2021届上海市高三下学期5月秋考押题英语试题01 Word版含答案

这是一份2021届上海市高三下学期5月秋考押题英语试题01 Word版含答案，共7页。
（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）
II. Grammar and vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the banks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
A new study shw that the better yur shrt-term memry is, (21)________ (fast) yu feel fed up and decide yu’ve had enugh. The finding appear in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research.
Nelle Nelsn, assistant prfessr f marketing and cnsumer behavir at the University f Kansas Schl f Business. She and her clleague Jseph Redden at the University f Minnesta tried (22)________(think) at very different rates. When yu think abut pp sngs n the radi, sme peple must still be f thse same sngs. The difference, the researchers suppsed, (23)________ have t d with memries f past cnsumptin.
The researchers tested the memry capacity f undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series f three classic paintings---like The Starry Night, American Gthic, and The Scream---r listened and re-listened t a series f three pp sngs---r three pieces f classical music. Thrughut the test, the participants were asked t rate their experience (24)________ a scale f zer t ten. “We fund that peple with larger capacities remembered mre abut the music r art, which led t them getting tired f music r art mre quickly. S (25)________(remember) mre details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music r art mre ften.” The findings suggest that marketers culd cpe with ur desire fr their prducts by figuring ut ways t distract us and keep us frm fully remembering ur experiences. We culd als trick (26)________ int eating less junk fd by recalling the experience f a previus snack. As fr kids easily (27)______(bre), just tell them t frget abut it -- it might help them have mre fun.
Clearly if we are t participate in the sciety(28)_______ _______ we live, we must cmmunicate with ther peple. A great deal f cmmunicating is perfrmed n a persn - t - persn basis by the simple means f speech. (29)________ we travel in buses, buy things in shps, r eat in restaurants, we are likely t have cnversatins (30)________ we give infrmatin r pinins, receive news r cmment and very likely have ur views challenged by ther members f sciety.
【答案】
the faster 22. t think 23. might 24. n 25. remembering 26. urselves 27. bred 28. in which
29. If/When 30. where
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
T sme thinkers, it is machines and their develpment that drive ecnmic and cultural change. This idea is referred t as technlgical determinism. Certainly there can be n dubt that machines cntributed t the Prtestant Refrmatin and the decline f the Cathlic Church’s pwer in Eurpe r ___31____ televisin has changed the way family members interact. Thse wh believe in technlgical determinism wuld argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ___32____result f new technlgy.
But thers see technlgy as mre neutral and claim that the way peple use technlgy is what gives it significance. This ___33____accepts technlgy as ne f many factrs that shape ecnmic and cultural change; technlgy’s influence is___34____ determined by hw much pwer it is given by the peple and cultures that use it.
This ___35____ abut the pwer f technlgy is at the heart f the cntrversy surrunding the new cmmunicatin technlgies. Are we mre r less pwerless in the ___36____ f advances such as Internet, the Wrld Wide Web, and instant glbal audi and visual cmmunicatin? If we are at the mercy f technlgy, the culture that surrunds us will nt be f ur ___37____ , and the best we can hpe t d is make ur way reasnably well in a wrld utside ur wn cntrl. But if these technlgies are indeed neutral and their pwer ___38____ in hw we chse t use them, we can utilize them respnsibly and ___39____t cnstruct and maintain whatever kind f culture we want. As film directr and technphile Steve Spielberg explained, “ Technlgy can be ur best friend, and technlgy can als be the biggest party prer f ur lives. It interrupts ur wn stry, interrupts ur ability t have a thught r ___40____, t imagine smething wnderful.
【答案】
31. C 32.E 33.I 34.D 35.B 36. H 37.K 38.G 39.J 40.A
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Cwby r spaceman? A dilemma fr a children’s party, perhaps. But als a questin fr ecnmists, argued Kenneth Bulding, a British ecnmist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run ur (41) ______ , he warned, like cwbys n the pen grassland: taking and using the wrld’s resurces, (42) ______ that mre lies ver the hrizn. But the Earth is (43) ______a grassland than a spaceship—a clsed system, alne in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Bulding, an ecnmics that takes seriusly the idea f envirnmental (44) ______. In the half century since his essay, a new mvement has respnded t his challenge. “Eclgical ecnmists”, as they call themselves, want t (45) ______ its aims and assumptins. What d they say, and will their ideas take ff? T its (46) ______, eclgical ecnmics is neither eclgy nr ecnmics, but a mix f bth. Their starting pint is t recgnize that the human ecnmy is part f the natural wrld. Our envirnment, they nte, is bth a surce f resurces and a sink fr wastes. But it is (47) ______ in cnventinal textbks, where neat diagrams trace the flws between firms, husehlds and the gvernment as thugh nature did nt exist. That is a huge mistake.
