2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧05隐含信息的逻辑推理含解析202103052150

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧05隐含信息的逻辑推理含解析202103052150，共13页。


【真题再现】 (2019·北京高考·B) 主题语境：对社会有突出贡献的人
Alice Mre is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), wh in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her cmpany was wrth millins f dllars with the inventin f a super­sweet eq \a\vs4\al(treat) that culd save kids' teeth, instead f destrying them.
It all began when Mre visited a bank with her dad. On the uting, she was ffered a candy bar. Hwever, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad fr her teeth. But Mre was sick f eq \a\vs4\al(missing ut n) candies. S she desired t eq \a\vs4\al(get rund) the warning, “Why can't I make a healthy candy that's gd fr my teeth s that my parents can't say n t it？” With that in mind, Mre asked her dad if she culd start her wn candy cmpany. He recmmended that she d sme research and talk t dentists abut what a healthier candy wuld cntain.
With her dad's permissin, she spent the next tw years researching nline and cnducting trials t get a recipe that was bth tasty and eq \a\vs4\al(tth­friendly). She als apprached dentists t learn mre abut teeth cleaning. Cnsequently, she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.
Mre then used her savings t get her business ff the grund. Afterwards, she and her father eq \a\vs4\al(secured) their first business meeting with a supermarket wner, wh finally agreed t sell Mre's prduct—CanCandy.
As CanCandy's success grws, s des Mre's eq \a\vs4\al(credibility) as a yung entrepreneur. Mre is enthusiastic abut the candy she created, and she's als psitive abut what the future might bring. She hpes that every kid can have a clean muth and a eq \a\vs4\al(brad) smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Mre is generally able t live a nrmal teenage life. Althugh she funded her cmpany early n in life, she wasn't eq \a\vs4\al(driven) primarily by eq \a\vs4\al(prfit). Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles. She dnates 10% f AilieCandy's prfits t Big Smiles. With her talent and determinatin, it appears that the sky culd be the limit fr Alice Mre.
1.Hw did Mre eq \a\vs4\al(react t her dad's warning)？
A. She argued with him.B. She tried t find a way ut.
C. She paid n attentin.D. She chse t cnsult dentists.
2.What is eq \a\vs4\al(special) abut CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial t dental health.
B. It is free f sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than ther candies.
D. It is prduced t a dentists' recipe.
3.What des Mre eq \a\vs4\al(expect frm her business)？
A. T earn mre mney.
B. T help thers find smiles.
C. T make herself stand ut.
D. T beat ther candy cmpanies.
4.What can we eq \a\vs4\al(learn frm Alice Mre's stry)？
A. Fame is a great thirst f the yung.
B. A yuth is t be regarded with respect.
C. Psitive thinking and actin result in success.
D. Success means getting persnal desires satisfied.
【答案与解析】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C
1.由关键词“her dad's warning”定位到第二段第五句，可推出Mre想制造出对牙齿无害的糖果。
2.由第三段对糖果特点的描述可知答案。
3.由第五段最后一句可判断Mre对自己事业的期望。expect是原文hpes的同义替换。
4.由倒叙描写中的父亲提出警告→引发思考→做出努力→成功，不难推出正确答案。
【词汇积累】
prfit n.利润
tth­friendly adj.对牙无害的
credibility n.可信性
treat n.美味，难得的享受
secure vt.得到
brad adj.灿烂的
drive vt.驱使
miss ut n错过
get arund 克服(困难/问题)
get ff the grund开始获得成功；取得进展
【技巧释义】逻辑分析推断隐含信息
►叙述故事结果
研发成功糖果，成为年轻有为的创业者
►倒叙研发过程
①叙述研发糖果缘由(第2段)
父亲的警告引发Mre思考
②研发糖果所付出的努力和糖果特点(第3段)
关键词：tasty, tth­friendly, natural sweeteners, reduce ral bacteria(可解第2题)
父亲的警告(糖果对牙齿有害)→Mre不想没有糖果→想避开这个警告→开自己的糖果公司(可解第1题)
③父亲提供的帮助
助力Mre的公司成功(第4段)
►Mre的生活态度
利用自己独特的才能给他人带去快乐的决心(可解第3题)
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
If yu have spent any time reading papers n teaching strategies in the past few years, yu have prbably nticed a strng backlash against drill & practice, in favr f “cnstructivist activities” and “prject-based learning”.
