备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题05历史与地理含解析202103052167

这是一份备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题05历史与地理含解析202103052167，共18页。
Smething wnderful in a disaster
On May 27, 1995, ur life was suddenly changed.It happened a few minutes past three,when my husband, Chris, fell frm his hrse as it jumped ver a fence.Chris was paralyzed frm the chest dwn, unable t breathe nrmally.As he was thrwn frm his hrse, we entered int a life f cnvenience with lts f unexpected challenges.We went frm the "haves" t the “have-nts".Or s we thught.
Yet what we discvered later were all the gifts that came ut f sharing difficulties.We came t learn that smething wnderful culd happen in a disaster. All ver the wrld peple cared fr Chris s much that letters and pstcards pured in every day. By the end f the third week in a medical center in Virginia, abut 35,000 pieces f mail had been received and srted.
As a family, we pened letter after letter.They gave us cmfrt and became a surce f strength fr us.We used them t encurage urselves.I wuld g t the pile f letters marked with "Funny" if we needed a laugh, r t the "Disabled" bx t find advice frm peple in wheelchairs r even in bed living happily and successfully.
These letters, we realized, had t be shared.And s here we ffer ne f them t yu.
Dear Chris,
My husband and I were s srry t hear f yur riding accident last week.N dubt yur family and yur friends are giving yu the strength t face this technical challenge.Peple everywhere are als giving yu best wishes every day and we are amng thse wh are keeping yu alive.
Yurs Sincerely,
Nancy Reagan
灾难中的美好
1995年5月27日，我们的生活突然发生了变化。就在三点过几分钟，我丈夫克里斯从马背上摔了下来，他从胸前摔下来，无法正常呼吸。当他从马背上摔下来的时候，我们进入了一个有很多意想不到的挑战的便利的生活。我们从从“有”到“无”。或者我们是这么想的。
然而，我们后来发现，所有的礼物都来自于分享的困难。我们逐渐了解到，灾难中可能会发生一些美妙的事情。全世界的人都非常关心克里斯，以至于每天都有信件和明信片涌入。到了第三个周末，在弗吉尼亚州的一个医疗中心，大约有35000封邮件已经收到并分类。
作为一个家庭，我们一封又一封地打开信，它们给了我们安慰，成为我们力量的源泉。我们用它们来鼓励自己。如果我们需要欢笑，我会去标有“有趣”字样的那一堆信，或者到“残疾人”的信箱里，向坐在轮椅上甚至床上的人们寻求建议，让他们快乐而成功地生活。
这些信件，我们意识到，必须被分享，所以在这里我们提供其中一封给你。
亲爱的克里斯，
我丈夫和我很遗憾听到你上周的骑行事故。毫无疑问，你的家人和朋友给了你力量去面对这项技术挑战。世界各地的人们也每天都在向你致以最美好的祝愿，而我们也是那些让你活下来的人之一。
谨上，
南希·里根
注解：
1. paralyzed ['pærəlaizd] adj. 瘫痪的，麻痹的
2. chest [tʃest] n.胸，胸腔；柜子，橱
3. challenge [ˈtʃælindʒ] n挑战；质问
4. pur [pɔ:r] vt.灌，倒，注 vi.倾泻，流出
5. pile [pail] n.一堆，一叠 v.堆积
6. technical [ˈteknikəl] a.技术的，工艺的
语法点拨：
1. All ver the wrld peple cared fr Chris s much that letters and pstcards pured in every day.
【归纳】s…that…引导结果状语从句，表示“如此…以致…”,使用时要注意其倒装方式，如：
This bk is s interesting that everyne wants t read it. 这本书很有趣，人人都想看看。
==S interesting is the bk that everyne wants t read it.
注意：s that…通常用于引导目的状语从句，表示“为了、以便…”, 如：
They gt up early s that they culd catch the early bus.
