2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧14短语含义的获取策略含解析202103052159

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧14短语含义的获取策略含解析202103052159，共13页。

【真题再现】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：公益事业与志愿服务
“Yu can use me as a last resrt (选择), and if nbdy else vlunteers, then I will d it.” This was an actual reply frm a parent after I put ut a request fr vlunteers fr my kids' lacrsse (长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's prbably sme eq \a\vs4\al(demanding) wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad eq \a\vs4\al(caching) a team that his kids aren't even n ... At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll d it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I knw there's real pwer in sharing vlunteer respnsibilities amng many. The unwilling parent rganizes the meal schedule, sends ut emails, and cllects mney fr end­f­seasn gifts. Smewhere alng the way, the same parent ends up becming an eq \a\vs4\al(invaluable) member f the team. The cach is able t fcus n the kids while the ther parents are eq \a\vs4\al(relieved) t eq \a\vs4\al(be ff the hk) fr anther seasn. Handing ut eq \a\vs4\al(sliced) ranges t bldthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching yur wn kid scre a gal.
Still, mst f us vlunteers breathe a sigh f relief when the seasn eq \a\vs4\al(cmes t a clse). That relief is eq \a\vs4\al(cupled) with a deep understanding f why the same peple keep cming back fr mre: Cnnecting t the cmmunity (社区) as yu freely give yur time, mney, skills, r services prvides a real jy. Vlunteering just feels s gd.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure vlunteering is mre f a selfish act than I'd freely like t admit. Hwever, if thers benefit in the prcess, and I get sme reward t, des it really matter where my mtivatin lies?
1.What can we infer abut the parent frm her reply in paragraph 1?
A. She knws little abut the club.
B. She isn't gd at sprts.
C. She just desn't want t vlunteer.
D. She's unable t meet her schedule.
2.What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encurage teamwrk.B. Appeal t feelings.
C. Prmte gd deeds.D. Prvide advice.
3.What can we learn abut the parent frm paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrsse.
B. She is prud f her kids.
C. She'll wrk fr anther seasn.
D. She becmes a gd helper.
4.Why des the authr like ding vlunteer wrk?
A. It gives her a sense f duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her t wrk hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B
1.由第1段中的a last resrt和第3段中的unwilling parent可判断出正确答案。
2.heartstrings由heart和strings构成，可理解为“心弦”，结合画线短语前的persuading及下文作者所列举的感人事迹可知，作者想要打动家长，使其改变主意。
3.由“后扬”部分情节可知，家长做了许多，由此可判断出正确选项。
4.根据说理部分的“Vlunteering just feels s gd”可推断出答案。
【技巧释义】利用“构词法＋语境”猜测短语意义
1.先抑(第1段)
家长表达不情愿帮忙(可解第1题)
2.后扬(第2～3段)
第2段：利用事例打动家长接受志愿者工作(可解第2题)
第3段：原本不情愿的家长做了很多
3.说理(第4～5段)
①Vlunteering just feels s gd (可解第4题)
②vlunteering is mre f a selfish act
【词汇积累】
slice vt.把……切成薄片
relieved adj.感到宽慰的；感到安心的
demanding adj.要求高的
invaluable adj.非常宝贵的
cach vt.训练；辅导
cuple vt.与……结合
be ff the hk脱身
cme t a clse结束
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
Shuld we allw mdern buildings t be built next t lder buildings in a histric area f a city? In rder t answer this questin, we must first examine whether peple really want t preserve the histric feel f an area. Nt all histrical buildings are attractive. Hwever, there may be ther reasns—fr example, ecnmic reasns—why they shuld be preserved. S, let's assume that histrical buildings are bth attractive and imprtant t the majrity f peple. What shuld we d then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alngside an lder style. Indeed, there are many examples in my wn hme twn f Turs where mdern designs have been placed very successfully next t ld buildings. As lng as the building in questin is pleasing and des nt dminate（影响）its surrundings t much, it ften imprves attractiveness f the area.
It is true that there are examples f new buildings which have spilt（破坏）the area they are in, but the same can be said f sme ld buildings t. Yet peple still speak against new buildings in histric areas. I think this is simply because peple are naturally cnservative and d nt like change.
Althugh we have t respect peple's feelings as fellw users f the buildings, I believe that it is the duty f the architect and planner t mve things frward. If we always reprduced what was there befre, we wuld all still be living in caves. Thus, I wuld argue against cpying previus architectural styles and chse smething fresh and different, thugh that might be the mre risky chice.