Memrizing facts, many peple argue, is an utdated educatinal practice, since anyne culd just Ggle a fact n demand r lk it up n Wikipedia nwadays. They cnsider that we shuld fcus all schl activities n the acquisitin f skills as ppsed t knwledge.
Hwever, learning by rte (memrizatin by repetitin) is mre imprtant than yu think. There are many cases in which having knwledge immediately n the tip f yur tngue can have great scial and prfessinal value. Fr example, last night at a netwrking event, when I casually asked a Nigerian entrepreneur hw much f his business was cnducted in English versus in his native Yruba, he immediately became mre engaged in ur cnversatin. It was as if the simple fact that I knew that Yruba was spken in Nigeria wn his trust, and therefre built up ur relatinship.
The same ges fr prfessinal settings. If I am a pharmaceutical salesman talking t a dctr abut a specific digestin drug, and he asks if it has any effect n the prcess f peristalsis, it will lk quite unprfessinal if I have t pull ut my medical dictinary t lk up the wrd. I need t memrize thse facts s that I can access them immediately.
Of curse, mst cnstructivist educatrs will argue that n-the-jb training and prject-based learning are mre effective at learning new cncepts than rte memrizatin. The prblem is that n single cst-effective cnstructivist activity will guarantee that yu will be expsed t all the cncepts yu need, r that yu will fully remember the facts that yu are expsed t. If yu actually want t acquire a full range f knwledge abut a given tpic, the mst guaranteed and efficient way is t study deliberately using the time-hnred practice f repetitin—specifically cnfidence-based repetitin.
1.Which f the fllwing is the mst ppular teaching methd nw?
A.Drill & practice.B.Memrizing facts.
C.Cnstructivist activities.D.Cnfidence-based repetitin.
2.What des the underlined wrd “backlash” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Outdated idea.B.Negative reactin.
C.Educatinal standard.D.Official supprt.
3.Why is the authr’s cmmunicatin with a Nigerian entrepreneur mentined?
A.T shw the value f knwing abut Yruba.
B.T supprt his argument fr learning by rte.
C.T intrduce effective cmmunicatin skills.
D.T prve the pwer f having a wide range f knwledge.
4.What des the authr think abut prject-based learning?
A.It is f limited value in learning new cncepts.
B.It is an efficient way t learn a new cncept.
C.It shuld be cmbined with a full range f knwledge.
D.It will be replaced by the time-hnred practice f repetitin.
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文中作者主要就如今流行的一种强烈的反对练习和实践，支持“建构主义活动”和“基于项目的学习”的教学方式提出了自己的看法。作者认为死记硬背的学习方式仍然重要，同时指出了上述这两种教学方法存在的一些问题。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“If yu have spent any time reading papers n teaching strategies in the past few years, yu have prbably nticed a strng backlash against drill & practice, in favr f ‘cnstructivist activities’ and ‘prject-based learning’.(如果你在过去几年里花时间阅读过关于教学策略的论文，你可能已经注意到现在有一种强烈的反对练习和实践的思潮，它支持‘建构主义活动’和‘基于项目的学习’)”可知，建构主义活动是现在最流行的教学方法。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“against drill & practice, in favr f ‘cnstructivist activities’ and ‘prject-based learning’”可知，如今的一种思潮反对练习和实践的思潮，支持“建构主义活动”和“基于项目的学习”，即画线词意思为“反对”与B选项意思最为接近。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, learning by rte (memrizatin by repetitin) is mre imprtant than yu think. ”可推知，作者提到与尼日利亚企业家的交流，是为了支持他通过死记硬背学习的观点。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of curse, mst cnstructivist educatrs will argue that n-the-jb training and prject-based learning are mre effective at learning new cncepts than rte memrizatin. ...”可推知，作者认为基于项目的学习在学习新概念方面的价值是有限的。故选A。
2
Sme peple asked me hw I culd suggest the expenses f billins f dllars fr a vyage t Mars, at a time when many children n this Earth are starving t death. I knw that they d nt expect an answer such as "Oh, I did nt knw that there are children dying frm hunger, but frm nw n I will stp any kind f space research until mankind has slved that prblem! "In fact, I have knwn f this lng befre.
But I firmly believe that by wrking fr the space prgram we can make sme cntributins t the relief and eventual slutin f such serius prblems as pverty and hunger n the earth. Tw basic factrs causing the pverty and hunger prblems are the prductin f fd and the distributin（分布）f fd. In fact, large areas f land culd be used far better if efficient methds f farming, fertilizer use, weather frecasting, field sectin, planting, crp surveys, harvest planning and s n were applied. The best tl fr the imprvement f all these methds undubtedly is the artificial. Earth satellite Circling the glbe at a high altitude, it can screen wide areas f land with a shrt time; it can bserve and measure a large variety f factrs indicating the status and cnditin f crps, sil, drughts, rainfall, snw cver, etc.
