2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国科技（一）

这是一份2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国科技（一），共12页。
Tday, China has cnducted its first 3D printing experiment in space in a newly-launched spacecraft ,which was put int lw-Earth rbit by China’s Lng March 5B heavy lift carrier rcket.
Vide bradcast n CCTV shwed that the printer has printed a flat sectin f a hneycmb-shaped(蜂巢状的) structure as well as a symbl f China Aerspace Science and Technlgy Crp, the parent cmpany f the China Academy f Space Technlgy. The experiment was dne by a 3D printer, develped and built by its Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factry inside the prttype f China’s new-generatin manned spacecraft.
The printer, named the Space-Based Cmpsite Material 3D Printing System, uses carbn fiber-reinfrced materials t autnmusly print bjects. It is installed in the re-entry mdule f the experimental spaceship, and will be brught back t Earth nce the mdule returns.
The printer features advanced technlgies in material mdeling, precisin cntrl and autmatin. Once the space-based 3D printing technlgy becmes peratinally ready? it can extensively benefit space prgrams as astrnauts can use it t manufacture a lt f things they currently need t btain frm resupply flights by carg spacecraft.
Wang Yanan, editr-in-chief f the Aerspace Knwledge magazine, said the 3D printer will be very useful in extended space missins, such as thse in a space statin, because it will allw astrnauts t make cmpnents quickly and cnveniently in space. The technlgy will save future space jurneys cnsiderable resurces and csts.
In fact, the device is nt the nly representative f 3D printing nbard the prttype.
A CubeSat deplyer, designed and made thrugh 3D printing by CSats Space Technlgy, is als carried by the spacecraft t check the adaptability f 3D-printed equipment in space. CSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D-printed deplyer is much lighter and strnger than its cunterparts and it will have huge ptential in the space industry.
1.What did the vide bradcast n CCTV shw t the audience?
A.The name and the shape f the 3D printing.
B.The significance f the 3D printing technlgy.
C.The prcess and the prducts f the 3D printing.
D.The relatinship between the tw cmpanies.
2.What if a cmpnent is brken in the space statin in the future?
A.The astrnauts can make ne using 3D printing and replace it.
B.It will be sent by spaceship back t Earth fr repair.
C.It will be unladed and abandned in space.
D.The astrnauts can fix it cnveniently by hand n the spt.
3.What is Bai Ruixue's attitude t the future f 3D printing in space?
A.Negative.B.Psitive.C.Indifferent.D.Critical.
4.What can be the mst suitable title fr the text?
A.3D Printing Set t Help Ease Space Trips
B.3D Printing—a New Way t Explre Space
C.3D Printing Launched by Lng March 5B
D.3D Printing Experiment Cnducted in Space
二、
China's space industry is preparing t launch the wrld's first artificial mn t help with urban illuminatin (照明) at night. China plans t put an artificial mn in rbit abve Chengdu, capital f Sichuan Prvince, frm the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan by 2020. If the launch prves successful, three mre such bjects will be launched in 2022. The artificial mn will have a reflective cating that can turn sunlight back t the earth, similar t hw the mn shines.
The man-made mn is essentially an illuminatin satellite designed t cmplement the mn at night, thugh it is predicted t be eight times brighter. This is due t the bject's planned rbit abut 500 kilmeters abve the earth— much clser than the 380,000-km distance t the mn. The lcatin and brightness f the light beam can be changed, and its cverage accuracy can fall within a few dzen meters. The artificial mn might replace sme streetlights in the urban area.
Meanwhile, the extra light can shine int disaster znes during blackuts, thus aiding relief and rescue effrts. The mirrrs can be adjusted fr luminsity (光度), and can be cmpletely turned ff when needed. Hwever, less light frm it will reach the grund if the sky is dark with cluds.
The first mn will be mstly experimental, but the three mns in 2022 will be the real deal with great cmmercial ptential. The three new man-made mns can take turns reflecting sunlight as they will nt always be in the best psitin relative t the sun, and tgether they can illuminate an area f arund 3,600 t 6,400 km2 n the earth fr 24 hurs if desired.
Russia, the United States, Japan and Eurpean cuntries are all lking t capitalize n harnessing energy frm space, and reflecting mirrrs have been in the discussin fr sme time.
1.What if the man-made mn is launched by 2020?
A. There are ver tw mns hanging in the sky.
B. Sme pwer will be saved and it is a green lifestyle.
C. It is the first man-made bject that rbits in space.
D. Sme sunlight will be blcked back in a way.
2.What des the underlined wrd "cmplement" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Make up fr.B. Take advantage f.C. Keep up with.D. Team up with.
3.What is the disadvantage f the man-made mn?
A. It is likely t shine blindingly n the earth.B. It will rbit abve t clse t the earth.
C. It will reflect the sunshine during the day.D. It is likely t wrk prly n a cludy day.
4.What can we learn accrding t the 4th and 5th paragraphs?