1.What des the authr say abut histrical buildings in the first paragraph?
A.Sme f them are nt attractive.B.Mst f them are t expensive t preserve.
C.They are mre pleasing than mdern buildings.D.They have nthing t d with the histric feel f an area.
2.Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the authr?
A.We shuld reprduce the same ld buildings.
B.Buildings shuld n dminate their surrundings.
C.Sme ld buildings have spilt the area they are in.
D.N ne understands why peple speak against new buildings.
3.By "mve things frward" in the last paragraph, the authr prbably means " "
A.destry ld buildings
B.put things in a difference place
C.chse new architectural styles
D.respect peple's feeling fr histrical buildings
4.What is the main purpse f the passage?
A.T explain why peple dislike change
B.T warn that we culd end up living in caves.
C.T admit hw new buildings have ruined their surrundings.
D.T argue that mdern buildings can be built in histric areas.
【答案】
【分析】
本文为议论文。文章讨论了是否现代的建筑应该和古老的历史建筑在一起，在作者看来历史建筑应该保存，但是我们的建筑风格也应该改变，不能因为历史建筑破坏我们的生活。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Nt all histrical buildings are attractive(并不是所有的历史建筑都有吸引力)”可知一些历史建筑不够有吸引力，故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段“It is true that there are examples f new buildings which have spilt（破坏）the area they are in, but the same can be said f sme ld buildings t(的确，一些新建筑破坏了它们所在的区域，但一些老建筑也同样如此)”可知，新建筑破坏了它们所在的区域，而古建筑也是这样，可知作者认为一些历史建筑将他们生活的地方破坏了，故选C。
3.词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“I think this is simply because peple are naturally cnservative and d nt like change(我认为这很简单，因为人们天生保守，不喜欢改变).”可知，作者认为人们天生保守，不喜欢改变，根据第四段第二句“If we always reprduced what was there befre, we wuld all still be living in caves(如果我们总是重现以前的样子，我们都还会住在洞穴里)”可知，如果建筑师不改变建筑风格，我们现在还住在山洞里面，虽然我们必须尊重人们作为建筑使用者的感受，但建筑师和规划师要选择新的建筑风格，以推进事物的向前发展，选项C. chse new architectural styles(选择新的建筑风格)符合语境，故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Shuld we allw mdem buildings t be built next t lder buildings in a histric area f a city(我们是否应该让现代建筑建在城市历史地段的老建筑旁边)?”作者提出问题，并对此展开论证，再根据最后一段最后一句 “Thus, I wuld argue against cpying previus architectural styles and chse smething fresh and different, thugh that might be the mre risky chice(因此，我反对复制以前的架构风格，而选择一些新颖和不同的风格，尽管这可能是更危险的选择).” 可知作者得出结论，认为现代建筑可以建在历史区域。故选D。
2
A new study has shwn hw cmputers and rbts pwered by artificial intelligence (AI) can read human eye mvements t “read” human persnalities.
The eyes are the windws t the sul. And if s, cmputers and rbts pwered by cmplex artificial intelligence algrithms (算法) may sn have the ability t peer int yur sul. That is the result f a new study n the cnnectin between eye mvements and persnality, cnducted by neurscience researchers.
“Eye mvements during an everyday task predict aspects f ur persnality,” wrte the researchers, led by University f Suth Australia neurscientist Tbias Letscher, whse team fllws 42 study subjects recrding their eye mvements, then determines their persnality characteristics.
The researchers fed the data int their AI algrithms and fund that cmputers running the algrithms were able t recrd human eye mvements and immediately determine a persn’s majr persnality characteristics , such as “neurticism, extraversin (外向), agreeableness, cnscientiusness, as well as perceptual (感知的) curisity”, the scientists wrte.
“The new findings culd imprve the way human beings interact with their cmputers and ther high-tech devices, even rbts, allwing fr mre natural and realistic scial interactins with machines,” Letscher said.
“Peple are always lking fr imprved, persnalized services. Tday’s rbts and cmputers are nt scially aware, s they cannt adjust t nn-verbal infrmatin,” Letscher said in a statement quted by Indian Express. “This research prvides pprtunities t develp rbts and cmputers s that they can becme mre natural, and better at interpreting human scial signals.”
The study revealed previusly undiscvered relatins between specific persnality characteristics and specific eye mvement tendencies, accrding t a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.
