备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题12语言与学习含解析202103052174

这是一份备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题12语言与学习含解析202103052174，共18页。

导读：随着中国在世界经济舞台的强势崛起，＂中国热＂也持续升温。越来越多的西方人开始迷上了古老神秘的中国文化。孔子学院以前所未有的模式，敲开了文化传播的世界之门。
Cnfucius Institutes
①If Cnfucius were still alive tday and culd celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there wuld be a lt f candles. He’d need a fan r a strng wind t help him ②put them ut.
While many peple in China will remember Cnfucius n his special day, few peple in the United States will give him a passing thught. It’s nthing persnal. Mst Americans dn’t even remember the birthdays f their wn natinal heres.
But this desn’t mean that Americans dn’t ③care abut Cnfucius. In many ways he has becme a bridge that freigners must crss if they want t reach a deeper understanding f China.
In the past tw decades, the Chinese studies prgrams have gained huge ppularity in Western universities. Mre recently, the Chinese gvernment has ④set up Cnfucius Institutes in mre than 80 cuntries. These schls teach bth Chinese language and culture. The main curses f Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, histry and philsphy. ⑤Sme scial scientists suggest that Westerners shuld take advantages f the ancient Chinese wisdm t make up fr the drawbacks f Westerners philsphy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing t learn Chinese. S they will be ready fr life in a wrld where China is an equal pwer with the United States. Businessmen wh hpe t make mney in China are reading bks abut Cnfucius t understand their Chinese custmers.
S the ld thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Tday China attracts the West mre than ever, and it will need mre teachers t intrduce Cnfucius and Chinese culture t the West.
⑥As fr the ld thinker, he will nt sn be frgtten by peple in the West, even if his birthday is.
孔子学院
如果孔子仍在人世，并且能在9月28日买个生日蛋糕来庆祝，那么蛋糕上可需要很多很多的蜡烛。他得需要一台风扇或者一阵大风才能把蜡烛熄灭。
虽然在这个特别的日子，很多中国人会纪念孔子，在美国却没有几个人能想起他。这事无关个人。大多数美国人甚至不记得自己的国家英雄的生日。
但是，这并不意味着美国人不喜欢孔子。在很多方面，孔子已经成为了外国人深入了解中国必须跨越的一座桥梁。
在过去的二十年里，汉语学习项目在西方的大学中受到了很大的欢迎。最近，中国政府在80多个国家创办了孔子学院。这些学院教授汉语和中国文化。主要的中国文化课程一般包括中国艺术、历史和哲学。一些社会学家建议西方人应该利用古老的中华智慧来弥补西方哲学的不足。同时，美国的学生在竞相学习中文。这样，他们就会为生活在一个中国与美国势均力敌的世界做好准备了。想要在中国赚钱的商人们也在阅读有关孔子的书籍，以便能够更好地了解他们的中国客户。
由此可见，这位老思想家的理念仍然具有很强的生命力。
今天的中国比以往任何时候都更加吸引着西方世界，这也就需要更多的师资力量将孔子和中国文化传播到西方。
至于这位老思想家，尽管他的生日被西方人遗忘了，他的思想却会被人们所铭记。
重点单词:
1. Cnfucius [kən'fju:ʃjəs] n. 孔子（中国哲学家，教育家）
2. drawback ['drɔːbæk] n. 缺点，不利条件
3. Philsphy [fɪ'lɒsəfɪ] n. 哲学；哲理；人生观
重点短语 / 亮点句式：
1. If Cnfucius were still alive tday and culd celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there wuld be a lt f candles.
如果孔子仍在人世，并且能在9月28日买个生日蛋糕来庆祝，那么蛋糕上可需要很多很多的蜡烛。
这是一个使用了虚拟语气的主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句。
If I knew his telephne number, I wuld tell yu.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（与现在事实相反）
If he had taken my advice, he wuld nt have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（与过去事实相反）
If there were a heavy snw next Sunday, we wuld nt g skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（与将来事实相反）
2. put ut 熄灭，生产。如：
The bys quickly put ut the fire with water and an ld cat.
那些男孩们很快地用水和旧外衣把火熄灭了。
The cmpany puts ut 2,000 cmputers every mnth.
