2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧08观点态度推理与确定含解析202103052153

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧08观点态度推理与确定含解析202103052153，共13页。
【真题再现】(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D) 主题语境：环境保护
We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur eq \a\vs4\al(wrn) technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (装置) well after they g ut f style. That's bad news fr the envirnment—and ur wallets—as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk eq \a\vs4\al(tracked) the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life—frm when its minerals are mined t when we stp using the device. This methd prvided a readut fr hw hme energy use has eq \a\vs4\al(evlved) since the early 1990s. Devices were eq \a\vs4\al(gruped) by generatin. Desktp cmputers, basic mbile phnes, and bx­set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived n the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phnes, and LCD TVs entered hmes in 2002, befre tablets and e­readers shwed up in 2007.
As we accumulated mre devices, hwever, we didn't thrw ut ur ld nes. “The living­rm televisin is replaced and gets eq \a\vs4\al(planted) in the kids' rm, and suddenly ne day, yu have a TV in every rm f the huse，” said ne researcher. The average number f electrnic devices rse frm fur per eq \a\vs4\al(husehld) in 1992 t 13 in 2007. We're nt just keeping these ld devices—we cntinue t use them. Accrding t the analysis f Babbitt's team, ld desktp eq \a\vs4\al(mnitrs) and bx TVs with cathde ray tubes are the wrst devices with their energy eq \a\vs4\al(cnsumptin) and cntributin t greenhuse gas emissins (排放) mre than eq \a\vs4\al(dubling) during the 1992 t 2007 windw.
S what's the slutin (解决方案)? The team's data nly went up t 2007,
but the researchers als explred what wuld happen if cnsumers replaced ld prducts with new electrnics that serve mre than ne functin, such as a tablet fr wrd prcessing and TV viewing. They fund that mre n­demand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.
1.What des the authr eq \a\vs4\al(think f new devices)？
A. They are envirnment­friendly.
B. They are n better than the ld.
C. They cst mre t use at hme.
D. They g ut f style quickly.
2.Why did eq \a\vs4\al(Babbitt's team cnduct the research)？
A. T reduce the cst f minerals.
B. T test the life cycle f a prduct.
C. T update cnsumers n new technlgy.
D. T find ut electricity cnsumptin f the devices.
3.Which f the fllwing uses the least energy?
A. The bx­set TV.B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.D. The desktp cmputer.
4.What des the text suggest peple d abut ld electrnic devices?
A. Stp using them.B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.
答案与解析：1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A
1.第一段最后一句提出旧设备比新设备更消耗能力，由此可知正确选项。
2.第二段第一句就点出了该团队的研究目的。
3.根据文章主旨(新设备消耗能源少)，结合尾段最后一句可知正确答案。
4.根据主旨“新电子设备比旧电子设备环保”，结合最后一段的解决方案，即可得出答案。
【技巧释义】分析措辞确定观点态度
►速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象
as引导的从句是主题句，说明旧设备要比新设备更消耗能量。(可解第1题)
►速读全文查找说明顺序和方法
本文以提出现象→分析现象→提出解决办法的顺序呈现。
①第2段说明研究人员的研究目的和对电子产品的时代分类(可解第2题)
②第3段说明研究人员对新旧电子产品耗能和温室气体排放的分析(可解第3题)
►提出解决方法
研究人员对利用新设备耗能的探索结果(可解第4题)
►微技能 观点态度题
定位相关表感情色彩的词语和句子，推断作者观点和态度
【词汇积累】
evlve vi.&vt.逐步形成；逐渐演变
husehld n.家庭
cnsumptin n.消耗；消费
utdated adj.过时的
grup vt.将……分类
plant vt.稳固地放置
mnitr n.显示器，监测仪
track vt.追踪；记录
duble vi.加倍
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
Mdeste Trare has lived his whle life near Lake Wegnia, in the Sahel area f Mali. The lake’s fish have prvided him with a way t earn mney t supprt his extended family. Hw-ever, because he can’t catch enugh fish t feed his family, he nw raises farm animals. But as temperatures rise, evapratin increases, making the bdy f water shrinks. Studies have linked rising temperatures n Earth’s surface t climate change.
