrdable price fr mst f China's better-ff families.
The rbt has been develped with the functins f fetching fd and medicine, sunding alarms in case f water r gas leakage, sending texts r vide images via wireless cmmunicatins, and even singing a sng r playing chess t entertain its masters.
Li said that the rbt, develped independently in China, has technlgy at the same level as thse in Western labs.
China set abut the research f the rbt in 2007, when it was listed as a natinal key prject. It is backed by gvernment funding(拨款). China has the wrld's largest elderly ppulatin with 159 millin peple ver 60, accunting fr 12 percent f its ttal ppulatin. Accrding t a survey by the Ministry f Civil Affairs, mre than 10 millin caregivers and nurses are needed t attend the elderly, as mst f Chinese elderly prefer t live their retired lives at hme.
1. The underlined wrd "backed" in the last paragraph means _____.
A. supprtedB. suggestedC. cntrlledD. stpped
2. Frm the last paragraph we knw that _____.
A. ur gvernment pays n attentin t the elderly peple
B. China has the wrld's largest elderly ppulatin
C. Chinese elderly peple prefer t be lked after by rbt caregivers
D. rbts are the best friends fr the lnely elderly peple
3. Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A. Rbt caregivers will appear in the market in 2 t 3 years.
B. Rbt caregivers can help elderly peple t d everything.
C. China needs sme technical supprt frm Western labs.
D. The rbt is expected t be bught by every persn.
4. The authr wrte the passage t _____.
A. advertise a rbt caregiver t the elderly
B. tell Chinese elderly nt t wrry abut their lives
C. explain hw rbt caregivers wrk in the future
D. intrduce a newly-develped rbt caregiver
四、
On Tuesday, China annunced it had grwn the first ever plants n the mn, days after landing n the mn’s “far side” Vn Karman crater. The cttn seed spruts (新芽) seemed t have withstd the tugh lunar cnditins: freezing temperatures, lwer gravity levels, and radiatin.
But by Thursday, the new cttn seed spruts had dead already, accrding t Liu Hanlng, the experiment leader, in a gvernment press cnference statement.
After Chang’e-4 landed n the far side f the mn earlier this mnth, the prbe (探测器) was sent a cmmand t remtely water the plants and start the grwing prcess. A tube directed natural light n the surface f the mn int the small cntainer t allw the plants t grw. The prbe entered a sleep mde n Sunday, the first lunar night after the prbe’s landing.
Prfessr Xie Gengxin, prfessr at Chngqing University and chief designer f the experiment, tld CNN that it ended after nine days when the cntrl team shut dwn the pwer. Xie said temperatures inside the bisphere had grwn t abnrmal and reached extremes that wuld likely kill all life, including the seeds and eggs during the lunar night. Xie didn’t cnfirm why temperatures had risen t levels unbearable fr the plants in spite f the measures taken by the research team.
Even thugh the experiment was quickly terminated, Xie cnsidered it a success. The cttn were the nly seeds t sprut, hwever, and despite many assumptins abut the future pssibility f mn clthes, the cttn plant’s main purpse this time was t give researchers the valuable data n hw t cultivate life in the mn’s tugh cnditins. The eventual ability t grw plants n the mn culd prve useful fr lng-term space missins, like a trip t Mars. Astrnauts culd theretically harvest their wn fd in space, aviding the need t return t Earth t resupply.
Aside frm the apparent failure f the bilgical r plant experiment, the rest f China’s missin t the far side f the mn appeared n track as f Thursday. The histric missin is intended t accmplish a range f tasks, including cnducting the first lunar lw-frequency radi astrnmy experiment and explring whether there is water at the mn’s ples.
Chang’e-4 is the latest step in China’s rbtic lunar-explratin prgram, named after a mn gddess in Chinese mythlgy. China plans t launch the Chang’e-5 sample-return missin smetime this year.
1.What des the underlined wrd “withstd” mean?
A.Appreciated.B.Suffered frm.C.Tlerated.D.Been subject t.
2.What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A.The measures f the research team.B.The cause f ceasing the experiment.
C.The reasn fr the extreme temperature.D.The failure and impact f the experiment.
3.What is the majr target f the plant experiment?
A.T make mn clthes pssible.
B.T ensure its value fr lng-term space missins.
C.T enable astrnauts t harvest their wn fd withut returning t Earth t resupply.