这家公司每月生产二千台计算机。
3. care abut担心，关心。如：
I really care abut the students in my class.
我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。
They dn't care abut the expenses.
他们对费用不在乎。
4. set up 建立；开办；建起。如：
In remembrance f the battle, we set up a museum.
为纪念那次战役, 我们建立了一座博物馆。
He set up the statue in the square.
他把雕像竖立在广场里。
5. Sme scial scientists suggest that Westerners shuld take advantages f the ancient Chinese wisdm t make up fr the drawbacks f Westerners philsphy.
一些社会学家建议西方人应该利用古老的中华智慧来弥补西方哲学的不足。
（1）suggest作＂建议＂讲时，接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用shuld+动词原形,shuld可以省略。作＂暗示，表明＂讲时， 接宾语从句,从句用陈述语气。如:
She suggested that the class meeting (shuld) nt be held n Saturday.
她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
The expressin n his face suggested that he was very angry.
他脸上的表情表明他很生气。
（2）make up fr补偿，弥补。如：
Yu have t make up fr ur lss.
你们必须对我们的损失作出补偿。
What he lacks in speed he makes up fr in strength.
他的力量弥补了他速度的不足。
6. as fr关于，至于。如：
As fr his lneliness, I d understand it.
关于他的孤寂，我是再了解不过了。
As fr me, I teach art.
至于我自己，我教艺术。
【美文阅读2】
导读：古人云“宁可三日食无肉,不可一日居无书”，可见读书的重要和乐趣。 手捧一卷书，足不出户我们就可以横越苍茫大海、漫步丝绸之路。
Why D I Read
I grew up in a huse where the TV was seldm ①turned n and with ne wall in my bedrm entirely lined with bkshelves, mst f my childhd was spent n bks I culd get hld f. In fact, I grew up thinking f reading as natural as breathing and bks unbelievably pwerful in shaping perspectives by creating wrlds we culd step int, ②take part in and live in. With this unshakable belief, I, at furteen, decided t becme a writer. Here t, reading became useful. Every writer starts ff knwing that he has smething t say, but being unable t find the right ways t say it. He has t find his wn vice by reading widely and discvering which parts f the writers he agrees r disagrees with, r agrees with s strngly that it reshapes his wn wrld. ③He cannt write withut lving t read, because nly thrugh reading ther peple’s writing can ne discver what wrks, what desn’t and, in the end, tgether with lts f practice, what vice he has.
Nw I am in cllege, and have cme t realize hw imprtant it is t read fictin．As a law student, my reading is in fact limited t subject matter—the vlume f what I have t read fr classes every week means there is little time t read anything else. ④Such reading made it all the clearer t me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fictin reminds me that there is life beynd my wn. It allws me t travel acrss the high seas and alng the Silk Rad, all frm the cmfrt f my wn armchair, t experience, thugh secndhand, exciting experiences that I wuldn't necessarily be able t have in my lifetime.
缘何读书
小时候，我们家里很少开电视，我卧室的一面墙壁上都是书架，童年的大部分时间我都是与书为伴度过的。实际上，在成长的过程中，我一直认为读书和呼吸一样自然，而且书籍有着令人难以置信的强大力量，它创造着我们身处的社会，从而塑造着我们的观点。
怀着这种坚定的信念，十四岁时我就立志要成为一名作家。说到写作，读书就非常有用了。每个作家都是从这个阶段开始的：觉得自己有话要说，但是却苦于找不到表达的方法。他需要博览群书，找出自己同意的或者反对的内容，又是哪些内容重塑了自己的内心世界，这样他才能表达出自己的观点。不热爱读书的人就不会写作，因为只有通过阅读他人的作品他才能发现哪些方法可行，哪些不可行，最后，经过大量的练习，他就会找出自己的写作方法。
如今我上了大学，越发慢慢意识到多多阅读文学作品的重要性。作为一个法律专业的学生，我的阅读量实际上仅限于专业文献——每周必读的和功课有关的书籍已经很多，我几乎没有时间读其他的书了。这样的阅读让我清楚地知道在漫漫人生中我所处的不过是方寸之地。阅读文学作品时刻提醒我在自己的生活之外还另有天地。坐在扶手椅中，我就可以舒舒服服地横越苍茫大海、漫步丝绸之路，虽然只是间接的体验，我却经历了有生之年未必有机会去经历的新奇和刺激。
重点单词：
perspective [pə'spektɪv] n. 观点
fictin ['fɪkʃ(ə)n] n. 小说
reshape [riː'ʃeɪp] vt. 改造；再成形
vlume ['vɒljuːm] n. 量
necessarily ['nesəs(ə)rɪlɪ] adv. 必要地；必定地，必然地
重点短语 / 亮点句式：
turn n打开；发动。如：
He asked me t turn n the radi fr him.