为了能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。
2. I wuld g t the pile f letters marked with "Funny" if we needed a laugh.
【归纳】the pile f letters marked with …其中marked with 为过去分词作定语，相当于定语从
句 that were marked with…。注意体会现在分词与过去分词作定语的差别：
biled water 开水 biling water 正沸腾的水
develped cuntries发展的国家 develping cuntries 发展中国家
fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed cnditin 改变了的情况 changing cnditin 变化着的情况
【美文阅读2】
导读：本文介绍的是水城威尼斯。它是世界上唯一没有汽车的城市；它因水而生，因水而美，因水而兴，号称“亚得里亚海皇后”。
Venice — Queen f the Adriatic
The histric city f Venice stretches acrss a shallw saltwater lagn in nrtheast Italy. The city was nce a majr sea pwer and an imprtant center fr plitics and trade. It has since faded frm glry and declined in influence, but the "Queen f the Adriatic" remains rich in beauty, art, and turism.
①Built n a string f islands alngside the Adriatic Sea, Venice is famus fr its canals, which serve as rads. The nly transprtatin in the ld city center has been by bat r n ft fr centuries. Traditinal Venetian bats still ferry turists thrugh the narrw canals, thugh nwadays mst Venetians travel by mtrized waterbus. Arched ftbridges traverse the canals, ②adding t the picturesque charm f this fairytale city. Venice is Eurpe's largest car-free area and a Wrld Heritage Site.
③While its unique infrastructure is enugh t make it a histric gem, Venice als basts a rich cultural histry. During the Renaissance, Venice was ne f the mst imprtant musical centers in Eurpe. Cuntless bks, plays, musical cmpsitins, and wrks f art have been inspired by Venice. Presently, the city draws mre than seven millin turists per year.
Sadly, the future f Venice is threatened. Since the 20th century, when wells began t draw water frm the grund t supprt lcal industry, Venice has been sinking. In many ld huses, lwer level staircases are nw flded and frmer grund flrs have becme uninhabitable. Nevertheless, Venetian life ④ges n and the city cntinues t charm its many visitrs.
威尼斯——亚得里亚海皇后
历史名城威尼斯横跨意大利东北部的一个咸水湖。这个城市曾经是一个主要的海上力量和重要的政治、贸易中心。虽然它昔日的荣耀和影响力已经褪去，这位“亚得里亚海皇后”在美景、艺术与旅游业方面依然非常富有。
建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名，运河就是这个城市的道路。几百年来，旧城中心唯一的交通工具就是乘船或者步行。虽然现在大多数威尼斯人乘坐电动水上巴士，传统的威尼斯船只仍然在狭窄的运河中摆渡游客。拱形的人行天桥横贯运河之上，为这座童话般的城市增加了如画般的吸引力。威尼斯是欧洲最大的无车区，也是世界遗产城市。
虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝，威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。在文艺复兴时期，威尼斯是欧洲最重要的音乐中心之一。威尼斯激发了无数书籍、戏剧、乐曲和艺术品的产生。目前，这座城市每年吸引着七百多万游客。
令人难过的是，威尼斯的未来受到了威胁。自从20世纪人们从水井抽取地下水支持当地工业开始，威尼斯开始了下沉。在很多老房子里，低层的楼梯浸在水中，以前的一楼已经无法住人。尽管如此，威尼斯的生活还在继续，这座城市使众多的游客为之陶醉。
重点单词:
1. lagn [lə'guːn] n. 咸水湖
2. Adriatic [,eidri'ætik] adj. 亚得里亚海的
3. ferry ['ferɪ] vt.（乘渡船）渡过；用渡船运送
4. traverse ['trævəs; trə'vɜːs] vt. 穿过
5. picturesque [,pɪktʃə'resk] adj. 生动的；图画般的
6. heritage ['herɪtɪdʒ] n. 遗产
7. infrastructure ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə] n. 基础设施
8. gem [dʒem] n. 宝石，珍宝； 精华
9. bast [bəʊst] 包含，容纳；有
10. Renaissance ['rɛnəsɑns] n. 文艺复兴（欧洲14至16世纪）
重点短语 / 亮点句式：
1. Built n a string f islands alngside the Adriatic Sea, Venice is famus fr its canals, which serve as rads.
建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名，运河就是这个城市的道路。
（1）be famus fr 因……而著名。如：
A schl as such shuld be famus fr its teaching, its sprts and games, and its strict discipline.
一个像这样的学校，必须在教学、运动、球戏、及严格纪律训练等方面，能够著名。
（2）which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词canals。如：
Sme f the rads were flded，which made ur jurney mre difficult.
