高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题（练）-专题练习（七）(含答案与解析）

这是一份高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题（练）-专题练习（七）(含答案与解析），共8页。试卷主要包含了【2012北京,D】，【2011陕西卷,D】，【2010重庆卷C】，【2010湖北卷B】，【2010江西卷C】等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解
Why cllege is nt hme
The cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant grwth in autnmy(自主性) and the develpment f adult identity. Hwever, nw they are becming an extended perid f adlescence, during which many f tday's students are nt shuldered with adult respnsibilities.
Fr previus generatins, cllege was a decisive break frm parental cntrl; guidance and supprt needed t cme frm peple f the same age and frm within. In the past tw decades, hwever, cntinued cnnectin with and dependence n family, thanks t cellphnes, e­mail and scial media, have increased significantly. Sme parents g s far as t help with cursewrk. Instead f prmting the idea f cllege as a passage frm the shelter f the family t autnmy and adult respnsibility, universities have given in t the idea that they shuld prvide the same envirnment as that f the hme.
T prepare fr increased autnmy and respnsibility, cllege needs t be a time f explratin and experimentatin. This prcess invlves “trying n” new ways f thinking abut neself bth intellectually(在思维方面) and persnally. While we shuld prvide “safe spaces” within clleges, we must als make it safe t express pinins and challenge majrity views. Intellectual grwth and flexibility are fstered by strict debate and questining.
Learning t deal with the scial wrld is equally imprtant. Because a cllege cmmunity(群体) differs frm the family, many students will struggle t find a sense f belnging. If students rely n administratrs t regulate their scial behaviur and thinking pattern, they are nt facing the challenge f finding an identity within a larger and cmplex cmmunity.
Mrever, the tendency fr universities t mnitr and shape student behaviur runs up against anther characteristic f yung adults: the respnse t being cntrlled by their elders. If acceptable scial behaviur is t strictly defined(规定) and cntrlled, the insensitive r aggressive behaviur that administratrs are seeking t minimize may actually be encuraged.
It is nt surprising that yung peple are likely t burst ut, particularly when there are reasns t d s. Our generatin nce jined hands and std firm at times f natinal emergency. What is lacking tday is the cnflict between adlescents’ desire fr autnmy and their understanding f an unsafe wrld. Therefre, there is the desire fr their drms t be replacement hmes and nt places t experience intellectual grwth.
Every cllege discussin abut cmmunity values, scial climate and behaviur shuld include recgnitin f the develpmental imprtance f student autnmy and self­regulatin, f the necessary tensin between safety and self­discvery.
1．Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in the passage?（ ）
AB
BC
I:IntrductinP:PintSp:Sub­pint(次要点)C:Cnclusin
2．【2012北京,D】
Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservatin f the wrld.”This is a famus saying frm a writer regarded as ne f the fathers f envirnmentalism. The frequency with which it is brrwed mirrrs a heated debate n envirnmental prtectin: whether t place wilderness at the heart f what is t be preserved.
As Jhn Sauven f Greenpeace UK pints ut, there is a strng appeal in images f the wild, the untuched; mre than anything else, they speak f the nature that many peple value mst dearly. The urge t leave the subject f such images untuched is strng, and the danger explitatin(开发) brings t such landscapes(景观) is real. Sme f these wildernesses als perfrm functins that humans need — the rainfrests, fr example, stre carbn in vast quantities. T Mr. Sauven, these “ecsystem services” far utweigh the gains frm explitatin.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellw at the Hudsn Institute, takes the ppsing view. He acknwledges that wildernesses d prvide useful services, such as water cnservatin. But that is nt, he argues, a reasn t avid all human presence, r indeed cmmercial and industrial explitatin. There are ever mre peple n the Earth, and they reasnably and rightfully want t have better lives, rather than merely struggle fr survival. While the ways f using resurces have imprved, there is still a grwing need fr raw materials, and sme wildernesses cntain them in abundance. If they can be tapped withut reducing the services thse wildernesses prvide, the argument ges, there is n further reasn nt t d s. Being untuched is nt, in itself, a characteristic wrth valuing abve all thers.
I lk frward t seeing these views taken further, and t their being challenged by the ther participants. One challenge that suggests itself t me is that bth cases need t take n the questin f spiritual value a little mre directly. And there is a practical questin as t whether wildernesses can be explited withut harm.