他让我替他打开收音机。
take part in 参加。如：
He will take part in a chess turnament next week.
下星期，他将要参加一场国际象棋比赛。
He cannt write withut lving t read, because nly thrugh reading ther peple’s writing can ne discver what wrks, what desn’t and, in the end, tgether with lts f practice, what vice he has.
不热爱读书的人就不会写作，因为只有通过阅读他人的作品他才能发现哪些方法可行，哪些不可行，最后，经过大量的练习，他就会找出自己的写作方法。
“Only + 状语”位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。如：
Only in each afternn des the university library pen.
大学图书馆只有每天下午才开放。
Such reading made it all the clearer t me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life.
这样的阅读让我清楚地知道在漫漫人生中我所处的不过是方寸之地。
本句中的it作形式宾语，代替后面的that从句。如：
I think it best that yu shuld stay with yur friends.
我认为你最好和朋友们待在一起。
练习：
1. Only in this way _____ t make imprvement in the perating system.
A. yu can hpe B. yu did hpe
C. can yu hpe D. did yu hpe
2. What effect des reading have n the authr?
答案：
1. C 【解析】“Only + 状语”位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。选项D时态不对。句意：只有用这种方式你才能有希望改进操作系统。
2. It pens up a wider wrld fr him.

“语言与学习”是高考常考的话题之一。本话题包括英美英语的差异、英语和文化、语言学习的困难和策略、语言和交际的态度、学习方法和学习策略等方面。这些话题与学生的日常学习密切相关，通过这些话题的学习和考查，可以让学生了解西方语言的特点及其语言背后的文化差异，研究学习方法和策略，激发学生学习外语的热情，促进他们的身心健康。
【高考探究】
近几年高考英语中本话题常以听力、阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式来进行考查，例如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇；2018年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年高考新课标卷1完形填空；2016年四川卷完形填空；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C、D两篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解A、D两篇；2016年江苏卷阅读理解A篇和天津卷阅读理解A篇；2015年天津卷阅读理解C篇；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2012年四川卷书面表达等。
【参考词汇】
重点单词
Ⅰ.写作必记单词
1. absrb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注；吸引(注意)
2. apprach v. 接近；靠近；n.接近；方法；途径
3. curse n. 课程；过程
4. difficulty n. 困难，困境
5. explain vt.解释，说明→explanatin n. 解释；讲解；说明
6. express v. 表达；表示
7. gradually adv.逐渐地→gradual adj.逐渐的
8. master vt.精通，掌握；n.大师；主人
9. vercme v. 克服，解决
10. practice n. & v. 练习
11. request v. & n. 请求；要求
Ⅱ.阅读识记单词
12. accent n. 口音；腔调；重音
13. accumulate vt.& vi.积累；积聚→accumulatin n. 积累，积聚
14. accurate adj.准确的，精确的→accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accuracy n. 精确，准确
15. classify vt.分类
16. cnsult v. 咨询
17. crrectin n. 改正
18. effective adj.有效的→effect n. 效果，作用
19. dialect n. 方言，土语
20. enlarge vt.扩大
21. enrich vt.丰富
22. excellent adj.极好的，优秀的→excellently adv.极好地；优秀地
23. expressin n. 表达；表示；表情；词语，措辞
24. grasp vt.领会；掌握
25. fluently adv.流利地
26. frequently adj.频繁地→frequent adj.频繁的
27. memrize v. 记忆
28. prnunciatin n. 发音→prnunce vt.& vi.发音
29. recgnize v. 辨认出；承认；识别
30. scan vt.& vi.扫读；浏览
31. sentence n. 句子
32. shrtcming n. 缺点，短处
33. shrtly adv.不久；简单地，扼要地
34. skim vt.& vi.跳读；略读
35. spelling n. 拼写；拼法
36. standard n. & adj.标准(的)
37. straight adj.笔直的；正直的；adv.直接地；坦率地
38. stress n. 重音
39. term n. 术语；条目
40. usage n. 使用；用法
41. vcabulary n. 词汇
42. wnderful adj.精彩的；了不起的
重点短语
1. at present目前；现在
2. attach imprtance t重视
3. because f因为；由于
4. cme up提出；走近
5. frm the habit f养成……的习惯
6. have a gd cmmand f精通
7. have a gd knwledge f通晓
8. insist n坚持
9. mind记住……
10. lk up查阅；向上看
11. make prgress取得进步