5.What d the underlined wrds “peer int” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A.Search fr.B.Cncern abut.
C.Stare at.D.Understand.
6.Hw did the researchers cnduct the research?
A.It was carried ut in a lab.
B.42 subjects’ eye mvements were recrded.
C.The students’ daily mvements were tracked.
D.Its subjects’ persnalities were determined by cmputer.
7.What des Tbias Letscher mean in paragraph 6?
A.Rbts and cmputers are scially cnscius.
B.Peple care less abut imprved, persnalized services.
C.Tday’s rbts and cmputers can accustm themselves t nn-verbal infrmatin.
D.The discvery will imprve the interactin between human beings and rbts.
8.Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Tell Persnalities by Eye Mvements
B.What Human Eye Mvements Are
C.Human Persnality Characteristics
D.Hw Humans and Machines Interact
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。
5.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The eyes, they say, are the windws t the sul. (人们说眼睛是心灵的窗户)”可知，划线词组所在句的句意为“如果这是真的，由复杂的人工智能算法驱动的计算机和机器人可能很快就能探究你的灵魂。”划线词组peer int与understand意思相近。故选D项。
6.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“whse team fllws 42 study subjects arund the university campus recrding their eye mvements, then determines their persnality traits (特点) with “well-established questinnaires” fr determining persnality type(该研究小组在大学校园内对42名研究对象进行了观察，记录他们的眼球运动，然后用“成熟的调查问卷”来确定他们的性格特征)”可知，研究人员通过记录42名研究对象的眼球运动来进行这项研究的。故选B项。
7.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The new findings culd imprve the way human beings interact with their cmputers and ther high-tech devices, even rbts, allwing fr mre natural and realistic scial interactins with machines. (这项新发现可能会改善人类与电脑和其他高科技设备，甚至是机器人的互动方式，从而使人类与机器进行更自然、更现实的社会互动成为可能)”可知，这一发现将改善人类和机器之间的互动。故选D项。
8.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。因此，A项“通过眼睛的运动来判断一个人的性格”适合做本文标题。故选A项。
3
The three phases f life are increasingly a thing f the past. Where nce wrking lives fitted neatly int the mdel f educatin, emplyment and then retirement, the simplicity f that divisin is being challenged by changing standards f the wrkfrce.
Increasing numbers f wrkers, nearing their lng-imagined transitin(过渡)int retirement, seem t be actively putting ff the mment at which they dwn tls. Newly released figures frm the Office fr Natinal Statistics(ONS)have shwn that there are ver a millin mre ver 50s in part-time wrk than a decade ag.And with nine ut f 10 emplyers reprting difficulties hiring wrkers,there’s likely t be a grwing market fr their talents as bsses extend their searches t lder peple,including thse wh are willing t take n part-time respnsibilities.
The ending f the three phases f wrking life isn’t simply dwn t peple living lnger r financial necessity-thugh thse are certainly imprtant factrs-but als t an increasing desire t maintain a purpseful life. One survey f British retirees ver 50 fund that 85 per cent f them felt they’d retired t yung—stpping wrking had left a vid that they regretted afterwards.
The 2015 film The Intern cnveyed this human need t have value. In it, Rbert De Nir plays a 70-year-ld widwer wh finds himself a fish ut f water when he jins a trendy internet start-up.In the end, nt nly des he find the sense f belnging that he desires but his clleagues cme t rely n his experience and different perspective.It’s a plt we can increasingly expect t happen in real-life ffices ver the decades t cme as peple live ever lnger.
Already, we are seeing peple in their 50s and 60s lking ahead t a retirement lasting 30 years, chsing instead t build secnd careers that they can maintain int their 70s r beynd. Freed frm the financial burden f yung children, they can priritize flexibility, shrter wrking hurs r mre rewarding jbs in areas such as charity wrk r teaching. Many d it fr n mney at all, vlunteering behind the till in charity shps r shwing peple rund Natinal Trust prperties.
Hwever, it’s the next generatin where the effect f living lnger will really be felt, and the financial necessity will start t bite. In the West, mre than half f the children brn in 2016 have a life expectancy f mre than 100 years. In their bk, The 100-Year Life, Lndn Business Schl prfessrs Lynda Grattn and Andrew Sctt suggest that acquiring sufficient funds t see neself thrugh a 40-r 50-year retirement will likely be beynd all but the highest earners.