There are tw ways ur ecnmies can grw, eclgical ecnmists pint ut: thrugh technlgical change, r thrugh mre intensive use f resurces. Only the (48) ______, they say, is wrth having. They are suspicius f GDP, a simple (49) ______ which des nt take accunt f resurce exhaustin, unpaid wrk, and cuntless ther factrs. (50) ______ they advcate mre hlistic(全面的) appraches, such as the Genuine Prgress Indicatr (GPI), a cmpsite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cst f pllutin, defrestatin and car accidents. While GDP has kept grwing, glbal GPI per persn (51) ______ in 1978: by destrying ur envirnment we are making urselves prer, nt richer. The slutin, says Herman Daly, a frmer Wrld Bank ecnmist and ec-guru, is a “steady-state” ecnmy, where the use f materials and energy is held (52) ______.
Mainstream ecnmists are (53) ______. The GPI, they pint ut, is a subjective measure. And talk f limits t grwth has had a bad press since the days f Thmas Malthus, a glmy 18th century cleric wh predicted, wrngly, that verppulatin wuld lead t famine. Human beings find slutins t sme f the mst annying prblems. But eclgical ecnmists (64) ______ self-satisfactin. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific jurnal, argued that human activity is already (55) ______safe planetary bundaries n issues such as bidiversity(生物多样性) and climate change. That suggests that eclgical ecnmists are at least asking sme imprtant questins, even if their answers turn ut t be wrng.
A. grasslandB. natinC. ecnmyD. spaceship
A. ignrantB. cnfidentC. astnishingD. anxius
A. lessB. smallerC. mreD. larger
A. mvementsB. influencesC. limitsD. threats
A. rejectB. realizeC. resembleD. revlutinize
A. challengersB. learnersC. advcatesD. prfessrs
A. addressedB. ignredC. ppsedD. reflected
A. advancedB. frmerC. latterD. scientific
A. numberB. prductC. ideaD. measure
A. In additinB. Fr exampleC. In ther wrdsD. In its place
A. peakedB. plungedC. persistedD. paused
A. sufficientB. efficientC. cnstantD. adequate
A. unimpressedB. invlvedC cncernedD. appinted
A. call frB. cntribute tC. warn againstD. refer t
A. settingB. versteppingC. extending D. redrawing
【答案】
41-45：CBACD 46-50：CBBDD 51-55：ACACB
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A,B,C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
If yu intend using humr in yur talk t make peple smile, yu must knw hw t identify shared experiences and prblems. Yur humr must be relevant t the audience and shuld help t shw them that yu are ne f them r that yu understand their situatin and are in sympathy with their pint f view. Depending n whm yu are addressing, the prblems will be different. If yu are talking t a grup f managers, yu may refer t the disrganized methds f their secretaries; alternatively if yu are addressing secretaries, yu may want t cmment n their disrganized bsses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ cnventin, f a stry which wrks well because the audience all shared the same view f dctrs. A man arrives in heaven and is being shwn arund by St. Peter. He sees wnderful accmmdatins, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and s n. Everyne is very peaceful, plite and friendly until, waiting in a line fr lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white cat, wh rushes t the head f the line, grabs his fd and stmps ver t a table by himself. “Wh is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s Gd,” came the reply, “but smetimes he thinks he’s a dctr.”
If yu are part f the grup which yu are addressing, yu will be in a psitin t knw the experiences and prblems which are cmmn t all f yu and it’ll be apprpriate fr yu t make a passing remark abut the inedible canteen fd r the chairman’s ntrius bad taste in ties. With ther audiences yu mustn’t attempt t cut in with humr as they will resent an utsider making disparaging remarks abut their canteen r their chairman. Yu will be n safer grund if yu stick t scapegats like the Pst Office r the telephne system.
If yu feel awkward being humrus, yu must practice s that it becmes mre natural. Include a few casual and apparently ff-the-cuff remarks which yu can deliver in a relaxed and unfrced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience t smile, s speak slwly and remember that a raised eyebrw r an unbelieving lk may help t shw that yu are making a light-hearted remark.
Lk fr the humr. It ften cmes frm the unexpected. A twist n a familiar qute “If at first yu dn’t succeed, give up” r a play n wrds r n a situatin. Search fr exaggeratin and understatements. Lk at yur talk and pick ut a few wrds r sentences which yu can turn abut and inject with humr.
T make yur humr wrk, yu shuld ________.