12. make full use f充分利用
13. pick up(偶然)学得；拾起，捡起；接收
14. use使用……
15. such as例如；像
【写作示例】
1.英语学习体会
(1)enlarge ne’s vcabulary；(2)refer t the dictinary... ；(3)fcus n learning grammar；(4)frm the habit f reading；(5)reading skills/ strategies/abilities；(6)My experience tells me... (7)I practise listening tw hurs a day. (8)I find it hardest t learn English grammar. (9)The strnger the mtivatin is, the mre quickly a persn will learn a freign language.
2.英美英语差别
(1)American /British English；(2)There is little/ much difference in grammar. (3)I’m cnfused abut the difference between... and...
3.语言与文化
(1)language learning；(2)culture difference /diversity；(3)cultivate crss-cultural awareness；(4)Respect thers’ culture and custm；(5)Culture plays an imprtant rle in language learning. (6)Culture understanding enables us t ... (7)It is high time fr us t treasure and prtect culture relics.
【话题范文】
Prtect Traditinal Chinese Culture
The prtectin f natinal and flk culture is f great significance t Chinese cultural diversity and als t the harmnius develpment between lcal ecnmic and scial develpment. It is reprted that the Guangdng gvernment pays special attentin t prtecting Chaju(潮剧)， a lcal drama brn in Chazhu in the eastern Guangdng prvince.
In my pinin, sme measures shuld be taken t prtect traditinal culture effectively. T start with, we shuld make a law t regulate the sciety’s perfrmance. Besides, we shuld draw mre peple’s attentin t it, fr the mre they knw abut the imprtance f culture prtectin, the strnger the supprt we can get frm the public.
In a wrd, it is high time fr us t treasure and develp ur wn valuable culture.

I．阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What d yu d when yu need t lk smething up? G t the library? Open an encyclpedia（百科全书）? Click nt the Internet? These days, mst peple g straight t Wikipedia, the nline encyclpedia. But hw reliable is it?
There’s n denying the ppularity and usefulness f Wikipedia. It attracts as many as 78 millin visitrs every mnth, and the site is available in mre than 270 different languages. It’s ne f the mst cmprehensive resurces available which includes almst all details, facts and infrmatin that may be cncerned. It’s gt much mre infrmatin than an rdinary encyclpedia. The site is updated n a daily basis by thusands f peple arund the wrld. Anyne with an Internet cnnectin can lg n and edit the cntents r add a new page. And yu dn’t need any frmal training.
Of curse, there are sme cntrls. Wikipedia has a team f mre than 1,500 administratrs wh check fr false infrmatin. And main targets fr harmful cmments（such as pliticians）are ff-limits t public editing. But with mre than 16 millin articles t keep an eye n, it isn’t easy. S, while Wikipedia benefits frm being cnstantly updated with infrmatin frm all ver the wrld, it’s als pen t “vandals”（恣意破坏公共财物者）.
Sme f the damage is easy t ntice. One persn drew devil hrns and a mustache n Micrsft chairman Bill Gate’s pht, while anther edited Greek philspher Plat’s bigraphy t say he was a “Hawaiian weather man wh is widely believed t have been a student f ‘Barney the purple Dinsaur’”.
