高考英语-书面表达之概要写作-专题练习（十九）(含答案与解析）

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1．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
With glbal warming and melting ice, it isn’t easy being a plar bear anymre. Sme studies have predicted that plar bears culd die ut by the end f the century. The gd news is nt all researchers think the bears are abslutely disappearing. Scientists at the American Museum f Natural Histry（AMNH） have published a new paper indicating that things might nt be as bad fr plar bears as sme scientists expect.
T understand the reasn fr the researchers’ cautius ptimism, we must first understand the factrs that are threatening the plar bear’s existence. Plar bears cnsume a diet f mainly yung seals. In rder t hunt these seals, plar bears need t rest at the tp f sea ice — the same ice that is increasingly melting fr mst f the year thanks t climate change. In anther 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be t warm fr sea ice t frm fr half f the year, leaving plar bears withut a reliable fd surce and in serius danger f starvatin.
As it turns ut, alternative fd surces fr the plar bears aren’t cmpletely ut f the questin. Fr as lng as bilgists have tailed after the animals, they’ve seen plar bears eating animals fund n land like caribu（驯鹿） and snw geese — as well as the snw geese’s eggs.
Can plar bears actually survive ff these alternative fd surces fr lng perids f time? T figure this ut, researchers calculated the nutrients that a caribu and snw geese diet wuld prvide. They fund that even adult male plar bears wuld be able t btain mre calries than they wuld burn in hunting these meals. Mrever, the fd wuld prvide the fd necessary t avid starvatin during the summer mnths.
Unfrtunately, nt all plar bears have tended t seek fd n land. That said, the researchers expect that necessity wuld push mre plar bears t hunt n land t avid starvatin. They als expect that the bears culd learn frm their fellw bears hw t hunt n land until the practice becmes secnd nature.
2．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
In a small village, the parents f a little by were very depressed due t his bad temper（脾气）. The by used t get angry very easily and hurt thers with his wrds. While he frgt what he spke in anger, his friends and neighbrs avided him.
His mther and father tried many ways t make him give up his anger and develp kindness. Unfrtunately, all their attempts failed. Finally, the by’s father came up with an idea.
One day, his father gave him a huge bag f nails, asking him t hammer ne nail t the fence every time he lst his temper. The little by fund it funny and accepted what his father had said.
His anger drve him t hammer 30 nails int the fence n the first day! Over the next few days, the little by fund it very difficult t hammer the nails int the fence and decided t cntrl his temper.
Gradually, the number f nails hammered int the fence was reduced and the day arrived when he hammered nne!
Nw, his father tld him t remve the nails every day as he had cntrlled his anger. Several days passed and the by was able t pull ut mst f the nails frm the fence.
The father appreciated him and asked him, pinting t ne f the hles, “What d yu see there?”
The by replied, “A hle in the fence?”
He tld the by, “The nails were yur bad temper and they were hammered int peple. Yu can remve the nails but still see the hles in the fence. The fence never lks the same! It has scars all ver! Yur bad temper and anger were like that! Use wrds fr gd. Use them t shw yur heart!”
3．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
A wman gave up her fetus（胎儿） in Central China’s Hubei Prvince after her 13­year­ld daughter threatened t cmmit suicide.
The event drew peple’s attentin t the single child mentality, which may be an bstacle as the cuntry tries t relax the single child plicy. The wman, 44, had been pregnant fr 13 weeks. Her daughter became unhappy after knwing that she was ging t have a brther r sister. Her anxiety reached its peak, when the ninth grader cut her wrists with a razr blade in an attempted suicide, accrding t a reprt f the lcal Wuhan Evening News.
The case may sund extreme, but the girl is nt the nly child in China shwing jealusy f a yunger sibling. Zhuang Zhuang（nt his real name） was 16 when his yunger brther was brn last year. Since then he’s fallen behind in his classes.
“They never cared abut me again,” the teenager cmplained. “I’m under great pressure t d well in academic perfrmances, s as t win attentin frm my parents.”