D.T accumulate the priceless data n hw t grw life in the mn’s severe cnditins.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.China’s mn plants have died
B.China’s missin t the far side f the mn
C.The Chang’e-5 sample-return missin
D.Astrnauts’ effrts t cultivate life in the mn
五、
China became the first cuntry t clne a mnkey using nn-reprductive cells, scientists said n Thursday. By December 2017, the Chinese Academy f Sciences had created tw clne macaques (猕猴) named "Zhng Zhng" and "Hua Hua" by nuclear transfer (核移植) f bdy cells — any cell in the rganism ther than reprductive cells. This was the similar technlgy used t create the famus clne sheep Dlly in 1996.
Tetra, a mnkey brn in 1999, is the wrld's first ever-clned mnkey, but it was dne using a simpler methd called embry splitting, and cannt be genetically mdified (改造) t suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy f Sciences. Clning a mnkey using bdy cells has been a wrld-class challenge because it is a primate (灵长类) that shares its genetic make-up with humans, he said.
Fr drug and ther lab tests, scientists have t purchase mnkeys frm all ver the wrld, which is cstly, bad fr the envirnment and prduces inaccurate results because each mnkey might have different genes, Pu said.
"By clning mnkeys using bdy cells, we can reprduce a large number f genetically identical mnkeys in a shrt amunt f time, and we can even change their genes t suit ur needs," he added. "This can save time, cut dwn experiment csts, and prduce mre accurate results, leading t mre effective medicine."
Sun Qiang, directr f the nn-human primate research facility at the institute, said mst f the drug tests are currently dne n lab mice. Hwever, drugs that wrk n mice might nt wrk r even have severe side effects n humans because the tw species are s different.
Mnkeys and humans are bth primates, s they are much clsely related and testing n mnkeys is suppsed t be as effective as testing n humans. This achievement will help China lead the wrld research in an internatinal science prject related t study f primate brains.
1.Which descriptin f the tw clne macaques is true?
A.They were the first mnkeys ever-clned in the wrld.
B.They were created using reprductive cells.
C.They wuld nt be fed t suit experimental needs.
D.The technlgy used t create them was similar t that f creating Dlly.
2.Clning mnkeys using bdy cells fr drug and ther lab tests is ___________.
A.time-cnsumingB.very expensiveC.mre efficientD.inaccurate
3.What can be learned frm the passage?
A.Pu Muming and Sun Qiang were ding mst wrk in clning the tw macaques.
B.Genetic research n mnkeys can be seen as effective as that n humans.
C.Mst drug tests have been dne n mice because mice share the same genetic make-up with humans.
D.Scientists mass reprduce clne mnkeys nly t cut dwn experiment csts.
4.This passage abve can be mst prbably read in_______.
A.a science magazineB.a travel guidebkC.an imaginary fictinD.a lab brchure
六、
China successfully sent the 52nd and 53rd satellites f its dmestically develped BeiDu Navigatin Satellite System (BDS)—the last tw medium Earth rbit (MEO) satellites fr the BDS-3 cnstellatin (星座)—int space n Mnday, marking the cmpletin f the glbal navigatin system’s cre cnstellatin deplyment (部署) and this year’s BDS satellite launch campaign.
Launched frm Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Sichuan Prvince, n bard a Lng March-3B carrier rcket with an Expeditin-1 upper stage, the tw satellites were injected int planned rbits after mre than three hurs’ flight.
Since the first BDS-3 satellite was launched n Nvember 5, 2017, China has cnducted 18 BDS satellite launch missins, successfully sending 30 int their planned rbit, setting a natinal recrd fr highest missin frequency and success rate.
In-rbit tests will be carried ut befre the tw MEO satellites are cmmissined (正式委托). By then the cre cnstellatin fr the Chinese glbal navigatin satellite system will be successfully cmpleted.
Wang Ping, chief designer f the BDS-3 system, said that the hybrid cnstellatin design, in which three grups f satellites—the Inclined Ge Synchrnus Orbit (IGSO), MEO and gesynchrnus Earth rbit (GEO)—wrk in cncert in different rbits, was an exclusive BDS innvatin and a wrld first. “Existing glbal navigatin satellite systems, such as the US GPS and Russia’s GLONASS, nly have a MEO satellite cnstellatin,” said Wang.
The MEO satellites, in rbit 20,000 kilmeters abve Earth, are a special type f satellite prviding glbal service, while the IGSO and GEO satellites, in an rbit 360,000 kilmeters abve Earth, mainly enhance reginal service quality, accrding t Wang. That explained why cmpletin f the MEO cnstellatin was significant, marking the cmpletin f the cre netwrk fr BDS-3, meaning a stable BDS-3 glbal cverage withut weak pints has been carried ut.