Besides, in mdern sciety, there is a cntinuing great need fr new basic knwledge in science if we wish t imprve the cnditins f human life n the earth. We need mre knwledge in physics and chemistry, in bilgy and physilgy, and particularly in medicine t cpe with all these prblems which threaten man's life: hunger, disease, verppulatin, pllutin f water and the envirnment. In a way, the space age nt nly hlds ut a mirrr in which we can see urselves, it als prvides us with the technlgies.
5.The passage is mainly discussing abut .
A.whether the children's dying frm hunger is the majr prblem
B.whether there is an effective way t avid the glbal starvatin
C.whether the authr's suggestin has been taken int serius cnsideratin
D.whether it is wrth spending much mney n the space research
6.Accrding t the authr, what plays an imprtant part in dealing with pverty and hunger?
A.Fd supply.B.Methds f farming.
C.GvernmentD.Mdern technlgy.
7.Frm the last paragraph, we can infer that .
A.mre basic knwledge is required t be learned
B.technlgies can help t imprve ur living quality
C.we can live a mre peaceful and happier life
D.there are different views n the space age
【答案】5.D 6.A 7.B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。当世界上许多孩子正面临着饥饿的时候,是否应该花巨资进行太空研究呢“对这一问题,作者在本篇文章指出造成贫困和饥饿，并说明了进行太空探索的必要性。
5.主旨大意题。文章第1段中，作者在深知在地球上仍有大量儿童死于饥饿的今天，仍坚持认为应将大量的经费用于太空探索；根据第二段中But I firmly believe that by wrking fr the space prgram we can make sme cntributins t the relief and eventual slutin f such serius prblems as pverty and hunger n the earth.（但是我坚信，通过为太空项目而努力，我们可以为缓解并最终解决地球上贫穷和饥饿等严重问题做出一些贡献。）可知本段内容是作者在详细阐述太空项目如何帮助解决地球上的贫穷和饥饿等问题；根据第3段第一句Besides, in mdern sciety, there is a cntinuing great need fr new basic knwledge in science if we wish t imprve the cnditins f human life n the earth.（此外，在现代社会中，如果我们想要改善地球上人类生活的条件，就会持续地需要新的科学基础知识。）和最后一句中the space age als prvides us with the technlgies.（它还为我们提供技术。）可知，太空技术能提供改善地球人类生活条件所必须的新技术。综上所述，文章主要在讨论一个问题，即把更多的金钱花费在探索太空方面是否值得。故选D。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中Tw basic factrs causing the pverty and hunger prblems are the prductin f fd and the distributin（分布）f fd.（造成贫穷和饥饿问题的两个基本因素是粮食生产和粮食分配。）可知在处理贫困和饥饿中起重要作用的是食物的供给。故选A项。
7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的in mdern sciety, there is a cntinuing great need fr new basic knwledge in science if we wish t imprve the cnditins f human life n the earth. （在现代社会，如果我们想要改善地球上人类生活的条件，就会持续地需要新的科学基础知识）可知，新的科学基础知识可以让我们改善生活质量。而新的科学基础知识又可以产生新科技，所以可推断，科技可以改善我们的生活质量。故选B。
3
Grwing up, we are cnstantly reminded that yung peple are heavily affected by technlgy. We are the “antiscial club”, thse wh prefer t text ur friends in the same rm rather than make eye cntact with them. And even thugh never-ending studies reveal t us the extent f ur scial media addictin, we shuld at least cnsider that it’s nt nly ur yung peple’s prblem any mre.
There’s the rise f the Instagram mums, wh like t pst an abundance f cute baby pictures, share their mm feelings alng the way and shw their wnderful lifestyles. They are the s-called “Facebk mum generatin”, a grwing grup f parents that like t vershare.
While all f this might be fine, and even a little humrus, new research suggests that parents’ technlgy addictin is negatively affecting their children’s behavir. Accrding t the study, 40% f mthers and 32% f fathers have admitted having sme srt f phne addictin. This has led t a significant fall in verbal interactins within families and even a decline in mthers’ encuraging their children.