The ne child plicy was relaxed in 2013, in an attempt t address the cuntry’s declining labr frce and aging ppulatin. A majrity f the Chinese prvincial regins, including the mst ppulated Henan, have allwed cuples t have a secnd child if either parent is an nly child. Beijing als fllwed suit. Althugh 11 millin cuples have been granted a permit t have a secnd child, statistics frm the Natinal Health and Family Planning Cmmissin shw nly clse t ne millin cuples ut f them filed birth applicatins by the end f last year. “Ecnmic cst”, “time cst” and “ne child is enugh” were listed as tp reasns fr nt having a secnd child, accrding t a survey by China Yuth Daily. Many parents give the third reasn, ut f cncern fr their first child.
Xia Xueluan, a scilgy prfessr at Peking University, believes the ne child plicy, enacted mre than three decades ag, created many yung “emperrs” and “empresses” in China. “Parents spiled their children, s many kids tend t be self-centered withut cnsideratin fr thers,” he said.
4．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Yu may never think a dcumentary film culd have arused s much public enthusiasm in Chinese histry. Nwadays everybdy is talking abut a new 7­part dcumentary called A Bite f China which was recently bradcast late at night n CCTV­1. The dcumentary describes varius gurmet items acrss the vast Chinese culinary landscape.
Accrding t Taba, China’s biggest nline retail website, just five days after the series began t air, nearly 6 millin peple went t the site in search f varius lcal specialties, particularly thse mentined in the dcumentary. Mre than 7.2 millin deals were cncluded. A ham prducer frm Yunnan Prvince saw his sales grw 17­fld in five days.
Hwever, ne can’t help but believe that the dcumentary’s ppularity is prbably linked t the endless stream f terrible fd security issues that have emerged in recent years. In ne well received article, a netizen wrte, “I wnder hw many felt s empty hearted and sighed after watching the film. Blue vitril watered chive, frmaldehyde sprayed cabbage, Sudan Red clred salty eggs, restaurants using gutter il. The list is lng...”
Hw will a varied and ancient fd culture that is famus wrldwide and which shuld have made the Chinese prud end? Fd is the mst vital thing in peple’s lives. Yet China’s fd industry has made peple a little wrried due t sme severe fd safety crisis. The market is huge while the cst f faking and cheating is s lw fr immral businessmen; and the punishment is t light. Take the milk industry as an example. Althugh Sanlu, the cmpany that sld the melamine adulterated milk pwder, was punished, thusands f ther dairies didn’t wrk hard t imprve the quality. Therefre, fd safety prblems shuld be an imprtant cncern f Chinese gvernment s that ur ancient fd culture can be preserved.
As the dcumentary shws, peple are attracted nt t gurmet items like mats take, a species f rare mushrm grwn naturally in remte frests, but t cmmn Chinese dishes like barley, ltus rt r tfu. They are what meet ur basic needs. This explains why peple are s excited abut A Bite f China — it is a reminder that there is still a wrld ut there where fd is excellent and safe.
5．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
A tender wman, r an independent ne, which ne wuld yu prefer? A recent research shws that mst peple wuld chse the latter.
This type f wman is called a nühanzi （“tugh wman”）. Experts believe these characteristics have scial and psychlgical rts amng yung females in China. Su Ha’s friends all call her a tugh wman, because she can finish tugh tasks usually carried ut by men. Fr example, she carries 10­litre water t her drmitry n the 5th flr. “I depend n n ne but myself,” she says.
Accrding t a recent survey by China Yuth Daily, tugh wmen have becme rather cmmn in sciety. Of the 21,265 respndents, 78.5 percent said they are familiar with a tugh wman. Abut 50 percent said they like wmen with tugh characteristics, while less than 29 percent expressed the ppsite view.
Why are tugh wmen gaining ppularity? Shen Meng, a psychlgical cnsultant, believes the fierce cmpetitin in sciety is cntributing t this trend. “Wmen are ften in a disadvantaged psitin cmpared t men,” Shen says. “In rder t survive, they have t be independent, strng and tugh. ” Liu Xialin, prfessr f psychlgy at Wuhan Mental Health Center, believes tugh wmen are brught up this way. They are ften n clse relatinship with their fathers, wh teach their daughters t be brave and decisive,” he says. As a result, these wmen are mre likely t be psychlgically healthy and mre tlerant t stress, accrding t Liu.