This is a tpic that calls fr nt nly free expressin f feelings, but als the guidance f reasn. What psitin wilderness shuld enjy in the preservatin f the wrld bviusly deserves much mre serius thinking.
2．Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
CP:Central PintP:PintSp:Sub­pint(次要点)C:Cnclusin
3．【2011陕西卷,D】
Ever since they were first put n the market in the early 1990s, genetically mdified(GM,转基因) fds have been increasingly develped and marketed in many cuntries in the wrld, mainly n the basis f their prmise t end the wrldwide fd crisis. But can GM technlgy slve wrld hunger prblems? Even if it wuld, is it the best slutin?
Despite what it prmises, GM technlgy actually has nt increased the prductin ptential f any crp. In fact, studies shw that the mst crwn GM crp. GM sybeans, has suffered reduced prductivity. Fr instance, a reprt than analyzed nearly tw decades f research n majr GM fd crps shws that GM engineering has failed t significantly increase US crp prductin.
Smething else, hwever, has been n the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM cmpanies tell farmers that they will make gd prfits by saving mney n pesticides(杀虫剂). On the cntrary, US gvernment data shw that GM crps in the US have prduced an verall increase in pesticide use cmpared t traditinal crps. “The prmise was that yu culd use less chemicals and bst prductin. But neither is true,” said Bill Christensn, President f the US Natinal Farm Calitin.
At the same time, the authrs f the bk Wrld Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is mre than enugh fd in the wrld and that the hunger crisis is nt caused by prductin, but by prblems in fd distributin and plitics. These indeed deserve ur effrts and mney. Meanwhile, the rise in fd prices results frm the increased use f crps fr fuel rather than fd, accrding t a 2008 Wrld Bank reprt.
As a matter f fact, scientists see better ways t feed the wrld. Anther Wrld Bank reprt cncluded that GM crps have little t ffer t the challenges f wrldwide pverty and hunger, because better ways ut are available, amng which “green” farming is suppsed t be the first chice.
3．The authr develps the secnd paragraph mainly（ ）
A．By classificatinB．by cmparisn
C．by exampleD．by prcess
4．【2010重庆卷C】
It is hardly surprising that clthing manufacturers(生产商) fllw certain unifrm standards fr varius features(特征) f clthes. What seems strange, hwever, is that the standard adpted fr wmen is the ppsite f the ne fr men. Take a lk at the way yur clthes buttn. Men’s clthes tend t buttn frm the right, and wmen’s frm the left. Cnsidering mst f the wrld’s ppulatin — men and wmen — are right­handed, the men’s standard wuld appear t make mre sense fr wmen. S why d wmen’s clthes buttn frm the left?
Histry really seems t matter here. Buttns first appeared nly n the clthes f the rich in the 17th century, when rich wmen were dressed by servants. Fr the mstly right­handed servants, having wmen’s shirts buttn frm the left wuld be easier. On the ther hand, having men’s shirts buttn frm the right made sense, t. Mst men dressed themselves, and a swrd drawn frm the left with the right hand wuld be less likely t get caught in the shirt.
Tday wmen are seldm dressed by servants, but buttning frm the left is still the standard fr them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, nce set, resists change. At a time when all wmen’s shirts buttned frm the left, it wuld have been risky fr any single manufacture t ffer wmen’s shirts that buttned frm the right. After all, wmen had grwn s used t shirts which buttned frm the left and wuld have t develp new habits and skills t switch. Besides, sme wmen might have fund it scially awkward t appear in public wearing shirts that buttned frm the right, since anyne wh nticed that wuld believe they were wearing men’s shirts.
4．The passage is mainly develped by（ ）
A．analyzing causes
B．making cmparisns
C．examining differences
D．fllwing the time rder
5．【2010湖北卷B】
Fr many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a lng war, but years g by withut any clear winner. Like a brder cnflict between neighbring cuntries, the parent­teen war is abut bundaries: Where is the line between what I cntrl and what yu d?
Bth sides want peace, but neither feels it has any pwer t stp the cnflict. In part, this is because neither is willing t admit any respnsibility fr starting it. Frm the parents’ pint f view, the nly cause f their fight is their adlescents’cmplete unreasnableness. And f curse, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except ppsitely. Bth feel trapped.