The lake is shrinking, s are the chances f his children becming fishermen. “If things g n like this, I dn’t think ur children can becme fishermen like us. They will have t chse ther jbs,” the 56-year-ld Trare said. “During the rainy seasn, there is a lt f water but as sn as it’s ver, there is n water left in the lake. We are fishermen. I dn’t think ur children will be,” he said.
Lake Wegnia is in the Sahel regin f Kulikr, arund 120 kilmeters nrth f Mali’s capital, Bamak. Sme 12,000 peple, including fishermen and farmers, depend n it fr fd, water and emplyment. But the lake has shrunk by 20 percent since 2017.
The UN expects temperatures there t increase 1.5 times higher than the average increase wrldwide. UN fficials nte that the flding and a severe lack f rainfall can cause prblems in the Sahel: Fd insecurity, the fight ver farmland and the fast ppulatin grwth can lead t cnflict.
Aid grup is leading the Ec-Lac Wegnia prject. The grup is wrking t imprve water management and fight the effects f glbal warming. Mussa Savagd is Ec-Lac Wegnia’s lcal representative. He says that failing t make changes quickly can mean the lake will disappear cmpletely in less than 5 years.
Peple in the rural areas Wegnia and Knni-Sirakr have planted 56,000 trees in the past tw years. And they are better cntrlling their water by building stne barriers t help the sil keep the rain that des fall. The prgress and internatinal fficial supprt are nt enugh fr them, hwever. Mre and mre peple are turning t ther agriculture.
1.Hw did Trare wrk t supprt his family in the past?
A.By fishing.B.By raising farm animals.
C.By taking charge f the lake.D.By wrking as an envirnmentalist.
2.What effect will the current trend f the lake have accrding t Trare?
A.A lt f farmland will frm.
B.The rainy seasn will end early.
C.Many fishermen will flee their hmes.
D.The later generatin will change their careers.
3.Which statement d the UN and Aid grup agree with?
A.Drught and fld will directly cause cnflict.
B.Reducing ppulatin is a way t prtect the lake.
C.Water management makes n difference t the lake.
D.The rise in temperature will cause water resurce prblems.
4.What des the underlined wrd “they” in the last paragraph refer t?
A.The lcal fficials.B.The Aid grup members.
C.The villagers.D.The representatives.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是说明文。马里不断缩小的湖泊意味着渔民家庭的末日。随着气温升高和蒸发的增加，水体萎缩导致湖泊逐渐缩小，渔民的孩子成为渔民的机会也在减少。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段 “The lake’s fish have prvided him with a way t earn mney t supprt his extended family. Hw-ever, because he can’t catch enugh fish t feed his family, he nw raises farm animals.”（湖中的鱼为他提供了赚钱养家的途径。然而，由于他捕不到足够的鱼来养活家人，他现在饲养农场动物。）可知，在过去，Trare靠捕鱼养家。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中 “ ‘If things g n like this, I dn’t think ur children can becme fishermen like us. They will have t chse ther jbs,’ he 56-year-ld Trare said.”（“如果这样下去，我想我们的孩子可能成为不了我们这样的渔民了。他们将不得不选择其他工作，”56岁的特拉奥雷说。）可知，下一代人将会选择其他的职业。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段 “UN fficials nte that the flding and a severe lack f rainfall can cause prblems in the Sahel: Fd insecurity, the fight ver farmland and the fast ppulatin grwth can lead t cnflict.”（联合国官员指出，洪水和严重缺雨会给萨赫勒地区带来问题：粮食不安全、农田争夺和人口快速增长都可能导致冲突。）可知，可知温度上升会导致水资源的问题。故选D。
4.词句猜测题。根据上文“Peple in the rural areas Wegnia and Knni-Sirakr have planted 56,000 trees in the past tw years.”（在Wegnia和Knni-Sirakr农村地区的人们在过去两年里种植了56000棵树。）以及下文“Mre and mre peple are turning t ther agriculture.”（ 越来越多的人转向其他农业。）可知这里指的是这些村民通过建造石头屏障来使土壤保持雨水，从而更好地控制水分。所以they指的是村民。故选C。
2
Bredm is smething t experience. If kids dn't figure this ut early n, they're in fr an unpleasant surprise. Schl, let's face it, can be dull and it isn't actually the teacher's jb t entertain as well as educate. -
In a much-read stry, The Relentlessness f Mdem Parenting, Claire Cain Miller referred t a recent study that fund regardless f class, incme r race, parents believed that "children wh were bred after schl shuld take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents wh were busy shuld stp their task and draw with their children if asked."