Then there’s the ft-repeated claim that yung peple tday are the first generatin t be prer than their parents. Certainly prperty prices are changing the way they plan fr the future. In the mid-Nineties, the average hme cst less than three times the average wage; last year, ONS stats placed that rati at eight times wages.
The verall effect f these trends is that yung peple recgnize that they will likely have t pstpne dreams f retirement and instead strap n(绑住)mre debt spread ver lnger spans. It’s why 44 per cent f under 30s say they expect t be wrking well int their 70s and why data this year frm the Bank f England shw that 16 per cent f UK mrtgages(按揭贷款)nw have terms f 35 years r mre-a figure that has tripled in the past decade.
All f these factrs lk set t cntribute t a wrkfrce that has a significantly wider range f ages in the future. In an era f wrk when we’ve all learned t be mre inclusive, nly eight per cent f firms with a diversity prgramme have adapted it t g beynd gender, race and sexuality and int age. Incrprating lder emplyees int the wrkfrce is set t be the next big thing at the ffice.
If Rbert De Nir has anything t teach us, it’s that this can be an enrmus frce permanently fr bth emplyees and businesses.
9.What d the underlined wrds “is dwn t” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.is caused byB.results in
C.is respnsible frD.gives birth t
10.What trend will the next generatin face?
A.They can live within their means.
B.Their life expectancy will be lnger.
C.They will be richer than their parents.
D.They will fail t pay ff their mrtgage.
11.The authr intrduces the details f the film The Intern in rder t_____.
A.tell us Rbert De Nir is a helpful retiree
B.indicate that retirees can als benefit sciety
C.share Rbert De Nir’s secnd career with us
D.illustrate that retirees desire t live meaningfully
12.What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A.The new standards f the wrkplace.
B.Age being n hurdle in the mdern wrld f wrk.
C.Financial issues facing bth ld peple and yung peple.
D.Different attitudes t retirement between the yung and ld.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。曾经的人生的三个阶段：教育、就业、退休正在受到变化的劳动力标准的挑战。文章介绍了在现代职场中，年龄不再是障碍。
9.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“One survey f British retirees ver 50 fund that 85 per cent f them felt they’d retired t yung—stpping wrking had left a vid that they regretted afterwards.”可知，一项针对50岁以上英国退休人员的调查发现，85%的人觉得他们退休的时候太年轻——停止工作让他们有一种空虚感，他们后悔退休，这说明工作生涯三个阶段的结束还因为人们越来越渴望继续过一种有意义的生活，因此此处是说这三个阶段的结束不仅是因为人们寿命的增加或经济上的需要，由此可知画线词词义为“因为，由……引起”，故A项正确。
10.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Hwever, it’s the next generatin where the effect f living lnger will really be felt, and the financial necessity will start t bite. In the West, mre than half f the children brn in 2016 have a life expectancy f mre than 100 years.”可知，然而，真正感受到长寿的影响的是下一代，经济上的必要性将开始显现，在西方，2016年出生的儿童中，超过一半的预期寿命超过了100岁，由此可知，下一代的预期寿命更长，故B项正确。
11.推理判断题。根据第三段“The ending f the three phases f wrking life isn’t simply dwn t peple living lnger r financial necessity-thugh thse are certainly imprtant factrs-but als t an increasing desire t maintain a purpseful life. ”（职业生涯的三个阶段的终结，并不仅仅是因为寿命延长或经济需求，尽管这些因素肯定很重要，还因为维持有目标生活的愿望日益强烈）以及第四段中的“The 2015 film The Intern cnveyed this human need t have value. In it, Rbert De Nir plays a 70-year-ld widwer wh finds himself a fish ut f water when he jins a trendy internet start-up. In the end, nt nly des he find the sense f belnging that he desires but his clleagues cme t rely n his experience and different perspective.”（2015年的电影《实习生》就表达了这类人对价值的需求，在这部电影中，罗伯特·德尼罗扮演一位70岁的鳏夫，当他加入一家时髦的互联网初创公司时，发现自己就像离开了水的鱼一样，最终，他不仅找到了自己渴望的归属感，他的同事们也开始学习他的经验和看待问题的角度）可知，第四段中作者介绍了电影《实习生》的细节是为了说明退休人员渴望过有意义的生活，故D项正确。
12.主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“The three phases f life are increasingly a thing f the past.”可知，工作生涯的三个阶段（接受技能教育、就业和退休）正逐渐成为过去，越来越多到了退休年龄的人还在工作，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是在现代职场中，年龄不再是障碍，故B项正确。
4
Several years ag, Chris Williams was driving hme n a Wednesday night in Cnre, Texas, just like he always did. “It was dark and raining hard, and I culd barely make ut tw peple walking n the rad,” he recalled. Brn and raised in Luisiana, Williams ften watched his father g ut f his way t help peple in truble. S he did smething his dad wuld have dne. He asked the tw wmen if they needed a ride.