There is n denying that I get annyed when receiving the wrds “I’ll be with yu sn” frm a parent, when all I want t d is ask ne questin. But, at the same time, every day leaving the rm t wait until my father is finished with his “serius business” (Farmville), has nw becme the nrm. Whether yu want t escape yur disturbing children fr a bit, r want t stay up late flicking thrugh Twitter, knw that wanting t d all f these is nrmal. We, yur children, knw hw addictive it can be and hw difficult it is t switch ff. But befre telling us t put ur phnes away at the table r even wrse, listing statistics f hw damaging scial media can be fr us, maybe lead by example, cnsidering hw much time yu spend n the phne and hw this is impacting yur children and yur relatinship with us. Maybe in this way we can wrk n ur addictin tgether.
8.Frm Paragraph 1, we can knw that teenagers nwadays ________.
A.enjy scializing with their friendsB.send messages t their friends every day
C.hate t make eye cntact with their friendsD.are heavily addicted t their mbile phnes
9.What des the authr think f mums’ versharing?
A.Bring.B.Selfish.C.Funny.D.Meaningful.
10.The underlined wrd “nrm” in Paragraph 4 prbably means ________.
A.securityB.standardC.rutineD.custm
11.What’s the main purpse f the article?
A.T share the authr’s wn experience with the readers.
B.T call n parents t get rid f their wn media addictin.
C.T reveal that parents are always addicted t mbile phnes.
D.T shw the authr’s dissatisfactin with parents’ phne use.
【答案】8.D 9.C 10.C 11.B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。如今青少年有严重沉迷手机的现象，但新的研究表明，父母对科技产品的沉迷会对孩子的行为产生负面影响。这导致家庭内部语言交流的显著减少，甚至母亲鼓励孩子的次数也减少了。因此作者呼吁家长们摆脱对手机的沉迷。
8.细节理解题。根据第一段“Grwing up, we are cnstantly reminded that yung peple are heavily affected by technlgy. We are the ‘antiscial club’, thse wh prefer t text ur friends in the same rm rather than make eye cntact with them. And even thugh never-ending studies reveal t us the extent f ur scial media addictin, we shuld at least cnsider that it’s nt nly ur yung peple’s prblem any mre.(在成长的过程中，我们经常被提醒，年轻人深受科技的影响。我们是‘反社交俱乐部’，那些宁愿在同一个房间里给朋友发短信，也不愿和他们进行眼神交流的人。尽管永无止境的研究向我们揭示了我们对社交媒体上瘾的程度，但我们至少应该考虑到，这不再是年轻人的问题)”可知，如今的青少年严重沉迷于他们的手机。故选D。
9.推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s the rise f the Instagram mums, wh like t pst an abundance f cute baby pictures, share their mm feelings alng the way and shw their wnderful lifestyles. They are the s-called ‘Facebk mum generatin’, a grwing grup f parents that like t vershare.( Instagram上的妈妈们越来越多，她们喜欢上传大量可爱宝宝的照片，一边分享妈妈的感受，一边展示自己美好的生活方式。她们就是所谓的‘脸书妈妈一代’，这是一个越来越多的喜欢过度分享的父母群体)”以及第三段“While all f this might be fine, and even a little humrus”（虽然这一切可能都很好，甚至有点可笑）可推知，作者认为妈妈们的过度分享是滑稽可笑的，其中humrus是关键词，故选C。
10.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Whether yu want t escape yur disturbing children fr a bit, r want t stay up late flicking thrugh Twitter, knw that wanting t d all f these is nrmal.(不管你是想逃离孩子们的打扰，还是想熬夜浏览推特，你都要知道想做这些是很正常的)”可知，每天离开房间等待父亲做完 "正经事"（Farmville），现在已经成了一种常态。故画线词意思是“惯例，常规”。A. security安全；B. standard标准；C. rutine惯例；D. custm习俗。故选C。
11.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But befre telling us t put ur phnes away at the table r even wrse, listing statistics f hw damaging scial media can be fr us, maybe lead by example, cnsidering hw much time yu spend n the phne and hw this is impacting yur children and yur relatinship with us. Maybe in this way we can wrk n ur addictin tgether.( 但是，在告诉我们把手机收起来放在桌子上，或者更糟糕的是，列出社交媒体对我们有多大伤害的统计数据之前，也许可以以身作则，考虑一下你花在手机上的时间有多长，这对你的孩子以及你和我们的关系有什么影响。也许通过这种方式，我们可以一起努力解决我们的成瘾问题)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁家长们摆脱对媒体的沉迷。故选B。
4
The human brain remembers negative experiences mre easily than psitive nes. Our brains have develped in this way because threats, like dangerus animal, have a mre immediate effect n peple's survival cmpared t psitive things like fd r shelter. As a result, yu clearly knw what makes yu unhappy, but d yu knw what makes yu happy?