In this article, I’ll describe three n­win situatins that cmmnly arise between teens and parents and then suggest sme ways ut f the trap. The first n­win situatin is quarrels ver unimprtant things. Examples include the clr f the teen’s hair, the cleanliness f the bedrm, the preferred style f clthing, the child’s failure t eat a gd breakfast befre schl, r his tendency t sleep until nn n the weekends. Secnd, blaming. The gal f a blaming battle is t make the ther admit that his bad attitude is the reasn why everything ges wrng. Third, needing t be right.
It desn’t matter what the tpic is — plitics, the laws f physics, r the prper way t break an egg — the pint f these arguments is t prve that yu are right and the ther persn is wrng, fr bth wish t be cnsidered an authrity — smene wh actually knws smething — and therefre t cmmand respect. Unfrtunately, as lng as parents and teens cntinue t assume that they knw mre than the ther, they’ll cntinue t fight these battles frever and never make any real prgress.
It desn’t matter what the tpic is — plitics, the laws f physics, r the prper way t break an egg — the pint f these arguments is t prve that yu are right and the ther persn is wrng, fr bth wish t be cnsidered an authrity — smene wh actually knws smething — and therefre t cmmand respect. Unfrtunately, as lng as parents and teens cntinue t assume that they knw mre than the ther, they’ll cntinue t fight these battles frever and never make any real prgress.
5．What will the authr mst prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?（ ）
A．Causes fr the parent­teen cnflicts.
B．Examples f the parent­teen war.
C．Slutins fr the parent­teen prblems.
D．Future f the parent­teen relatinship.
6．【2010江西卷C】
Kng Zi, als called Cnfucius(551~479 B．C．), and Scrates (469~399 B．C．) lived nly a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was n cntact between China and Greece, but it is interesting t lk at hw the wrld that each f these great philsphers came frm shaped their ideas, and hw these ideas in turn, shaped their scieties.
Neither philspher lived in times f peace, thugh there were mre wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city­states were small and urban. The urban envirnment in which Scrates lived allwed him t be mre radical(激进的) than Cnfucius. Unlike Cnfucius, Scrates was nt asked by rulers hw t gvern effectively. Thus Scrates was able t be mre idealistic, fcusing n issues like freedm, and knwledge fr its wn sake. Cnfucius, n the ther hand, advised thse in gvernment service, and many f his students went n t gvernment service.
Cnfucius suggested the Glden Rule as a principle fr the cnduct f life:“ D nt d t thers what yu wuld nt want thers t d t yu.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, thugh sme had mre ptential than thers, and that it was knwledge that set men apart. Scrates fcused n the individual, and thught that the greatest purpse f man was t seek wisdm. He believed that sme had mre ptential t develp their reasn than thers did. Like Cnfucius, he believed that the superir class shuld rule the inferir(下层的) classes.
Fr Scrates, the family was f n imprtance, and the cmmunity f little cncern. Fr Cnfucius, hwever, the family was the centre f sciety, with family relatins cnsidered much mre imprtant than plitical relatins.
Bth men are respected much mre tday than they were in their lifetimes.
6．This passage is rganized in the pattern f（ ）
A．time and events
B．cmparisn and cntrast
C．cause and effect
D．definitin and classificatin高考英语专题练习（七）
阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（练）
答 案
1~5 CDCAC
6．B
高考英语专题练习（七）
阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（练）
解 析
1．文章结构题.第一段提出论点：大学阶段应该是自我能力和个性发展的重要成长时期，然而现在成了青春期的延伸期，在此期间,很多大学生没有承担起成年人的责任，第二段分析其原因:目前这一代人，大学阶段本来应该是独立阶段，但是父母包办过多.第三、四段从学校、个人两方面谈到如何培养责任感和社交能力；第五、六段是第三、四段观点的延伸，最后一段呼吁大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展和自我规范的重要性。
2．结构解析题。文章第一段提出中心论点：荒野是否值得保护；第二段提出了分论点：Jhn Seven认为 荒野的开发是有害的；第三段提出了分观点：Lee Lane认为荒野是必需的；第四段作者认为应当客观地看待这两种观点；最后一段给出结论：荒野是否值得保护需要更多的考虑。所以选D。
3．第二段主要通过举例来证明观点，故应选C项。
4．篇章结构题。文章先是提出男女服装上系纽扣的区别，然后在分析这种习俗的原因。
5．篇章结构题.由最后一段第一句“In this article, I’ll describe three n-win situatins that cmmnly arise between teens and parents and then suggest sme ways ut f the trap.”可知,应选C项。
6．篇章结构题。纵观全文，文章用对比的手法叙述了两位古代哲学家思想的异同。