有些路被水淹了，这使得我们的行程更加困难。
2. add t 增添；加强。如：
The bad weather added t the shipwrecked sailrs’ difficulties.
恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。
3. While its unique infrastructure is enugh t make it a histric gem, Venice als basts a rich cultural histry.
虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝，威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。
while 在此意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：
While he lves his students, he is strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生，他对他们非常严厉。
4. g n 继续。如：
This situatin seemed t g n indefinitely.
这种状况似乎要无限期地继续下去。
名句背诵：
Mst ignrance is vincible ignrance. We dn’t knw because we dn’t want t knw. （Aldus Huxley, British writer）
大多无知是可以克服的。我们不知道只是因为我们不想知道。（英国作家 奥尔德斯•赫胥黎）

【话题解读】
“历史与地理”是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。
近几年的高考英语中，“历史与地理”这个话题屡见不鲜。在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。
【相关词汇】
Ⅰ.写作必记单词
1. attackvt.进攻；袭击
2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪
3. escape vi.逃跑
4. feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供
5. lcal adj.当地的→ lcate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → lcatin n.地点；位置
6. native adj.本地的；本国的
7. raise vt.饲养；提高
8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸
9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭
10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到
11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁
Ⅱ.阅读识记单词
12.ablish vt. 废除
13.aggressin n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的
14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密
15.distribute vt. 发放；分发→ distributin n.分配；配给
16.drught n .干旱
17.dynasty n .朝代
18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptinn.爆发
19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的
20.fggy adj. 有雾的→ fg n.雾
21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freezevi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frzen adj.结冰的，冷冻的
22.gegraphy n .地理
23.histric adj. 历史的；有历史意义的→ histry n.历史→ histrical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的
24.histrical adj. 与历史有关的
25.incident n .事变
26.independence n .独立
27.invade vt. 侵略
28.mnument n .纪念碑
29.muntainus adj. 多山的
30.ccupy vt. 占领；使忙碌
31.rigin n .起源；由来
32.religin n .宗教
33.religius adj. 宗教的
34.remte adj. 偏远的；偏僻的
35.racial adj. 种族的
36.revlutin n .革命
37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲
38.shrtage n .缺乏
39.shwer n .阵雨；淋浴
40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给
41.terrifyvt. 使恐怖
42.urban adj. 城市的；都市的
43.weapn n .武器
III.话题相关词汇
1.地理 gegraphy
2.古迹 histrical spt
3.省；州 prvince/state
4.首都；省会 capital
5.矿藏，矿物质 mineral
6.东南方的 sutheastern
7.西北方的 nrthwestern
8.遗址 ruin
9.郡/县 cunty
10.华南 Suth China
11.华北 Nrth China
12.师范大学 Nrmal University
13.城市建筑 urban architecture
14.艺术长廊 the art gallery
15.依据 accrding t
16.悠久历史 have a lng histry/with a lng histry
17.挨近；靠近 be clse t
18.矿产资源 mineral resurce
IV.话题相关词组
1.城市规划 urban planning
2.城镇人口 urban ppulatin
3.追溯到 date back t
4.以……为背景 set in
5.独有的特色 unique features
6.占地面积7 434 平方公里 cver an area f 7，434 square kilmetres
7.人口超过600万 have a ppulatin f ver 6 millin/with a ppulatin f mre than 6 millin...
8.2 200年的悠久历史 have a histry f 2，200 years/with a histry f 2，200 years
V.实用句型
1.广州，别名花城，地处珠江三角洲(the Pearl River Delta)北部，临近港澳。
The city f Guangzhu, nicknamed as Flwer City, is lcated in the nrth f the Pearl River Delta, clse t Hngkng and Maca.
2.广州是广东省的政治经济文化中心。
Guangzhu is the plitical, ecnmic and cultural centre f Guangdng Prvince.
3.各地气候差异很大。
The climate differs sharply frm ne area t anther.
4.澳大利亚拥有极为丰富的矿产资源，且铁矿储量居世界第二。
Australia has pretty rich mineral resurces, and its irn resurce is ranked 2nd in the wrld.
VI.佳作背诵
假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What t learn in senir high schl”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提纲准备一份英语发言稿。
1.学会学习：方法、习惯等；
2.学会做人：真诚、友善等；
3.其他方面：自拟。
[参考范文]
What t learn in senir high schl
Gd mrning, everyne! It is my great hnur t be here t share with yu my pinins n what t learn in senir high schl.