A. The first man-made mn has a slim chance f success.
B. Man-made mns will have a bright market in the future.
C. Many cuntries have already invented similar bjects.
D. It is tugh t fix the psitin f the man-made mn.
三、
A facial recgnitin app, recently develped by scientists, will make it easier t identify pandas.
Wan Yngqing, a Beijing phtgrapher, visits Sichuan Prvince t take phts f pandas every ther year. He has watched them fr mre than a decade. "My friends say I'm a big panda fan. It is a shame that I find all pandas lk the same, with black eyes and white fur. It des nt matter as all the pandas are cute t me," he said.
Yet, identifying ne panda frm anther des matter t researchers, accrding t Zhang Zhihe, chief f the Chengdu panda research base.
"Identifying individual pandas is imprtant fr cnservatin management and research. Fr captive(被圈养的) pandas, it is imprtant fr their daily feeding schedules, family backgrund and data management. Fr wild pandas, it helps researchers study their ppulatin structure and prvides scientific supprt fr their prtectin and management," he said.
China has carried ut fur scientific surveys n wild pandas, and nw has a big databank abut them. The number f wild pandas in China is mstly knwn. Hwever, it is still difficult t determine the age, sex, health and ther specific infrmatin abut the ppulatin.
"It's difficult t track and watch the structure because wild pandas tend t live alne, deep in the muntains, and their living envirnment is vast," Zhang added.
In 2017, the Chengdu base began researching individual panda identificatin technlgy by analyzing images. Over the past tw years, they have built a databank f mre than 120,000 images, ver 1,000 vide clips, and cmpleted rganizing nearly 10,000 images.
Using the databank, researchers have started a facial recgnitin app that can accurately recgnize captive pandas by analyzing and cmparing the unique features f panda faces.
Panda researchers hpe the data and AI technlgy will help them analyze data fr bth captive and wild pandas.
1.Why is it imprtant t identify individual captive pandas?
A.It is useful fr studying their ppulatin structure.
B.It helps researchers build up their living envirnment.
C.It prvides prf that they need prtectin in the wild.
D.It is helpful fr further research and data management.?
2.Which f the fllwing is nt a reasn why it’s difficult t track and watch wild pandas?
A.They live alne.
B.They dn't leave enugh tracks.
C.They live in deep muntains.
D.Their living envirnment is vast.
3.What is still hard t find ut fr wild pandas?
A.Their living envirnment.
B.Their age, sex, health and ppulatin infrmatin.
C.Their feeding schedules,family backgrund and management.
D.The reasn and research upn their black eyes and white fur.
4.What is necessary fr the facial recgnitin app t wrk well?
A.The databank f pandas.B.The structure f pandas.
C.The inventin f AI technlgy.D.The unique features f panda faces.
四、
Althugh life n Earth was chatic in 2020, we can still lk t the stars fr new hpe in 2021.
Last year, Japan’s Hayabusa2 returned with several grams f samples frm the asterid (小行星) Ryugu. China als brught back sme lunar sil and rcks within a mnth. Meanwhile, NASA teamed up with SpaceX t send tw men t the Internatinal Space Statin. Despite the pandemic, 2020 has been a busy year fr space, and 2021 lks t be busier.
Three shuttles launched in 2020 are n their way t the red planet, Mars. The United Arab Emirates’ Mars Hpe, the natin’s first missin t the red planet, is due t arrive in February. China’s Tianwen-1 missin is als expected t arrive in mid-February, making China the secnd cuntry t sft-land a spacecraft n the Martian surface. Finally, NASA’s Mars Perseverance frm the USA launched in 2020 will likely be the third craft t reach Mars – als in February, accrding t Ars Technica.
After many delays, the James Webb Space Telescpe is planning t launch n Hallween n a Eurpean Ariane 5 rcket. After the launch, its sunshield and mirrr will be put tgether and finished ver tw weeks. The Webb telescpe will find the first galaxies that frmed in the early universe and see stars frming planetary systems thrugh dusty cluds, accrding t NASA.
China will als begin the first steps tward building the cuntry’s first space statin. Within the first half f the year, China will launch the cre mdule (组件) Tianhe n a Lng March 5B rcket. This mdule will include rms fr Chinese astrnauts and visitrs t the statin. Fuel and supply missins will fllw the initial launch, and tw experiment mdules will jin the statin in 2022.
With s much mre human activity in space, rbital debris (残骸) is becming mre f a cncern. T that end, Astrscale’s ELSA-d missin is the first step tward cmmercial debris remval as it will attempt t mve dead satellites and remve space junk.
2021 will be a year f science “the likes f which we’ve rarely seen,” accrding t Thmas Zurbuchen, assciate administratr at NASA.