Feedback shws that the BDS service quality was already cmparable t GPS since the end f 2018, and after cmpleting BDS-3, “We will be as gd as any GNSS.” Wang said.
1.Hw many BDS satellites were sent int their planned rbit successfully?
A.3.B.18.C.30.D.36.
2.What’s the advantage f BDS cmpared with GPS and GLONASS?
A.The diverse functins.
B.The excellent service quality.
C.The lwer cst f designing it.
D.The ability t wrk in different rbits.
3.Why are the MEO satellites imprtant?
A.They enhance reginal service quality.
B.They can be put int use immediately.
C.They can enter farther rbits.
D.They can serve the wrld.
4.What may be the best title fr the text?
A.China Becmes the First Cuntry t Launch a MEO Satellite
B.The Cre Cnstellatin f BDS-3 Cmpletes Deplyment
C.The BDS-3 System Has Benefited Many Cuntries
D.Explring Space Is Very Imprtant t the Wrld
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D
解析：1.根据第一段可知,VR大会的目的有很多。其中prmting breakthrughs in the ecnmic and scial develpment f Jiangxi prvince可以判断C项正确。
2.根据第二、四段可知,5G为VR的发展提供了平台和助力。
3.根据全文可以看出,这是一篇新闻报道,主要讲了VR大会在南昌举行。
二、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕两个机器人争吵引发网友关注的内容展开,故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句.which brught a great amusement t the library ger... 推断出去图书馆的人被机器人的争吵逗乐了,故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据网友评论以及第十段第二句“Tutu and Wangba became internet ht figures,even attracting attentin..可知机器人争吵吸引了大众的注意力,故选A。
4. 文章出处题。根据作者引用的网友评论,可判断是一篇来自网络的文章,故选D。
三、
答案：1-4 ABAD
解析：1.词义猜测题。由前一句的“a natinal key prject”及其后的“by gvernment funding(拨款)”可知，“back”意为“支持”。
2.细节理解题。由最后一段第三句“China has the wrld's largest elderly peculatin with 159 millin peple ver 60, accunting fr 12 percent f its ttal ppulatin.”可知。
3.细节理解题。由第二段“We are wrking n testing the exact functins and ways t reduce the cst in preparatins fr an expected market launch f the rbt in tw t three years...”可知。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一种可以照顾孤独老年人生活的机器人即将面世，以及与其相关的测试、功能、技术、前景等问题。
四、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.词义猜测题。划线的“withstd”是什么意思?根据第二段But by Thursday, the new cttn seed spruts had dead already, accrding t Liu Hanlng, the experiment leader, in a gvernment press cnference statement.但据试验负责人刘汉龙在政府新闻发布会上的声明, 到周四,新的棉籽芽已经死亡。由此推知,周二发布消息的时候,棉籽芽还活着。再根据划线词后的the tugh lunar cnditins: freezing temperatures, lwer gravity levels, and radiatin.严酷的月球环境:冰冻的温度、较低的重力水平和辐射)可知,棉籽芽似乎忍受住了严酷的月球环境。由此可知, withstd意思为“忍受"。故选C. A.感激;B.遭受;C.忍受;D.受制于
2.主旨大意题。第四段的主要内容是什么?根据第四段中Xie said temperatures inside the bisphere had grwn t abnrmal and reached extremes that wuld likely kill all life, including the seeds and eggs during the lunar night. Xie didn’t cnfirm why temperatures had risen t levels unbearable fr the plants in spite f the measures taken by the research team.谢说,生物圈内的温度已经变得太不正常了,达到了可能会杀死所有生命的极端温度,包括在月夜期间的种子和鸡蛋。谢没有证实为什么尽管研究小组采取了措施,温度还是上升到了让植物无法忍受的水平。由此可知,第四段主要讲了停止实验的原因。故选B。A.研究小组的措施; B.停止试验的原因; C.极端温度的原因; D.实验的失败和影响。