In the cming three years, yur schl life will be challenging.Firstly，yu shuld learn t learn efficiently. Persnally，I used t try effective methds t achieve my academic gals. Develping a gd habit is als f imprtance. It really benefited me a lt t preview lessns, get actively invlved in class and review what had been taught after class.
In additin，yu shuld learn hw t get alng with thers in schl. Fr example，I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates.It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmnius atmsphere.
Finally，yu shuld take part in sprts and ther utdr activities frequently.As they are very helpful t build up yur bdy and enrich yur schl life.
N pains，n gains. I am sure that with yur great effrts, yu will enjy a clrful and fruitful life here.
Thank yu!

I.阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
On April 10, 1912, the cean liner Titanic set ff n its first vyage with mre than 2,200 peple n bard. It was a histric mment. The ship was the largest passenger ship in the wrld.
But n the night f April 14, the Titanic struck a giant iceberg. Within hurs, it sank t the bttm f the cean. There were nly enugh lifebats fr abut half the peple n bard. Mre than 1,500 passengers and crew members died.
The tragedy made headlines arund the wrld. The tale f the ship has inspired many bks, plays and mvies. That includes 1997’s Titanic---ne f the mst ppular films in histry.
Nw, mre than a century later, a replica (复制品) f the ship is being built. The Titanic II is expected t fllw the rute f the riginal ship. It is scheduled t launch in 2022 and sail frm Suthamptn, England, t New Yrk City.
In many ways, the Titanic II will be hard t tell apart frm the riginal ship. It will have the same cabin layuts (布局) and serve the same fancy meals. But accrding t the Blue Star Line, the cmpany building the ship, there will be sme imprtant differences. The Titanic II will have the latest technlgy and safety features---including enugh mtr-driven lifebats fr everyne n bard. Thugh the ship itself will be mre mdern, sailing n it will be a jurney back in time, says Clive Palmer, the Owner f Blue Star Line.
“It is a tribute (致敬) t the spirit f the men and wmen wh wrked n the riginal Titanic,” he says.
1.What d we knw abut the Titanic?
A.It was the largest passenger ship f its day.
B.Mre than 2,200 peple died when it sank
C.It set sail frm New Yrk City.
D.It sank the first day after it set sail.
2.Why des the authr mentin the 1997 mvie Titanic?
A.T describe the ship’s design.
B.T highlight the public’s interest in the ship.
C.T explain why the Titanic sank.
D.T cmpare the new ship with the riginal ne.
3.Hw will the Titanic II differ frm the riginal ship?
A.It will fllw a new rute acrss the Atlantic Ocean.
B.It will serve fancy meals t passengers.
C.It will have enugh lifebats fr all passengers.
D.It will have smaller cabins fr passengers.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.The Unsinkable Titanic
B.The Titanic Sails Again
C.Titanic Stries Will G n
D.The Recnstructin f Titanic
B
The first rganized system fr sending messages began in Egypt arund 1500 system develped because the pharahs frequently needed t send messages up and dwn the Nile River in rder t keep their empire running smthly. Later, the Persians develped a mre efficient system fr sending messages using men and hrses. Messages carriers rde alng the rad system stretching frm ne end f the Persian Empire t the ther. Alng these rads, fresh men and hrses waited at special statins t take and pass alng any messages that needed t be sent. The statins where riders passed messages back and frth were built 23 kilmeters apart, s the men and hrses were able t travel quickly between them. The Rmans later tk up his idea and imprved it by using a mre advanced and extensive rad system.
In China, hwever, Kublai Khan had built up his wn system fr delivering messages. This system wrked in the same basic way as the Rman system. The difference was that Kublai Khan kept 300,000 hrses alng the rads f this delivery lines. There were ver 10,000 statins where a message wuld be passed frm ne rider t anther with a fresh hrse. In this way, Kublai Khan culd receive messages frm anywhere in the cuntry in nly a few days.
It was nt until the 1500s that a well-rganized pstal system appeared again in Eurpe. One family, the vn Taxis family, gained the right t deliver mail fr the Hly Rman Empire and parts f Spain. This family cntinued t carry mail, bth gvernment and private, thrughut Eurpe fr almst 300 years.