Parents preparing fr a lng car ride are like army fficers planning a cmplex land maneuver（(演 习)）with the help f games and mvies played n iPad and smartphnes. What did parents in the 1970s d when kids were bred? Nthing! They let them breathe in gas fumes. And since it wasn't actually fr wearing, play with the brken safety belt. If yu cmplained abut being bred back then, yu were really asking fr it. "Clean yur rm," yu might get. Was this fun? N. Was it helpful? Yes.
Because things happen when yu're bred. Sme f the mst bring jbs I've had were als the mst creative. While checking ut fd at the supermarket, I invented stries abut peple's purchases. The man buying eggplant and a six-pack f beer at 9 p.m.: Which was the must-get thing and which the impulse purchase? Hw did my frmer fifth-grade teacher feel abut my bserving her weekly purchase f ckies?
The ability t handle bredm, nt surprisingly, is assciated with the ability t fcus. Research has shwn that peple with attentin disrders are particularly pr in handling bredm.
It's especially imprtant that kids get bred and be allwed t stay bred when they be yung. It shuldn't be cnsidered "a prblem" t be avided r remved by the higher-ups, but instead smething kids handle n their wn. We've stpped training children t d this. Rather than teach them t understand material that is duller, teachers spend mre time inventing ways t "attract" students. But surely teaching children t stand bredm will prepare them fr a mre realistic future.
5.What is the finding f the study mentined by Claire Cain Miller?
A.Schl kids find it hard t stand bredm.
B.Peple are t busy t draw with their kids.
C.Extracurricular activities are gaining ppularity.
D.Parents are trying their best t make their kids have fun.
6.What did parents in the 1970s usually d when kids were bred n a lng car ride?
A.They played with them.
B.They left them alne.
C.They tld them abut famus mvies.
D.They asked them t pay attentin t safety.
7.Why des the authr share her experience at the supermarket?
A.T shw custmers' purchasing habits.
B.T shw what a difficult life she was living.
C.T shw bredm and jbs g hand in hand.
D.T shw the link between bredm and creativity.
8.What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A.Kids have enugh funB.Life is a bring jurney
C.Let kids get bred againD.Turn bredm int entertainment
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述实验和自身经历说明需要教会孩子们忍受无聊。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“children wh were bred after schl shuld take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents wh were busy shuld stp their task and draw with their children if asked”（放学后感到无聊的孩子应该参加课外活动，而忙碌的家长如果被要求，应该停下手中的工作，和孩子一起画画）可知，Claire Cain Miller提及的研究发现父母尽他们最大的努力让他们的孩子有乐趣。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句第三句“What did parents in the 1970s d when kids were bred? Nthing! ”（上世纪70年代，当孩子们无聊时，父母们会做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世纪70年代父母在孩子们无聊时不会管他们。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句第二句“Because things happen when yu're bred. Sme f the mst bring jbs I've had were als the mst creative. ”（因为当你无聊的时候，事情就会发生。我所做过的一些最无聊的工作却也是最有创造力的。）可知，作者分享自己在超市的经历的目的是展示无聊和创造力之间的联系。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后两句“Rather than teach them t understand material that is duller, teachers spend mre time inventing ways t "attract" students. But surely teaching children t stand bredm will prepare them fr a mre realistic future.”（老师们花更多的时间发明方法来“吸引”学生，而不是教他们去理解那些枯燥无味的材料。但毫无疑问，教会孩子们忍受无聊会让他们为更现实的未来做好准备。）可知，本文的主要意图是提倡教会孩子们忍受无聊。所以短文的最佳标题为“许孩子们感到无聊”。故选C。
3
U. S. cherries, watermelns and sme ther summertime favrites may depend n wild bees mre than previusly thught.
Many farms in the United States use managed hneybees t pllinate (授粉) crps and increase the ttal amunt f crps, smetimes trucking beehives (蜂箱) frm farm t farm. Nw an analysis f seven crps acrss Nrth America shws that wild bees can play a rle in crp pllinatin t, even n cnventinal farms with managed hneybees. Wild vlunteers add at least $1.5 billin in ttal t the harvest fr six f the crps, a new study estimates.