They jumped in, and Williams learned why they were walking. Their truck had been in the repair shp fr nearly three mnths. “I asked the wman wh wned the truck why it was in the shp s lng, and the wman hung her head and tld me, ‘I can’t affrd t fix it,’” Williams cntinued.
Williams had always dreamed f pening his wn aut repair garage that wuld help wmen in need. “Right then and there, I decided I needed t figure ut a way t get my dream f pening a free garage ff the grund,” he said.
As a father f tw girls, Williams had a calling t help single mms, widws and military wives. Williams brrwed mney and asked peple he knew fr dnatins t start his new career, and several mnths later, he pened The Garage, a nnprfit that repairs vehicles fr wmen in need-at n cst. The rganizatin gives renewed vehicles away, t.
Williams understd the ecnmic difficulty being carless can cause, and hw his nnprfit culd help. “Car repairs can be expensive, and where I live, it’s very rural.” Williams explained. “S if yu dn’t have a car, yu can’t get a jb. And if yu dn’t have a jb, yu can’t buy a car. It’s a cruel dilemma.”
The Garage ended that dilemma fr a whle lt f wmen in the surrunding cmmunity last year. The nnprfit gave away 146 vehicles and repaired 127. One f thse recipients was Jeanne McGwan. “Several years ag, I became ill and culd nt maintain my jb and I lst my car because I culd nt wrk,” she tld a lcal TV reprter. “I’m thrilled t be a receiver f ne f their cars.”
13.Why did Williams give the tw wmen a lift?
A.He was asked t lend a hand.
B.He was ding sme vluntary wrk.
C.He wanted t fllw his father’s ftsteps.
D.He was ging t the same destinatin as theirs.
14.What d the underlined wrds “ff the grund” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.At a lss.B.In prgress.C.Out f sight.D.Beynd reach.
15.What d we knw abut The Garage?
A.It was set up by Williams fr his daughters.
B.It has dnated 127 vehicles t thse in need.
C.It helps pr wmen repair their vehicles fr free.
D.It has wn financial supprt frm the gvernment.
16.What did McGwan mean by her wrds?
A.She expected lcal TV t d her a favr.
B.She was seriusly ill after lsing her jb.
C.She was excited t have a car frm The Garage.
D.She determined t dnate her ld car t the pr.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Chris Williams开设了一个非营利组织，为有需要的女性免费修理汽车，该组织还赠送了更新的车辆。
13.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Brn and raised in Luisiana, Williams ften watched his father g ut f his way t help peple in truble. S he did smething his dad wuld have dne.(出生和长大在路易斯安那州，威廉姆斯经常看到他的父亲去帮助有困难的人。于是他做了一件他父亲会做的事)”可知，Williams想追随父亲的脚步去帮助有困难的人。故选C。
14.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段及下文的内容得知Williams的梦想是开一家免费的汽车修理厂，并且他的梦想实现了，所以猜测ff the grund是“开始，起步”的意思，故与“in prgress”意思相近。故选B。
15.细节理解题。根据文中第四段“Williams brrwed mney and asked peple he knew fr dnatins t start his new career, and several mnths later, he pened The Garage, a nnprfit that repairs vehicles fr wmen in need-at n cst.(Williams借了钱，向他认识的人寻求捐款，以开始他的新事业。几个月后，他开设了The Garage，这是一个非营利组织，为有需要的女性修理汽车，而且没有任何费用)”可知，Williams开设 The Garage是为了帮助贫困妇女免费修车。故选C。
16.细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“I am thrilled t be a receiver f ne f their cars.(能成为他们的一辆车的接受者，我感到非常激动)”可知，McGwan能从The Garage那里得到一辆车感到很激动。故选C。
考情角度
记叙文中有时会在叙述的基础上，辅以适当的议论，以表明作者的观点态度和目的，结构上采取“以叙为主，兼顾议论”或“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹议”，阅读时应关注文章“起伏跌宕”的故事情节，从中悟道理。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。