In 1653, a Frenchman, Renuard de Velayer, established a system fr delivering pst in Paris. Pstal charges at that time were paid by the recipient , but de Velayer's system was unique by allwing the sender t pre-pay the charges, in a similar way t the mdern stamp. Unfrtunately, de Velayer's system came t an end when jealus cmpetitrs put live mice in his letter bxes, ruining his business. Eventually, gvernment-cntrlled pstal systems tk ver frm private pstal businesses, and by the 1700s gvernment wnership f mst pstal systems in Eurpe was an accepted fact f life.
The thing that all these early systems had in cmmn was that they were quite expensive fr public use, and were intended fr use by the gvernment and the wealthy. Hwever, in 1840, a British schlteacher named Rland Hill suggested intrducing pstage stamps, and a pstal rate based n weight. This resulted in lwering pstal rates, encuraging mre peple t use the system t stay in tuch with each ther, His idea helped the British pstal system begin t earn prfits as early as 1850. Sn after that many ther cuntries tk up Mr. Hill's idea. And letter writing became accessible t anyne wh culd write. Tday, the Rland Hill awards are given each year t "encurage and reward fresh ideas which help prmte philately" (stamp cllecting).
5.What is the main tpic f the passage?
A.Hw internatinal letters travel.B.A surprising methd fr delivering mail.
C.The histry f pstal systems.D.Changes in the methds f cmmunicatin.
6.Which f the fllwing statements abut Renuard de Velayer is true?
A.His was a gvernment-cntrlled system.
B.His cmpetitrs destryed his business.
C.His system lasted fr hundreds f years.
D.In his system, the persn wh received the letter paid the pstage fees.
7.Which f the systems mentined in the passage was mst like the pstal system tday?
A.Egyptian.B.Chinese.
C.de Velayer's.D.vn Taxis's.
8.What was Rland Hill's greatest achievement?
A.He made letter writing accessible t the average persn.
B.He made a lt f mney fr the British pstal system.
C.He made stamp cllecting a ppular hbby.
D.He wn an award fr letter writing.
C
Australia is a sciety f peple frm a rich diversity (多样) f cultural, ethnic, linguistic (语言的) and religius backgrunds. Mst Australians are immigrants r the descendants (后裔) f immigrants wh arrived ver the past tw centuries frm mre than 200 cuntries.
Cultural and linguistic diversity was a feature f Australian life befre Eurpean settlement and remains a defining feature f mdern sciety. Immigratin began with Eurpean settlement in 1788. It cntinued at a steady pace — reaching 50,000 a year during the Gld Rush Perid f the 1850s — until the ppulatin reached seven millin in the 1940s. Mst settlers were frm a British backgrund. Since the Secnd Wrld War, the Australian gvernment’s immigratin prgram has brught mre than 6.6 millin migrants t Australia.
Tday, almst ne in fur f Australia’s estimated resident ppulatin f 24 millin was brn verseas. The last 50 years have seen a significant change in the surce cuntries f peple wh chse t cme here. In the 1960s, 45% f all new settlers were brn in the United Kingdm and Ireland. By 2006 t 2007, this had fallen t 17%, with settlers and lng-term visitrs increasing frm cuntries in the Asia-Pacific regin, Africa and the Middle East.
Australia recgnizes, accepts and respects cultural diversity. There are few cuntries in the wrld where migrants have achieved the level f ecnmic, plitical, scial and cultural participatin that they have in Australia. Freign languages are taught in mst mainstream Australian schls and universities, as well as in cmmunity ethnic schls, many f which are funded by the Australian gvernment. The Australian gvernment spends a large amunt f mney every year supprting the teaching and learning fr Asian, Eurpean and indigenus (本土的) Australian languages and Australian sign language fr the deaf in mainstream schls as well as thrugh cmmunity language prgrams.
Freign languages are taught in bth primary and secndary schls. The mst ppular languages studied are Japanese, Chinese, French, Italian, German, Indnesian, Spanish, Vietnamese, Arabic and Latin. Arund 50% f students study a freign language at sme time during their primary and secndary schling. Almst 150 languages are taught in mainstream and nn-mainstream settings.
9.Frm the text, we can learn that .