Thugh Liu believes that this is a gd trend, Hu Shenzhi, a psychlgist at the Guangdng Sunflwer Cunseling Center, says the ppularity f tugh wman indicates an unclear line between gender identities, which can lead t relatinship prblems. “Sme wmen with characteristics that differ frm the traditinal female image may have a difficult time finding Mr. Right,” he says. “Even if they get married, their manly characteristics might cause family cnflicts.
6．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
In mdern sciety there is a great deal f argument abut cmpetitin. Sme value it highly, believing that it is respnsible fr scial prgress and prsperity（繁荣）. Others say that cmpetitin is bad, that it sets ne persn against anther and that it leads t unfriendly relatinship between peple.
I have taught many children wh held the belief that their self-wrth relied n hw well they perfrmed at tennis and ther skills. Fr them, playing well and winning are ften life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit（追求） f success, the develpment f many ther human qualities is sadly frgtten.
Hwever, while sme seem t be lst in the desire t succeed, thers take an ppsite attitude. In a culture which nly values the winner and pays n attentin t the rdinary players, they strngly blame cmpetitin. Amng the mst vcal are yungsters wh have suffered under cmpetitive pressures frm their parents r sciety. Teaching these yung peple, I ften bserve in them a desire t fail. They seem t seek failure by nt trying t win r achieve success. By nt trying, they always have an excuse, “I may have lst, but it desn’t matter because I really didn’t want t try.” What is nt usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lst, that wuld mean a lt.
Such a lss wuld be a measure f their wrth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that f true cmpetitrs wh try t prve themselves. Bth are based n the mistaken belief that ne’s self-respect relies n hw well ne perfrms in cmparisn with thers. Bth are afraid f nt being valued. Only as this basic and ften trublesme fear begins t disslve（缓解） can we discver a new meaning in cmpetitin.
7．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred （监控） in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e­mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,” says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. “They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.”
Researchers analyzing wrd-f-muth cmmunicatin — e­mails, Web psts and reviews, face-t-face cnversatins — fund that it tended t be mre psitive than negative（消极的）, but that didn’t necessarily mean peple preferred psitive news. Was psitive news shared mre ften simply because peple experienced mre gd things than bad things? T test fr that pssibility, Dr. Berger lked at hw peple spread a particular set f news stries: thusands f articles n The New Yrk Times’ website. He and a Penn. clleague analyzed the “mst e­mailed” list fr six mnths. One f his first findings was that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than cnscience articles. He fund that science amazed The Times’ readers and made them want t share this psitive feeling with thers.
Readers als tended t share articles that were exciting r funny, r that inspired negative feelings like anger r anxiety, but nt articles that left them merely sad. They needed t be arused（激发） ne way r the ther, and they preferred gd news t bad. The mre psitive an article was, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new bk, Cntagius: Why Things Catch On.
8．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Fr thse wh study the develpment f intelligence in the animal wrld, self-awareness is an imprtant measurement. An animal that is aware f itself has a high level f intelligence.
Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recgnizes itself in the mirrr, that is, its wn reflected image. Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying little attentin t the reflected image. Only humans, and sme intelligent animals like apes and dlphins, have been shwn t recgnize that the image in the mirrr is f themselves.
Nw anther animal has jined the club. In the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences, researchers reprt that an Asian elephant has passed the mirrr self-reflectin test.
“We thught that elephants were the next imprtant animal,” said Diana Reiss f the Wildlife Cnservatin Sciety, an authr f the study with Jshua M. Plutnic and Fans B.M. de Waal f Emry University. “With their large brains,” Reiss said, “elephants seemed like cusins t apes and dlphins.”
The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Brnx Z. They put an 8­ft­square mirrr n a wall f the animals’ play area （ut f the sight f z visitrs） and recrded what happened with cameras, including ne built in the mirrr.
The elephants used their lng nses t find what was behind it, and t examine parts f their bdies.
Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted n ne side f her face. She culd tell the mark was there by lking in the mirrr, and she used the mirrr t tuch the mark with her lng nse.
Diana Reiss said, “We knew elephants were intelligent, but nw we can talk abut their intelligence in a better way.”