“T me, the big surprise was that we fund s many wild bees even in intense prductin areas where much f the prduce in the USA is grwn, says Rachael Winfree, a pllinatin eclgist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N. J.
That means threats t wild bees culd deplete prfits even when farms raise hneybees, the researchers reprted n July 29 in Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety. Bth hneybees, which aren’t native t the United States, and wild pllinatrs such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (杀虫剂).
T see what, if anything, wild native bee species cntribute, researchers checked bee visits t flwers at 131 cmmercial farm fields acrss the United States and part f Canada. On the ther hand, the researchers als calculated t what extent the number f bee visits limited prductin. These intensive farms with plenty f fertilizer, water and ther resurces ften shwed signs f reaching a pllinatr limit, meaning fields didn’t have enugh hneybees t get the maximum prductin, and vlunteer wild bees were adding t the ttal. Then the team estimated what percentage f the prductin native bees were adding — versus just ding what hneybees wuld have dne anyway.
“Wild bees dn’t seem t help Califrnia’s rchards (果园)，but based n rchards in Michigan and Pennsylvania, sme $ 1. 06 billin f apples depends n native pllinatrs,” the researchers say. Watermelns, particularly in Flrida, get an estimated $146 millin benefit, and sweet cherries $ 145 millin.
9.Why are the wild bees imprtant t the crps accrding t the text?
A.It helps t pllinate and imprve the crps utput.
B.It is helpful t raise managed hneybees.
C.It is helpful t maintain healthy ecsystem.
D.It helps t prtect native bee species.
10.What des the underlined wrd “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Pursue.B.Make.C.Keep.D.Reduce.
11.Why did researchers check bee visits t flwers?
A.T wrk ut the number f wild native bees.
B.T make it clear why fields dn’t have enugh bees.
C.T shw hw imprtant the managed bees are t intensive farms.
D.T figure ut what wild native bees benefit farm utput.
12.What is the purpse f the text?
A.T draw peple’s attentin t farm utput.
B.T discuss why bees can increase the harvest.
C.T shw wild bees may cntribute t the crp harvest.
D.T intrduce hw hney bees and wild bees pllinate crps.
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献。
9.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nw an analysis f seven crps acrss Nrth America shws that wild bees can play a rle in crp pllinatin t, even n cnventinal farms with managed hneybees. Wild vlunteers add at least $1.5 billin in ttal t the harvest fr six f the crps, a new study estimates.（现在，一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元。）”可知，野蜂对农作物很重要，因为它有助于授粉和提高作物产量。故选A项。
10.词句猜测题。第二段说一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元，再根据画线词后的“ Bth hneybees, which aren’t native t the United States, and wild pllinatrs such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (杀虫剂).”可知，非美国本土的蜜蜂和大黄蜂等野生授粉者都面临着包括杀虫剂在内的危险，由讲述非美国本土的蜜蜂和野生传粉者面临杀虫剂在内的危险，这种威胁自然会减少利润，由此可知画线词词义为为“减少，消耗”。故选D项。
11.细节理解题。根据第五段中“T see what, if anything, wild native bee species cntribute, researchers checked bee visits t flwers at 131 cmmercial farm fields acrss the United States and part f Canada.（为了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有贡献，研究人员在美国和加拿大部分地区的131个商业农场中检查了蜜蜂到访花卉的情况。）”可知，研究人员要检查蜜蜂到访花丛的情况，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂对农场产出有什么好处。故选D项。
12.推理判断题。根据第二段中“ Nw an analysis f seven crps acrss Nrth America shws that wild bees can play a rle in crp pllinatin t, even n cnventinal farms with managed hneybees. Wild vlunteers add at least $1.5 billin in ttal t the harvest fr six f the crps, a new study estimates.（现在，一项对北美7种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收获至少增加了15亿美元。）可知，文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能对农作物收成有贡献。故选C项。
4
Over the last 25 years, psychlgists have fund that persnalities center n five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, cnscientiusness (责任心), neurticism, extrversin and penness. Cntrary t cmmn belief, peple just aren’t rganized int certain persnality types. Every trait is a cntinuus dimensin and everyne can be described as having varying levels f each trait. A new research has als fund animals frm ants t apes all have the Big Five and that the universality f persnality pints t an evlutinary (进化) rigin.
