2022版高考英语一轮复习对点冲关训练板块2第3讲形容词转换为名词副词或动词含解析外研版202103311197

第3讲

单句语法填空

1．Although three days isn't very long, ________ (short) of time is the least of his problems.

shortage　[设空处应填入形容词short的名词形式shortage。]

2．It was the lack of ________ (private) that eventually persuaded us to move after Ben was born.

privacy　[设空处应填入形容词private的名词形式privacy。]

3．The sudden ________ (weak) in her legs made her almost fall to the ground.

weakness　[设空处应填入形容词weak的名词形式weakness。]

4．Not fearing of the prison guards' ________ (cruel), he kept active and begged no mercy from them.

cruelty　[设空处应填入形容词cruel的名词形式cruelty。]

5．Her assistance and encouragement were so beneficial to his psychology that he adapted to his ________ (disable) soon.

disability　[设空处应填入形容词disable的名词形式disability。]

6．Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

gradually　[设空处应填入形容词gradual的副词形式gradually。]

7．You will ________(automatic) get free dental treatment if you are under 18．

automatically　[设空处应填入形容词automatic的副词形式automatically。]

8．We are using drones to film the Great Wall, which provides a ________ (complete) new and fascinating perspective.

completely　[设空处应填入形容词complete的副词形式completely。]

9．More ________ (surprising), a narrow street in Barcelona was typical of Mediterranean villages.

surprisingly　[设空处应填入形容词surprising的副词形式surprisingly。]

10．We can ________ (large) the reading room by knocking through between the two small rooms.

enlarge　[设空处应填入形容词large的动词形式enlarge。]

语法填空

A

Kiwis are endangered little birds native to New Zealand.It 1．________ (believe) that these small birds exist as a result of New Zealand's isolation (隔离) from the other parts of the world, forcing animals there 2．________ (adapt) and evolve (进化) so as to be able to survive and reproduce.The evolution is what has led to the present 3．________ (appear) of the kiwi bird.

Kiwis are a national symbol of New Zealand, with the name kiwi 4．________ (be) associated with many things in New Zealand including their famous rugby national team.

Kiwis have excellent memories and can remember something that 5．________ (happen) as long as five years back.Even though they have feathers, their feathers look and feel 6．________ (much) like hair rather than feathers.This enables them to be able to hide in a bush and go 7．________ (complete) unnoticed by their natural enemies.Unlike most birds, the kiwi bird has a great sense of smell 8．________ enables them to sniff out prey (猎物) hidden in bushes and underground.

The smallest kiwi bird has 9．________ height of 45 centimeters and weight of 2 kilograms while the largest kiwi can grow 10．________ 50 centimeters tall and can weigh 3.5 kilograms.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几维鸟的相关信息。几维鸟是新西兰的特有物种，也是新西兰的国鸟及象征。

1．is believed　[此处是陈述一种客观事实，故应用一般现在时；It is believed that...表示“据认为……”。故此处应填一般现在时的被动语态is believed。]

2．to adapt　[force...to do sth.表示“强迫……做某事”，为固定用法，故应填不定式形式to adapt。]

3．appearance　[此处表示“几维鸟目前的外观”，present在句中为形容词，故此处应填所给词的名词形式appearance。]

4．being　[此处是“with＋名词＋分词”结构，由于kiwi与动词短语“be associated with”之间是主动关系，故此处应填所给词的现在分词形式being。]

5．happened　[此处表示“五年前发生的事情”，故应用一般过去时，故填happened。]

6．more　[句意：“它们的羽毛看上去和摸起来都更像是茸毛而非羽毛”，因此应填所给词的比较级more。]

7．completely　[此处是副词修饰过去分词unnoticed，故填completely。]

8．that/which　[此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是a geat sense of smell，指物，且引导词在定语从句中作主语。故应填关系代词that或which。]

9．a　[have a height of...表示“有……高”，故应填不定冠词a。]

10．to　[此处表示“最大的几维鸟可以长到五十厘米”，故应填介词to。]

B

Black holes aren't actually holes.They are  11．________ (object)that contain a lot of mass packed into a tiny area.Most black holes form when giant stars die and break down.As  12．________ star dies，the material that it's made  13．________ gets squeezed into a smaller and smaller space.Eventually it forms  14．________ is called a stellar­(恒星的) mass black hole.Astronomers estimate that one of these relatively small black holes  15．________ (be)born every second.

Supermassive black holes are much  16．________ (big)，as their name suggests.Instead of containing the mass of one star，they can contain the mass of millions or billions of stars.

Scientists first picked up signs of black holes in the late 1700s.But no one had actually seen one until  17．________ (recent)．Because light can't leave a black hole，it's not possible to see one with a regular telescope.But many black holes are surrounded by a swirling ring of gas and other material.This ring，18．________ (call)an accretion disk(吸积盘)，heats up and gives off light.Scientists can study that light to learn about black holes.

In early 2019，scientists  19．________ (share)the first picture of a black hole.They made this picture 20．________ (use)a virtual telescope that combined the power of eight observatories around the world.

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了黑洞的形成和科学家目前对它的了解等。

11．objects　[考查名词单复数。句意：它们是在很小的区域包含大量质量的物质。设空处位于系动词are后作表语，分析句子结构可知，空后是由that引导的定语从句，设空处为先行词，应用名词，且根据主语They和空后的contain可知，设空处应用复数形式，故填objects。]

12．a　[考查冠词。句意：当一颗恒星死亡时，它的组成物质会被挤压到一个越来越小的空间里。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一颗恒星”，应用不定冠词，且star的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]

13．of　[考查介词。句意见上一题解析。be made of为固定搭配，意为“由……制成”，故填of。]

14．what　[考查名词性从句。句意：最终它形成了所谓的恒星质量黑洞。设空处位于动词forms后，引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代物，应用what引导，故填what。]

15．is　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：天文学家估计，这些相对较小的黑洞每秒都会有一个诞生。分析句子成分可知，设空处为that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词。由主句的谓语动词estimate可判断，从句是推测客观情况，应用一般现在时；且从句主语one of these relatively small black holes为第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填is。]

16．bigger　[考查形容词的比较等级。句意：顾名思义，超大质量黑洞要大得多。设空处位于系动词are后作表语，应用形容词；且根据句意和空前的much可知，此处应用比较级，故填bigger。]

17．recently　[考查词性转换。句意：但直到最近才有人真正看到过黑洞。结合句意可知，此处用作时间状语，表示“最近”，应用副词，故填recently。]

18．called　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这个环被称为吸积盘，散发热量和光。本句中已有谓语heats up和gives off，且与call之间无连词连接，故call应为非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词This ring，且call和This ring之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填called。]

19．shared　[考查动词的时态。句意：2019年初，科学家们分享了第一张黑洞照片。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；由时间状语In early 2019可知，这是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填shared。]

20．using　[考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用一个结合了世界各地八个天文台力量的虚拟望远镜拍摄了这张照片。本句主句中已有谓语动词made，且use与其之间无连接词，应用非谓语形式作状语，且use与其逻辑主语They之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填using。]