A. take advantage f different kinds f audience
B. make fun f the disrganized peple
C. address different prblems t different peple
D. shw sympathy fr yur listeners
57. The jke abut dctrs implies that, in the eyes f nurses, they are ________.
A. implite t new arrivals
B. very cnscius f their gdlike rle
C. entitled t sme privileges
D. very busy even during lunch hurs
58. It can be inferred frm the text that public services ________.
A. have benefited many peple
B. are the fcus f public attentin
C. are an inapprpriate subject fr humr
D. have ften been the laughing stck
59. The best title fr the text may be ________.
A.Use Humr Effectively
B. Varius Kinds f Humr
C. Add Humr t Speech
D. Different Humr Strategies
【答案】
56.A 57.C 58.B 59.C
(B)
"Fighting like cats and dgs" is a cmmn phrase that peple use t mean peple argue,fright r dn't get alng. If yu like cartns, yu've prbably seen many that describe cats and dgs fighting like swrn enemies(不共戴天的仇敌). There have even been mvies made that describe cats against dgs.
As with many questins in life, there's simply n easy answer t the questin f whether dgs and cats can get alng. Dgs and cats are different in many ways that can make it difficult fr them t get alng. Hwever, with patience and the right circumstances, cats and dgs can be best buds(兄弟).
Fr example, dgs tend t be scial animals that are naturally playful. Cats, n the ther hand, tend t be mre independent. A dg that wants t play might seem aggressive and frightening t a cat. This may lead the cat t defend itself against an attack althugh that's really just a desire t play. Similarly, dgs - especially puppies - like t chase each ther. It's a fun game. Chasing cats can be just as fun as chasing ther dgs. Again, cats may interpret such playful behavir as a threat.
Even there's smething dgs and cats have in cmmn, tails, but tails can make things cnfusing. When a dg wags (摇摆) its tail, it's sending a friendly message: "I'm happy. Let's play." Cats, hwever, wag their tails when they are angry. Yu can see hw this might lead cats and dgs t becme cnfused if they're facing each ther with wagging tails!
Althugh dgs and cats aren't really swrn enemies, dgs are hunters by nature. This means that they might hunt and chase anything that mves - including a cat. This natural behavir that culd cause prblems between dgs and cats can be cntrlled by special training called scializatin when the animals meet fr the first time.
60. By saying "fighting like cats and dgs", parents mst prbably mean that .
A.they like neither cats nr dgs
B. their kids dn't get n well with each ther
C. cats and dgs fight like swrn enemies
D.the fights between cats and dgs are ften made int mvies
61.Which f the fllwing may be ne f the reasns that dgs and cats fight ften?
A. They culdn't understand each ther.
B.They are wrried abut their behavirs.
C. They enjy exactly the same hbbies.
D.They wag their tails t ften.
62. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Dgs are gd at hunting animals.
B. Dgs dn't like cats naturally.
C. Cats usually like playing with dgs.
D. Dgs and cats can pssibly live in harmny.
【答案】
60.B 61.A 62.D
(C)
During the past generatin, the American middle-class family that nce culd cunt n hard wrk and fair play t keep itself financially secure had been transfrmed by ecnmic risk and new realities. Nw a pink slip, a bad diagnsis, r a disappearing spuse can reduce a family frm slidly middle class t newly pr in a few mnths.
In just ne generatin, millins f mthers have gne t wrk, transfrming basic family ecnmics. Schlars, plicymakers, and critics f all stripes have debated the scial implicatins f these changes, but few have lked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Tday’s families have budgeted t the limits f their new tw-paycheck status. As a result, they have lst the parachute they nce had in times f financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mm) wh culd g int the wrkfrce if the primary earner gt laid ff r fell sick. This “added-wrker effect” culd supprt the safety net ffered by unemplyment insurance r disability insurance t help families weather bad times. But tday, a disruptin t family frtunes can n lnger be made up with extra incme frm an therwise-stay-at-hme partner.
During the same perid, families have been asked t absrb much mre risk in their retirement incme. Steelwrkers, airline emplyees, and nw thse in the aut industry are jining millins f families wh must wrry abut interest rates, stck market fluctuatin, and the harsh reality that they may utlive their retirement mney. Fr much f the past year, President Bush campaigned t mve Scial Security t a saving-accunt mdel, with retirees trading much r all f their guaranteed payments fr payments depending n investment returns. Fr yunger families, the picture is nt any better. Bth the abslute cst f healthcare and the share f it brne by families have risen – and newly fashinable health-savings plans are spreading frm legislative halls t Wal-Mart wrkers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dse f investment risk fr families’ future healthcare. Even demgraphics are wrking against the middle class family, as the dds f having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need fr physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfld in just ne generatin.