But ther things are harder t spt. The mst cmmn frm f vandalism（恣意破坏公共财物罪） invlves adding tiny items f false infrmatin int the bigraphy f a famus persn. Unbelievably, sme f this misinfrmatin has appeared in newspapers, with The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Independent all having fallen victim t the dirty tricks. Fr example, in an article abut British cmedian Sir Nrman Wisdm, ne newspaper claimed that he c-wrte Dame Vera Lynn’s wartime hit. There’ll be bluebirds ver the White Cliffs f Dver. He did n such thing. And in ther article, it was reprted that TV Theme tune cmpser Rnnie Hazlehurst had written the S Club 7’s hit Reach again, nt true. S, if yu’re ging t use any infrmatin frm Wikipedia, make sure yu duble- check it first.
1.Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements abut Wikipedia is true?
A.The primary jb f the administratrs is t guarantee infrmatin cnveyed is accurate.
B.Wikipedia is updated daily s it is the mst cmprehensive resurces available.
C.Wikipedia is sure t be attacked because t many peple are using it.
D.Whever has access t the Internet can edit any cntents f Wikipedia as they like.
2.The main idea f the last tw paragraphs is that___________.
A.infrmatin abut famus peple is likely t be inaccurate.
B.all items f false infrmatin are nt easy t get sptted.
C.hwever famus the papers are, they will be cheated.
D.yu can never be careful enugh while updating infrmatin nline.
3.What’s the writer’s attitude t Wikipedia accrding t the text?
A.Objective.B.Critical.C.SatisfiedD.Supprtive
4.Which is the best title fr the passage?
A.The Mst Reliable Online Encyclpedia
B.Why Is Wikipedia S Ppular?
C.An Online Encyclpedia With Advantages And Disadvantages
D.Hw Dse Wikipedia Help Yu?
B
Kk the grilla knew ver 1,000 signs based n American Sign Language, and used them t d everything frm asking fr fd t jking arund. Her trainer, Penny Pattersn, thught Kk went further still, signing in nvel ways and shwing cmplex emtins. Accrding t Ms. Pattersn, when a cat that Kk lved was killed in an accident, Kk signed: “Cat, cry, have-srry, Kk-lve.” When Kk died last mnth, sme f her bituaries (讣告) murned the grilla wh had “mastered American sign language”.
Then came the critics, frm linguists and experts in sign languages. There is n dubt that animals cmmunicate. Bees can demnstrate the directin and distance f a surce f fd. Dlphins make nises that functin like names. Yet there is an imprtant distinctin between cmmunicatin and language.
Take the misleading term “bdy language”. It is smetimes claimed that wrds cnvey just 7% f meaning, and that bdy language and tne f vice d the rest. But try cnveying a fact like “It will rain n Tuesday” with yur eyebrws, and the difference becmes clear. Language allws fr clear statements, questins and cmmands.
Nam Chmsky has argued that peple have a kind f “universal grammar”, and that all humankind’s languages are mere variatins (变奏曲) n a theme. He has changed his mind repeatedly n what makes up the essential f human language, but ne bvius candidate is syntax—rules, nt just wrds, which allw the cnstructin f huge variety f meaningful expressins. N language in the wrld merely uses relevant signs tgether like cmmunicatins at the turist-abrad level f pinting and making exaggerated facial expressins.
That grillas lack syntax shuld nt blind humans t their magnificence. But the fact that Kk culd cmmunicate shuld nt mislead bservers int thinking she pssessed language.
5.What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 1?
A.Describe an amazing animal.B.Infrm peple f Kk’s death.
C.Intrduce the tpic f the text.D.Shw Ms Pattersn’s technique.
6.What can we infer abut language accrding t the text?
A.It cnsists f wrds and bdy language and syntax.
B.Bdy language actually can’t be taken as language.
C.It’s pwer that bth humans and animals pssess.
D.Facial expressins allw fr clear statements and cmmands.
7.Which f the fllwing can best cnvey “It will rain n Tuesday”?
A.Facial expressins.B.Eyebrw mvements.
C.Pinting.D.Dialect.
8.What is the main idea f the text?
A.Human language is different frm mere cmmunicatin.
B.Rules play an essential part in human cmmunicatin.
C.Nam Chmsky is a brilliant master f human language.
D.Kk’s extrardinary skills deserve peple’s recgnitin.