A.Australia began t have waves f immigrants frm 1788
B.mst Australians are immigrants frm a British backgrund
C.there wasn’t any cultural diversity in Australian life until mdern times
D.abut 6.6 millin peple immigrated t Australia during Wrld War II
10.The third paragraph is mainly abut .
A.Australia’s estimated resident ppulatin
B.the effects f Australia’s immigratin prgram
C.the increase in settlers and lng-term visitrs
D.the change in the surce cuntries f immigrants
11.Which is the best title fr the text?
A.The Ppulatin f Australia.
B.The Freign Languages f Australia.
C.The immigratin Plicy f Australia.
D.The cultural and Linguistic Diversity f Australia.
D
Recently accrding t a new research, humans have had a link t starches (含淀粉的食物) fr up t 120,000 years — that’s mre than 100,000 years lnger than we’ve been able t plant them in the sil during the time f the ice Age’s drawing t an end. The research is part f an nging study int the histry f Middle Stne Age cmmunities.
An internatinal team f scientists identified evidence f prehistric starch cnsumptin in the Klasies River Cave, in present-day Suth Africa. Analyzing small, ashy, undisturbed hearths(壁炉) inside the cave, the researchers fund “pieces f burned starches” ranging frm arund 120,000 t 65,000 years ld. It made them the ldest knwn examples f starches eaten by humans.
The findings d nt cme as a cmplete surprise — but rather as welcme cnfirmatin f lder theries that lacked the related evidence. The lead authr Cynthia Larbey said that there had previusly nly been genetic bilgical evidence t suggest that humans had been eating starch fr this lng. This new evidence, hwever, takes us directly t the dinner table, and supprts the previus assumptin that humans’ digestin genes gradually evlved in rder t fit int an increased digestin f starch.
C-authr Sarah Wurz said, “The starch remains shw that these early humans living in the Klasies River Cave culd battle against their tugh envirnment and find suitable fds and perhaps medicines. And as much as we all still desire the tubers (块茎), these cave cmmunities were gilling starches such as ptates n their ft-lng hearths. They knew hw t balance their diets as well as they culd, with fats frm lcal fish and ther animals.”
As early as the 1990s, sme researchers started t study the hearths in the Klasies River Cave. Scientist Hilary Deacn first suggested that these hearths cntained burned plants. At the time, the prper methds f examining the remains were nt yet available. We nw knw human beings have always been searching fr their desired things.
12.When did humans begin t farm starches?
A.After the Ice Age.B.After the Middle Stne Age.
C.Abut 20,000 years ag.D.Abut 100,000 years ag.
13.What was the previus assumptin f starches?
A.Starch diet prmted fd culture.B.Starch diet shaped humans’ evlutin.
C.Starches had a variety f functins.D.Starches ffered humans rich nutritin.
14.What can we learn abut the early humans described by Sarah Wurz?
A.They were smart and tugh.B.They preferred plants t meat.
C.They were generally very healthy.D.They gt alng with each ther.
15.What’s the best title fr the text?
A.Great Civilizatin f Suth AfricaB.The Evlutin f Fds in Histry
C.Starches--the Imprtant Fd f TdayD.Big Findings--the Starches in Ancient Times
A