Animals and humans have cmmn prblems f survival, which are spelled ut beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s s much cntinuity in human persnality and animal persnality. Fr example, cnscientiusness invlves behavirs like planning and cnsideratin, which are imprtant amng animals fr taking care f their yung, selecting mates and living in grups. Being neat and rderly — aspects f cnscientiusness-als has evlutinary superirity. Bees that like t keep clean and remve mre dead grup members reduce risk f disease, gain mre weight and reprduce mre Spiders that make tidy webs catch mre insects. Birds that build neater and slider nests attract mre mates.
These behavirs may seem primitive, but they’re nevertheless indicatins f persnality. Persnality is the expressin f all f the behavirs that humans and animals exhibit that allw them t functin adaptively in the wrld.
Evlutin can als explain why persnalities vary s much. Depending n the situatin, each f the Big Five can be advantageus. Fr example, agreeableness is great fr relatinships. But if a lin were charging at yu, yu’d be better ff with a less agreeable and mre aggressive persnality. Because the wrld is s unpredictable, every aspect f each persnality trait culd be useful at different times, s instead f evlving a single type f persnality that’s best fr every situatin, we’re left with a wide variety.
13.What d peple generally think abut persnality types?
A.Different persnality types have respective strengths.
B.Everyne falls int a particular persnality type.
C.Peple with cmmn persnality types gather,
D.Everyne has mixed persnality types.
14.What’s the purpse f mentining sme animals in Paragraph 2?
A.T illustrate the advantages f being cnscientius.
B.T analyze survival chances f cperative animals.
C.T explain why they are tidy and rderly.
D.T thrw new light n their behavir.
15.Why d we display a certain persnality in a specific situatin?
A.T be free f truble.
B.T be adaptive t circumstances.
C.T cmpete fr equal rights.
D.T gain advantages ver thers.
16.What des the text mainly fcus n?
A.Persnality and behavir.
B.Categries f Big Five.
C.Cntradictry facts n persnality.
D.Diversity and variability f persnality.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是说明文。在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性。研究还发现，从蚂蚁到猿类，所有动物都有大五人格，这种个性的普遍性指向了一个进化起源。每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性。
13.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Cntrary t cmmn belief, peple just aren’t rganized int certain persnality types. (与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B。
14.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Animals and humans have cmmn prblems f survival, which are spelled ut beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s s much cntinuity in human persnality and animal persnality. (动物和人类都有共同的生存问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人格具有如此多的连续性)及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它们的行为进行新的解释。故选A。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Depending n the situatin, each f the Big Five can be advantageus. Fr example, agreeableness is great fr relatinships. But if a lin were charging at yu, yu’d be better ff with a less agreeable and mre aggressive persnality. (视情况而定，大五类人格中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性)可推知，我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定的环境。故选B。
16.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Over the last 25 years, psychlgists have fund that persnalities center n five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, cnscientiusness (责任心), neurticism, extrversin and penness.(在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性)及最后一段中的Because the wrld is s unpredictable, every aspect f each persnality trait culd be useful at different times, s instead f evlving a single type f persnality that’s best fr every situatin, we’re left with a wide variety. (因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性)可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。故选D。
考情分析
这类试题常出现在环境保护类说明文中，此类文章往往是现象类说明文，这样的说明文主题句常位于首段首句。在阅读文章时应先确定说明文的顺序和方法，再浏览题干，结合题干要求在文中寻找答题线索，确定答案。
考查角度
常考查主旨大意题、观点态度题或写作意图题。