9．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Grup exercise is ne f the mst effective ways t imprve physical fitness and sustain（保持） a healthy lifestyle. Grup exercise is challenging, yet fun and empwering! Of curse everyne knws that exercise is gd fr the bdy. Hwever, studies have shwn that when exercise is perfrmed in grups, it’s nt nly great fr imprving physical health but fr psychlgical health. It’s an pprtunity t be scial, release endrphins（内啡肽）, and imprve yur strength. Additinally, grup exercise creates a cmmunity feel and the shared cmmn gal mtivates participants t wrk hard. The instrumental supprt f taking n a fitness jurney with thers prves mre effective than ging t the gym alne.
Anther beneficial aspect f grup exercise is the infrmatinal supprt participants receive frm the instructr. Many peple fear the gym because they feel lst and dn’t want t embarrass themselves. If yu feel yu can relate, then grup training is an even better ptin fr yu. It’s a great pprtunity t learn mre abut fitness thrugh the clear instructin and supervisin f a fitness instructr. If yu’re tired f wandering arund the gym wasting time and becming bred, yu can attend an upbeat grup fitness class that’ll keep yur wrkut n track. Dn’t let fitness frighten yu!
If yu’re serius abut wanting t live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely imprtant t surrund yurself with peple wh’ll prvide yu with the prper emtinal supprt. I wuldn’t scld anyne fr deciding t party n weekends and in turn I wuldn’t expect anyne t give ffence t me fr fcusing n my health. Surrund yurself with peple wh uplift, encurage and understand yu! Make fitness even mre fun by trying smething new r any grup fitness class, with a friend. Plan t g fr a jg tgether. Then try a fun healthy restaurant r fresh juice bar! Fitness can be bth fun and scial!
Surrunding yurself with peple wh’ll prvide yu with respect supprt can be very beneficial while wrking twards reaching health and fitness gals. First, decide t d it fr yurself and wrk twards staying psitive. Then make sure the peple yu surrund yurself with are supprtive. Dn’t let negativity ruin yur mtivatin.
10．概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
If yu knw smething is bad fr yu, why can’t yu just stp? Abut 70% f smkers say they wuld like t stp. Drug and alchl abusers struggle t give up the bad habits that hurt their bdies and destry families and friendships. And many f us have unhealthy weight that we culd lse if nly we wuld eat right and exercise mre. S why dn’t we d it?
Sme scientists have been searching fr answers. They’ve studied what happens in ur brains as habits frm. They’ve fund answers t why bad habits, nce frmed, are s difficult t kick. And they’re develping ways t help us make the changes we’d like t make.
Habits are a nrmal part f life, and are ften helpful. “We wake up every mrning, shwer, cmb ur hair r brush ur teeth withut being aware f it,” Vlker says. We can drive alng familiar rutes withut really thinking abut the directins. “When behavirs becme autmatic, it gives us an advantage, because the brain des nt have t perfrm the actin n purpse,” Vlker says. This frees up ur brains t fcus n different things.
One way t kick bad habits is t fcus n yur unhealthy habits. Then try yur best t stp them. Fr example, habits can be linked in ur minds t certain places and activities. Yu culd develp a plan, t avid walking dwn the hall where there’s a candy machine. Try t avid ging t places where yu’ve usually smked. Stay away frm friends and situatins linked t prblem drinking r drug use.
Anther helpful way is t replace unhealthy habits with new, healthy nes. “It desn’t wrk fr everyne,” Vlker says. “But certain grups f patients wh have a histry f taking drugs can d smething else like running and it helps them stay away frm drugs.” 高考英语专题练习（十九）
书面表达之概要写作
解 析
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One pssible versin:
There was a little bad-tempered by in a small village（要点一）. T help him give up his anger, his father asked him t hammer a nail int a fence whenever he became angry（要点二）and remve ne whenever he didn’t lse his temper（要点三）. Gradually, the by culd cntrl his temper（要点四）. This stry tells us just like hles in a fence, a bad temper and anger can hurt thers frever（要点五）.
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Nwadays scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries. This is because when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. They als fund that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn­science articles. Mrever, readers als tended t share articles that are exciting r funny.
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