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了泰坦尼克号沉船事件在当时引起了极大的公众关注，泰坦尼克2号将采用最新的技术和安全装备，确保安全。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“The ship was the largest passenger ship in the wrld. 这艘船是世界上最大的客船。”可知在当时泰坦尼克号是最大的客船，故答案为A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段“The tragedy made headlines arund the wrld. The tale f the ship has inspired many bks, plays and mvies. 这一悲剧成为全世界的头条新闻。这艘船的故事激发了许多书籍、戏剧和电影的灵感。”可知泰坦尼克号沉船这件事在当时引起了极大的公众关注，结合选项可知答案为B。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The Titanic II will have the latest technlgy and safety features---including enugh mtr-driven lifebats fr everyne n bard. 泰坦尼克2号将拥有最新的技术和安全装备，包括足够的机动救生艇供船上所有人使用。”可知泰坦尼克2号有足够的救生艇，更加安全，故答案为C。
4.主旨大意题。文章的主要内容是：泰坦尼克号沉船事件在当时引起了极大的公众关注，泰坦尼克2号将采用最新的技术和安全装备，确保安全。由文章的主要内容可知本文着重强调泰坦尼克2号的诞生，结合选项可知答案为B。
B
【答案】5.C 6.B 7.C .A
【解析】本篇是说明文。主要介绍了世界邮政体系形成的来龙去脉。
5.主旨大意题。文章介绍了世界邮政体系的雏形，新发明及在各国的发展详情。选项A大意与本文无关；B涉及，但不能概括全文；D面太广，cmmunicatin methds有很多种，不能切中大意。故选C。
6.推理判断题。第四段的第三句Unfrtunately, de Velayer's system came t an end when jealus cmpetitrs put live mice in his letter bxes, ruining his business.可知他对手把活老鼠放入信箱导致他生意失败。故选B。
7.推理判断题。根据第四段第二句in a similar way t the mdern stamp可知，文章中提到的de Velayer's系统最像今天的邮政系统。故选C。
8.细节理解题。根据第五段第五句became accessible t anyne wh culd write可知，罗兰·希尔最大的成就是他使一般人都能写信。故选A。
【点睛】
推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,cnclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第2小题，第四段的第三句Unfrtunately, de Velayer's system came t an end when jealus cmpetitrs put live mice in his letter bxes, ruining his business.可知他对手把活老鼠放入信箱导致他生意失败。故选B。
C
【答案】9.A 10.D 11.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的文化，语言，宗教背景的多样性，其原因是澳大利亚被欧洲侵略过，并且制定了全球性的移民政策。不同地区的文化，语言相融合构成了多样的澳大利亚文化。
9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Immigratin began with Eurpean settlement in 1788.”可知，澳大利亚的移民潮始于1788年欧洲人在这里的定居。故选A项。
10.主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第三段内容可知，本段的中心主旨句应是“The last 50 years have seen a significant change in the surce cuntries f peple wh chse t cme here.(过去50年来，移民来源国发生了重大变化。)”，并在后文内容用数字列举和时间顺序陈述了该主题。选项D“the change in the surce cuntries f immigrants”与该主题表达一致，合理概括该段内容。故选D项。
11.主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构，首段提出本文的中心话题“Australia is a sciety f peple frm a rich diversity f cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religius backgrunds.(澳大利亚是一个有着丰富的文化、种族、语言和宗教背景的人们的社会。)”，后文段落对该主题从其原因方面进行了详细的分析和介绍。选项D“The cultural and Linguistic Diversity f Australia.(澳大利亚文化和语言的多样性。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义，与主题表达一致。故选D项。
D
【答案】12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现人类和含淀粉类食物的关系可追溯到120,000多年前。比我们种植淀粉类植物的历史还要早100,000 多年。
12.细节理解题。根据文章第1段Recently accrding t a new research, humans have had a link t starches (含淀粉的食物) fr up t 120,000 years — that’s mre than 100,000 years lnger than we’ve been able t plant them in the sil可知，人类种植含淀粉食物晚了100,000多年。故时间大约是在20,000 年前左右。故选C项。
13.细节理解题。根据第3段This new evidence, hwever, takes us directly t the dinner table, and supprts the previus assumptin that humans’ digestin genes gradually evlved in rder t fit int an increased digestin f starch可知，原先对淀粉的猜测是人类的消化基因是为了适应不断增加的淀粉消化而逐渐进化的。故选B项。
14.推理判断题。根据第4段The starch remains shw that these early humans living in the Klasies River Cave culd battle against their tugh envirnment and find suitable fds and perhaps medicines. And as much as we all still desire the tubers (块茎), these cave cmmunities were gilling starches such as ptates n their ft-lng hearths. They knew hw t balance their diets as well as they culd, with fats frm lcal fish and ther animals可知，早期人类可以与恶劣的环境作斗争，他们找到了适合他们的食物，并且知道了如何尽可能地平衡自己的饮食，食用当地鱼类和其他动物的脂肪。由此可知，他们很辛苦也很聪明。故选A项。
15.主旨大意题。文章第1段说，研究发现人类和含淀粉类的食物关系可追溯到120,000多年前。比我们种植淀粉类植物的历史还要早100,000 多年。后文还提到了，含淀粉类食物促进了人类的演化。综合分析可知，本篇讲述的是一个关于古代淀粉的发现。故选D项。