C
Buttns are fund n all srts f clthing. They are usually small and rund and made f metal r plastic. They fasten, r cnnect, ne piece f clthing t anther. They make sure yur clthes dn’t fall ff. When we are speaking r writing in English, buttns can be just as useful.
Men r wmen ften wear buttn-dwn clthes t the ffice. Buttn-dwn as an adjective means t be cnservative(保守的) r traditinal. Peple wh are described as buttned-dwn stay clse as pssible t the nrmal way f dressing and behaving. They dn’t wear crazy clthing r d unusual things. Peple and events can bth be described as buttned-dwn.
If smene is buttned-up, he r she seems very business-like. In persnal relatinships, a buttned-up persn is cld and standffish, meaning they physically and emtinally keep away frm thers. Buttned-up peple are nt warm r friendly. And they d nt share their inner thughts and feelings with thers.
In the expressin “buttn up”, buttn is a verb. It means t stp talking. Nw, let’s say yu find yurself buttnhled in a cnversatin at a party. The persn just keeps talking and talking and talking! Finally, yu can’t take it any lnger. Yu tell the persn t buttn it! This is a direct, but unacceptable way f saying “stp talking”. Buttn yu lip is anther equally rude but effective t stp a persn wh talks t much.
Anther kind f difficult persn is smene wh pushes yur buttns. T push smene’s buttns means t knw exactly hw t get that persn angry r upset. Peple wh like t push ther peple’s buttns usually d it fr selfish reasns. First they find a persn’s weak pint. Then they use it t upset him.
9.Which f the fllwing best describes buttn-dwn clthes?
A.Cmfrtable.B.Attractive.
C.Frmal.D.Lse.
10.What des the underlined part “buttn it” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Cheer up!B.Calm dwn!
C.Turn away!D.Shut up!
11.What des a persn want t d if he pushes yur buttns?
A.Help yu ut.B.Make yu suffer.
C.Shw he knws yu well.D.Pint ut yur weak pints.
D
Can the way yu stand r sit affect yur success?
This is ften discussed in business—“the imprtance f bdy language”, nted U.S. news website Business Insider. “It actually has an impact n nt just the way thers lk at us, but als hw we actually perfrm.”
That’s perhaps why Harvard Business Schl prfessr Amy Cuddy sht t instant fame after giving a TED talk n the subject in 2012. Accrding t The New Yrk Times, Cuddy’ s speech is amng the mst viewed TED talks f all time.
Cuddy and her team study bdy language, particularly what they call “high- pwer” and “lw-pwer” pses. Their research shwed that standing r sitting in a certain way, even fr just tw minutes, changes ne’s bdy chemistry and self-perceptin.
“I wanted t equip peple with tls that wuld help them feel strnger, less fearful, and better able t bring their full, spirited selves t stressful situatins like speaking in class,” Cuddy tld CNN.
“High-pwer” refers t the act f taking a psture f cnfidence, even when yu dn’t feel very cnfident. Typical high-pwer pses are abut pening up. Yu stretch and expand yur bdy t take up as much space as pssible. Fr example, bsses are ding high-pwer pses when they lean back in their chairs, put their hands behind their heads, and kick their feet up nt their desks. Meanwhile, peple take lw-pwer psitins when they’re feeling helpless r defeated. They clse up, wrapping their arms arund themselves and tucking their limbs in.
“This isn’t abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t thers; it’s abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t yu. Yur bdy language is changing yur mind, which changes yur behavir, which changes yur utcmes,” said Cuddy.
The best-knwn high-pwer pse is nicknamed the “Wnder Wman” pse. Yu just stand tall with yur chest ut and yur hands n yur hips. Why nt give it a sht, and see whether yu feel mre cnfident than befre?
12.Accrding t the article, Prfessr Amy Cuddy wanted her study n bdy language t ______.
A.make peple fitter and strnger
B.help peple t becme mre cnfident
C.teach peple hw t make a better speech
D.help distinguish between peple f different scial classes
13.Which f the fllwing is prbably a high-pwer pse accrding t the article?
A.Flding yur arms when talking with thers.
B.Lking dwn while in the presence f thers.
C.Sitting with yur arm spread ut arund the chair next t yu.
D.Resting yur chin n yur hands as if wndering abut smething.