3.细节理解题。植物实验的主要目标是什么?根据第五段中The cttn were the nly seeds t sprut, hwever, and despite many assumptins abut the future pssibility f mn clthes, the cttn plant’s main purpse this time was t give researchers the valuable data n hw t cultivate life in the mn’s tugh cnditins.棉花是唯一能发芽的种子,然而,尽管对未来月球衣服的可能性有很多假设,棉花植物这次的主要目的是为研究人员提供如何在月球艰苦条件下培育生命的宝贵数据。由此可知,植物实验的主要目标是积累关于如何在月球恶劣条件下生命生长的宝贵数据。故选D. A.使月球上的衣服成为可能; B.确保其在长期太空任务中的价值; C.让宇航员在不返回地球的情况下收获自己的食物; D.积累关于如何在月球恶劣条件下生长生命的无价数据。
4.主旨大意题。课文的最佳标题是什么?根据第二段But by Thursday, the new cttn seed spruts had dead already, accrding t Liu Hanlng, the experiment leader, in a gvernment press cnference statement.但据试验负责人刘汉龙在政府新闻发布会上说,到周四,新的棉籽芽已经死亡。结合文章主要说明了周二,中国宣布在月球远侧"Vn Karman陨石坑着陆几天后,首次在月球上种植植物,但是周四,实验负责人在政府新闻发布会上说中国在月球上的棉籽芽已经死亡,且描述了与之相关的原因、意义等, 故A选项"中国的月球植物E经死亡”符合文章标题。故选A。A.中国的月球植物已经死亡; B.中国的月球远侧使命; C.嫦娥5号样品返回任务; D.宇航员在月球上培育生命的努力.
五、
答案：1-4.DCBA
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"This was the similar technlgy used t create the famus clne sheep Dlly in 1996"可知,克隆猕猴使用的技术与著名的克隆羊Dlly使用的技术是相似的。其他选项与文章内容不符。故选D。
2.考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容,特别是"This can save time, cut dwn experiment csts, and prduce mre accurate results, leading t mre effective medicine"可知,用非生殖细胞克隆猕猴进行药物(测试)和其他实验室测试更加高效。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Mnkeys and humans are bth primates, s they are much clsely related and testing n mnkeys is suppsed t be as effective as testing n humans"可知,猴子和人都是灵长类,他们关系非常密切,因此对于猴子的基因研究被认为与对人类的基因研究一样有效。故选B。
4.考查文章出处。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了中国在克隆技术方面的研究成果——成功用非生殖细胞克隆出猕猴。因此推断人们很可能在科学杂志上读到该文章。故选A。
六、
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段 Since the first BDS-3 satellite was launched n Nvember 5, 2017, China has cnducted 18 BDS satellite launch missins, successfully sending 30 int their planned rbit, setting a natinal recrd fr highest missin frequency and success rate. “自2017年11月5日发射第一颗北斗三号卫星以来,中国已成功执行18次北斗卫星发射任务,将30颗卫星送入计划轨道,创全国发射频率和成功率最高纪录”,故C项正确。故正确答案为C。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“北斗三号系统总设计师王平表示,将倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)、中轨卫星(MEO)和地球同步轨道(Ge)三组卫星在不同轨道协同工作的混合星座设计,是北斗系统的独家创新,也是世界第一。王说:‘现有的全球卫星导航系统,如美国的GPS和俄罗斯的GLONASS,只有中轨卫星(MEO)星座。’”,所以北斗卫星导航系统能够在倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)、中圆地球轨道(MEO)和地球静止轨道(GEO)同时运行,而美国的GPS导航系统和俄罗斯的GLONASS导航系统只能在中圆地球轨道运行,故D项“在不同轨道上工作的能力”符合文意。A项,“卓越的服务品质”,B项,“多样化的功能”,C项,“更低的设计成本”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句 The MEO satellites, in rbit 20, 000 kilmeters abve Earth, are a special type f satellite prviding glbal service, while the IGSO and GEO satellites, in an rbit 360, 000 kilmeters abve Earth, mainly enhance reginal service quality, accrding t Wang. “据王介绍,在地球上空2万公里轨道上运行的MEO卫星是提供全球服务的特殊卫星类型,而在地球上空36万公里轨道上运行的IGSO和GEO卫星主要提高区域服务质量。”,所以中圆地球轨道卫星重要是因为它能提供全球性服务。故正确答案为D。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知,本文主要内容为中国成功发射了北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的两颗卫星,这标志着北斗三号全球卫星导航系统核心星座部署完成,所以B项,“北斗3号核心星座部署完成”能概括本文主旨。D项,“探索太空对世界很重要”,C项,“北斗3系统使许多国家受益”,A项,“中国成为第一个发射中程卫星的国家”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。