Research suggests that ur level f happiness is partly shaped by the chices we make. If yu've been chasing wealth, fame, pwer and sme material things, yu may be lking fr happiness in the wrng places. Psychlgists suggest that the fllwing habits can make peple happier.
Peple wh wn clse relatinships tend t be happier than thse wh d nt. The number f ur friends is nt imprtant. What matters is the quality f ur relatinships. Relatinships that bring happiness usually cnsist f the sharing f feelings, acceptance, mutual respect and trust.
Peple wh exercise regularly can imprve bth their physical and mental well-being. Sme research has shwn that exercise can be as effective as sme medicine in treating depressin.
If we are s interested in an activity, we may lse track f time, and we can be in a state f flw. The activity culd be playing the pian, surfing the Internet r playing a game. Peple wh experience flw in their wrk r life tend t be happier.
Peple are mre likely t be happy if they knw what their strengths are and can use them regularly. Peple are especially happy when they can set gals and use their strengths t achieve them.
Peple, wh think psitively by being grateful, mindful and ptimistic, are mre likely t be happy. Being grateful means being thankful. Being mindful means cnsidering, fcusing n, and enjying the experiences f the present mment. Being ptimistic means being hpeful abut the future.
12.Human brains remember negative things mre easily because negative things_________.
A.tend t affect human survival immediately
B.are much mre imprtant than ther thing
C.can make peple live much happier
D.are easy t remember
13.Accrding t this passage, peple may find happiness in______________
A.being famusB.setting life gals
C.chasing pwerD.earning mney
14.In the last paragraph, the authr tries t tell us t____________.
A.think mre abut ur future
B.fcus n everything in ur life
C.be psitive in ur life and wrk
D.nly enjy the present mment
15.What des the passage mainly want t tell us?
A.Why peple remember psitive things easily.
B.Why peple remember negative things easily.
C.What makes peple happy.
D.What makes peple sad.
【答案】12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章作者介绍了生活中的哪些事情可以让我们快乐，同时告诉我们应该积极地对待生活和工作。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段“The human brain remembers negative experiences mre easily than psitive nes. Our brains have develped in this way because threats, like dangerus animals, have a mre immediate effect n peple’s survival cmpared t psitive things like fd r shelter.”（人类的大脑比起积极的记忆更容易记住消极的经历。我们的大脑之所以以这种方式发展，是因为威胁，比如危险的动物，比食物或住所等积极的东西对人类的生存有更直接的影响）可知人脑更容易记住消极的东西是因为消极的事情往往会立即影响人类的生存。故选A。
13.细节理解题。由文章第六段“Peple are especially happy when they can set gals and use their strengths t achieve them.”（当人们能够设定目标并利用自己的优势去实现目标时，他们会特别开心。）可知人们在设置生活目标的时候可能会发现快乐。故选B项。
14.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Peple, wh think psitively by being grateful, mindful and ptimistic, are mre likely t be happy. Being grateful means being thankful. Being mindful means cnsidering, fcusing n, and enjying the experiences f the present mment. Being ptimistic means being hpeful abut the future.”（通过感恩、留心和乐观积极思考的人更有可能快乐。感谢意味着感恩。正念意味着思考、专注并享受当下的经历。乐观意味着对未来充满希望。）可知，最后一段作者讲述积极乐观的人感恩，专注，乐观，更容易快乐。故选C项。
15.主旨大意题。根据第一段“As a result, yu clearly knw what makes yu unhappy, but d yu knw what makes yu happy?”（因此，你清楚地知道什么使你不快乐，但你知道什么使你快乐吗?）结合下文，作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的方式，如建立亲密关系，锻炼，感恩，专注，乐观积极的生活态度等。所以文章主要告诉我们什么会让我们感觉到快乐，故选C项。
考情分析
人物故事类记叙文通过叙述有意义的小故事介绍某人的事迹，多按照时间先后顺序进行叙述，偶尔也有倒叙或插叙的情况，倒叙是为突出某个重要的表现，中心思想的部分并将其提到前面叙述，然后再按事件原来的发展顺序叙述。
考查角度
常考查隐含推断题，细节理解题，有时也考查人物性格题。