14.The main purpse f this article is t ______.
A.give practical tips n hw t cmmunicate with thers
B.explain what has made Amy Cuddy’s TED talk s ppular
C.explain why Amy Cuddy cnsiders bdy language imprtant
D.help the reader t tell the different emtins frm different pses
15.Which f the fllwing can be the best title?
A.Psturing fr SuccessB.High Pwer and Lw Pwer
C.Cuddy’s Researches n BehavirD.The “Wnder wman” Speech
A
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在线百科全书——维基百科，一部人人可编辑的自由百科全书。它是一个“自由、免费、内容开放”的网络百科全书，很受欢迎，但也有一些虚假信息。
1.细节理解题。根据第三段的Wikipedia has a team f mre than 1,500 administratrs wh check fr false infrmatin. And main targets fr harmful cmments（such as pliticians）are ff-limits t public editing.维基百科有一个由1500多名管理员组成的团队，负责检查错误信息。有害评论的主要目标(比如政客)是禁止公开编辑的。可知，管理员的主要工作是保证信息传递的准确性。故选A。
2.主旨大意题。文中说维基百科的管理者的主要工作是保证所传达的信息准确无误。最后倒数第二段用一个转折连词“But ther things are harder t spt.”最后一段的“Unbelievably, sme f this misinfrmatin has appeared in newspapers,”以及最后一句“if yu’re ging t use any infrmatin frm Wikipedia, make sure yu duble-check it first.”可知，“有一些是很难发现的，如在名人传记中添加一些小的虚假信息”、“令人难以置信的是，一些错误信息也出现在报纸上”、“如果你想使用维基百科的任何信息，请确保你先仔细检查一下”。由此可知，最后两段主要讲述了并不是所有虚假信息都很容易被发现。故选B。
3.推理判断题。文章只是介绍在线百科全书维基百科，包括它的实用性和受欢迎程度，同时也介绍了维基百科存在的问题，而没有发表自己的看法和观点，由此判断作者只是客观介绍，故选A。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在线百科全书—维基百科。第一段提出当你想要查阅一些东西时可直接去在线维基百科。第二段介绍了维基百科的流行性和实用性。第三段介绍了维基百科有一个团队主要负责核查错误的。第四和第五段告诉人们，有些错误可以容易地被发现，但有的也很难发现。最后提出忠告：如果你想使用维基百科的任何信息，请确保你先仔细检查核实。由此可判断出本文主要维基百科既有优点也有缺点。分析选项可知C项适合作文章标题。故选C。
B
【答案】5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要从一只会手语的黑猩猩Kk引入主题，谈到对人类语言及语言学习的界定。作者认为肢体语言实际上不能被当作语言，语言是可以清晰地陈述、提问和命令的。大猩猩Kk可以交流的事实不应该误导观察者认为她掌握了语言。
5.推理判断题。根据第一段由黑猩猩Kk之死引发人们对其逝去之哀悼，最后引出一条对Kk的讣告，说它掌握了美国手语。以及第二段中Then came the critics, frm linguists and experts in sign languages. There is n dubt that animals cmmunicate.(接着，来自语言学家和手语专家的批评接踵而至。毫无疑问，动物是会交流的)可知第二段开头马上提出有语言学家对此提出反对，然后文章开始讲述语言学习的规律。由此可推知，第一段在全文中就是引出话题的作用。故选C。
6.推理判断题。根据第二段中Yet there is an imprtant distinctin between cmmunicatin and language.(然而，交流和语言之间有一个重要的区别)以及第三段中Take the misleading term “bdy language”.(以具有误导性的术语“肢体语言”为例)由此可推知，肢体语言实际上不能被当作语言。故选B。
7.推理判断题。根据第三段中But try cnveying a fact like “It will rain n Tuesday” with yur eyebrws, and the difference becmes clear. Language allws fr clear statements, questins and cmmands.可知但试着用眉毛表达“周二会下雨”这样的信息，差别就会变得很明显。语言可以清晰地陈述、提问和命令。由此可推知，A、B、C选项都属于肢体语言，并不能清晰地陈述，只有D选项“方言”是可以表达“星期二”会下雨这句话的。故选D。
8.主旨大意题。根据最后一段That grillas lack syntax shuld nt blind humans t their magnificence. But the fact that Kk culd cmmunicate shuld nt mislead bservers int thinking she pssessed language.可知大猩猩不会语法不应该使人类对它们的伟大视而不见。但是Kk可以交流的事实不应该误导观察者认为她掌握了语言。结合文章主要从一只会手语的黑猩猩Kk引入主题，谈到对人类语言及语言学习的界定。作者认为肢体语言实际上不能被当作语言，语言是可以清晰地陈述、提问和命令的。大猩猩Kk可以交流的事实不应该误导观察者认为她掌握了语言。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是人类的语言不同于单纯的交流。故选A。