1.Which craft will be the third t reach Mars in February?
A.American’s Mars Perseverance.
B.Japan’s Hayabusa2.
C.China’s Tianwen-1.
D.The United Arab Emirates’ Mars Hpe.
2.What will the James Webb Space Telescpe d?
A.It will recrd the structure f the universe.
B.It will remve hidden dusty cluds.
C.It will search fr life in planetary systems.
D.It will help peple study the first galaxies.
3.What can be inferred abut China’s space prgram?
A.China will be the first t build a space statin n Mars.
B.China is planning t bring visitrs t its space statin.
C.China will have tw mdules at the space statin in 2022.
D.China will send supplies during the launch f Tianhe.
4.What in space wrries peple?
A.Grwing human activities.
B.Return f dead satellites.
C.Cmmercializatin f space missins.
D.Space debris frm missins.
五、
Sales f Apple’s new iPhne 11 in China began n Friday, but were met with a cler receptin frm cnsumers than in previus years. Unlike in previus years, n lng lines were seen utside Chinese shps n Friday fr the new iPhne, and the prduct release nly made the headlines in a few media utlets.
Huawei unveiled(公布)its Mate 30 smartphne series n Thursday night. Its new devices have wn cnsumers’ hearts at hme and abrad. Many cmpared it with Apple’s new iPhne 11, saying that beats the new iPhne in terms f innvatin and quality. One custmer surnamed Zha, an IT specialist wh pre-rdered a Mate 30 Pr n Friday, said that he chse Mate 30 withut hesitatin. Zha said, “It’s bvius that Huawei’s new phne with its advanced 5G mde wuld lead the future glbal telecmmunicatins market, and its new innvative features in gesture and side cntrl attracted my attentin, t.”
In cntrast with iPhne 11’s lukewarm(冷淡的)sales, Chinese netizens have engaged in discussins n Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pr. An nline pll n the Mate 30 and iPhne 11 n Weib n Friday shwed that mre than 60 percent f netizens chse the Mate 30, while less than 20 percent chse the iPhne 11. Many chse Huawei nt ut f patritism but fr its technlgy.
Overseas cnsumers als engaged in vigrus discussins n Huawei’s new flagship devices n technlgy sites and scial media platfrms. On Twitter, many netizens said “nice”, “best phne ever” and “my favrite ne” n Huawei’s Twitter accunt. Sme netizens in cuntries like the UK, the Netherlands and Argentina asked when Huawei’s new devices wuld be released in their cuntries.
1.Hw did custmers react t Apple’s new prduct?
A.They thught it was cl t use it.
B.They std in lng lines t purchase it.
C.They thught its quality was wrse than befre.
D.They were less interested in it than frmer years.
2.In what aspect is Mate better than iPhne 11 accrding t paragraph 2?
A.The price and the weight.
B.The appearance and the speed.
C.The quality and innvatin.
D.The service life and functin.
3.What des the underlined wrd “pll” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Stre.B.Vte.C.Accunt.D.Exam.
4.The main idea f this passage may be________.
A.A New Era — 5GB.Huawei Is Better than Apple
C.Apple’s New iPhne 11D.Huawei’s Mate 30 Defeats iPhne11
六、
China's histric 23-day Chang'e 5 missin has nt nly btained precius rck and sil samples frm the mn, but has als brught back a grup f seeds that traveled the furthest in the natin's agricultural and frestry histries. Mre than 30 kinds f seeds, including that f rice, ats etc., were placed inside the multi-mdule Chang'e 5 spacecraft and rbited arund the mn fr abut 15 days.
Scientists wished t check what wuld happen t the seeds after being expsed t extraterrestrial (地外的) frces in lunar rbit and als hped that they culd develp beneficial mutatins (突变). This missin ffered gd pprtunities t scientists, which enabled them t deepen their studies n the effect f csmic rays n the grwth and evlutin f life n Earth.
Space-based mutatin breeding refers t the prcess f expsing seeds t frces such as micrgravity, vacuums and csmic radiatin during a spaceflight and then sending them back t Earth fr further bservatin and planting. Researchers bserve and examine several generatins f plants grwn frm space-bred seeds and investigate their mutatins-sme are psitive and desirable while thers are negative. Thse with psitive mutatins will be kept and analyzed, and will be intrduced t farmers after their certificatin and apprval.
Space breeding can generate mutatins faster and mre cnveniently than grund- based experiments and can bring abut sme desirable traits that are therwise hard t intrduce. Cmpared with natural r cnventinally bred types f plants, space-develped versins with psitive mutatins usually feature higher nutritinal cntent, greater annual yields, shrter grwth perids and better resistance t diseases and insect pests.
China cnducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite t carry seeds int space. Since then, hundreds f kinds f seeds and seedlings have traveled with dzens f Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been apprved fr large-scale cultivatin, ranging frm grains t vegetables and fruits. The Chang'e 5 rbtic missin returned 1, 731 grams f lunar rck and sil t Earth, marking a histric accmplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back.
1.Why were the seeds placed inside Chang'e 5?
A.T pick ut the fittest fr mutatins.
B.T understand extraterrestrial frces.
C.T study the intensity f csmic rays.
D.T expse them t a special envirnment.
2.What d we knw abut space-based mutatin breeding?
A.It is nt a time-cnsuming prcess.
B.Mutatins develp in a randm way.
C.It ften brings abut desirable effects.
D.Apprval will be granted t mutated plants.
3.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A.It is a custm t put seedlings n a spacecraft.
B.China was the first t d a space breeding experiment.
C.It is sme time since seeds were last taken int space.
D.Space breeding has brught us cmmercial benefits.
4.What is the best title f the passage?
A.Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances
B.Chang’e 5 Returns with a Big Package
C.Plant Mutatins Result in a Better Life
D.Seeds frm Space Mark a New Histry
答案以及解析
一、答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.A
二、答案：1-4 BADB
解析：1.根据第一段中的"launch the wrld's first artificial mn"可知，这是世界上第一个人造月亮，故排除A项；C项中的"first man-made bject"与原文不符；根据第一段中的" with urban illuminatin（照明）at night. China plans t put an artificial mn in rbit abve Chengdu..."可知，这个月亮是给成都市区以及周围提供照明，由此可知，这样做可以节约用电，是一种环保方式。故正确答案为B。
2.根据下文" is predicted t be eight times brighter."和"The artificial mn might replace sme streetlights in the urban area."可知，这颗人造月亮是作为光源来使用，是让其弥补没有月亮出来的夜晚。故正确答案为A。
3.根据第三段中的"Hwever，less light frm it will reach the grund if the sky is dark with cluds."可知，如果天空乌云密布，那么人造月亮照射到地面的光线就会减少。故正确答案为D。
4.根据第四段中的" three mns in 2022 will be the real deal with great cmmercial ptential."可知，2022年的三个人造月亮将会具有巨大商业潜力；最后一段中谈到俄罗斯、美国、日本、欧洲国家等都在开展空间能源应用项目的技术。由此可知，人造月亮将来市场很好。故正确答案为B。
三、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第四段中"Fr captive pandas, it is imprtant fr their daily feeding schedules, family backgrund and data management.(对于被圈养的熊猫来说,这对它们的日常喂养计划、家庭背景和数据管理都很重要)"可知,识别圈养大熊猫个体很重要是因为这有助于进一步的研究和数据管理。
2.细节理解题。根据第六段中的"because wild pandas tend t live alne, deep in the muntains, and their living envirnment is vast(因为野生大熊猫往往是独居的,生活在山区,而且它们的生存环境非常广阔)"可知,B项不是其原因,所以选择 B项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第五段的最后一句可知,现在依然很难去判断熊猫的年龄,性别,健康以及数量信息。故选择B项。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Using the databank, researchers have started a facial recgnitin app that can accurately recgnize captive pandas by analyzing and cmparing the unique features f panda faces."可知,熊猫数据库是熊猫识别应用程序正常运行的必要条件。
四、答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.D
五、答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
六、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Scientists wished t check what wuld happen t the seeds after being expsed t extraterrestrial frce in lunar rbit and als hped that they culd develp beneficial mutatins. 可知,科学家们希望能弄清楚,在月球轨道暴露在地外引力下,种子会发生什么,并希望它们能产生有益的突变。D项 T expse them t a special envirnment 意为“为了把它们暴露在一个特殊的环境中”,符合题意。故正确答案为D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 Researchers bserve and examine several generatins f plants grwn frm space-bred seeds and investigate mutatins—sme are psitive and desirable while thers are negative. 可知,研究人员观察和研究了几代从太空培育的种子生长而来的植物,并研究了突变的情况——有一些积极的,值得的,而另一些是消极的。B项 Mutatins develp in a randm way 意为“突变是随机的”,符合题意。故正确答案为B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句 Space breeding has helped t prduce m than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been apprved fr large-scientificcultivatin, ranging frm grains t vegetables and fruits. 可知,空间育种已在我国培育出200多种新品种的转基因植物,这些变异植物已被批准进行大规模科学栽培,从谷物到蔬菜和水果。由此可知,同时带来的应该还有经济效益,D项 Space breeding has brught us cmmercial benefits 意为“太空育种给我们带来了商业利益”,符合语境。故正确答案为D。
4.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了空间育种的相关知识——从嫦娥五号携带种子到种子在地外空间如何突变,再到研究人员如何挑选有益突变的种子并大规模种植,以此获得经济效益。A项 Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances 意为“太空培育种子提供大机遇”,符合题意。故正确答案为A。