C
【答案】9.C 10.D 11.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纽扣在日常生活中各种衣服上很常见，但是在英语表达中，纽扣也非常有用，文章列举了几个有关“纽扣”的习惯表达。
9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段Men r wmen ften wear buttn-dwn clthes t the ffice. Buttn-dwn as an adjective means t be cnservative（保守的）r traditinal.可知，穿着纽扣的衣服去上班，代表这个人穿得很正式保守。故选C。
10.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段Buttn it后文This is a direct, but unacceptable way f saying “stp talking”. Buttn yu lip is anther equally rude but effective t stp a persn wh talks t much.可知，当你不想听一个人说话时，可以对他说Buttn it（闭嘴）。故选D。
11.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段T push smene’s buttns means t knw exactly hw t get that persn angry r upset.可知，push smene’s buttns为“故意惹恼或激怒某人”。故选B。
D
【答案】12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。肢体语言不仅会影响别人对我们的看法，还会影响我们的实际表现。哈佛商学院教授Amy Cuddy和她的团队研究身体语言，特别是他们所谓的权势姿势。他们的研究表明，以某种方式站立或坐着，即使只有两分钟，也会改变人体内的化学物质和自我感知。文章介绍了哪些是权势姿势，研究人员告诉读者肢体语言在改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果。
12.细节理解题。根据第五段“I wanted t equip peple with tls that wuld help them feel strnger, less fearful, and better able t bring their full, spirited selves t stressful situatins like speaking in class,” Cuddy tld CNN.可知在接受CNN采访时表示：“我想给人们装备一些工具，让他们感觉更强大，不那么害怕，更好地把自己带到充满压力的环境中，比如在课堂上发言。”由此可知，Amy Cuddy教授希望她对肢体语言的研究能帮助人们变得更加自信。故选B。
13.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中Typical high-pwer pses are abut pening up. Yu stretch and expand yur bdy t take up as much space as pssible.可知典型的权势姿势是关于开放的。你伸展和扩张你的身体，以占据尽可能多的空间。由此可推知，C选项“将你的手臂展开坐在你旁边的椅子上”是权势姿势。故选C。
14.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This isn’t abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t thers; it’s abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t yu. Yur bdy language is changing yur mind, which changes yur behavir, which changes yur utcmes,” said Cuddy.可知“这与你的肢体语言在向他人传达什么无关；而是你的肢体语言在向你传达什么。你的肢体语言在改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果，” Cuddy说。结合文章主要说明了肢体语言不仅会影响别人对我们的看法，还会影响我们的实际表现。哈佛商学院教授Amy Cuddy和她的团队研究身体语言，特别是他们所谓的权势姿势。他们的研究表明，以某种方式站立或坐着，即使只有两分钟，也会改变人体内的化学物质和自我感知。文章还介绍了哪些是权势姿势，研究人员告诉读者肢体语言在改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是帮助读者从不同的姿势中分辨出不同的情感。故选D。
15.主旨大意题。根据第一段Can the way yu stand r sit affect yur success?可知你站立或坐着的方式会影响你的成功吗？结合文章主要说明了肢体语言不仅会影响别人对我们的看法，还会影响我们的实际表现。哈佛商学院教授Amy Cuddy和她的团队研究身体语言，特别是他们所谓的权势姿势。他们的研究表明，以某种方式站立或坐着，即使只有两分钟，也会改变人体内的化学物质和自我感知。文章还介绍了哪些是权势姿势，研究人员告诉读者肢体语言在改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果。由此可知，A选项“成功的姿态”最符合文章标题。故选A。