Frm the middle-class family perspective, much f this, understandably, lks far less like an pprtunity t exercise mre financial respnsibility, and a gd deal mre like a frightening acceleratin f the whlesale shift f financial risk nt their already verburdened shulders. The financial fallut has begun, and the plitical fallut may nt be far behind.
63.Tday’s duble-incme families are at greater financial risk in that ________
A. the safety net they used t enjy has disappeared.
B. their chances f being laid ff have greatly increased.
C. they are mre vulnerable t changes in family ecnmics.
D. they are deprived f unemplyment r disability insurance.
64. As a result f President Bush’s refrm, retired peple may have ________
A. a higher sense f security.
B. less secured payments.
C. less chance t invest.
D. a guaranteed future.
65. Accrding t the authr, health-savings plans will ________
A . help reduce the cst f healthcare.
B. ppularize amng the middle class.
C. cmpensate fr the reduced pensins.
D. increase the families’ investment risk.
66. It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that ________
A. financial risks tend t utweigh plitical risks.
B. the middle class may face greater plitical challenges.
C. financial prblems may bring abut plitical prblems.
D. financial respnsibility is an indicatr f plitical status.
【答案】
C 64.B 65.D 66.C
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Brain fitness has basic principles: variety and curisity. (67) If yu can d the crsswrd puzzle in yur sleep, it's time fr yu t mve n t a new challenge in rder t get the best wrkut fr yur brain. Curisity abut the wrld arund yu, hw it wrks and hw yu can understand it will keep yur brain wrking fast and efficiently. Use the ideas belw t help imprve yur mental fitness.
Learn a New Skill
(68) Yur memry cmes int play, yu learn new mvements and yu assciate things differently. Reading Shakespeare, learning t ck and building an airplane ut f tthpicks all will challenge yur brain and give yu smething t think abut.
Tell Gd Stries
Stries are a way that we strengthen memries, interpret events and share mments. (69)
Sme basic strytelling techniques will g a lng way in keeping peple's interest bth in yu and in what yu have t say.
Eat fr Yur Brain
Yur brain needs yu t eat healthy fats. Fcus n fish ils frm wild salmn, nuts such as walnuts, and seeds. Eat mre f these fds and less saturated fats (饱和脂肪).
Read Smething Different
Bks are prtable, free frm libraries and filled with infinite interesting characters,infrmatin and facts. Branch ut frm familiar reading tpics. If yu usually read histry bks,try a cntemprary nvel. Read freign authrs, the classics and randm bks. (70)
【答案】
D 68. E 69. C 70. B
IV. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Regular exercise can reduce a wman’s risk f cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets t little sleep, U.S. researchers said n Mnday. The study invlving 5,968 wmen in Maryland cnfirmed previus findings that peple wh d regular physical activity are less likely t develp cancer.
But when the researchers lked at the wmen ages 18 t 65 wh were in the upper half in terms f the amunt f physical exercise they gt per week, they fund that sleep appeared t play an imprtant rle in cancer risk.
Thse wh slept less than seven hurs nightly had a 47 percent higher risk f cancer than thse wh gt mre sleep amng the physically active wmen, the researchers reprted at a meeting f the American Assciatin fr Cancer Research.
“We think it’s quite interesting and intriguing. It’s kind f a first lk int this. It isn’t smething that has been widely studied,” James McClain f the Natinal Cancer Institute, part f the U.S. gvernment’s Natinal Institutes f Health, said in a telephne interview.
McClain, wh led the study, said it is unclear exactly hw getting t little sleep may make ne mre susceptible（易受感染的） t cancer. “Getting adequate sleep has been lng assciated with health,” McClain said.
The U.S. Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin calls sleep lss an under-recgnized public health prblem, saying Americans are getting less and less slumber. The CDCP said the percentage f adults reprting sleeping six hurs r less a night increased frm 1985 t 2006. Sleep experts say chrnic sleep lss is assciated with besity, diabetes, high bld pressure, strke, cardivascular disease, depressin, cigarette smking and excessive drinking.
In additin, research had shwn that peple wh get regular exercise have a reduced risk f breast, cln and ther types f cancer. Experts think the effects f exercise n the bdy’s hrmne levels, immune functin and bdy weight may play an imprtant rle.
【答案】
US researchers have fund that regular exercises may have an active effect n the bdy’s hrmne levels, immune functin and bdy weight which thus may reduce the risk f cancer (要点1，要点５) ,but the benefits may slip away if she gets t little sleep (要点1), especially less than seven hurs nightly (要点2) which may cause such health prblems as besity, depressin and s n. (要点4) Hwever, it is still unclear exactly hw sleeping little may make peple mre susceptible t cancer.(要点3)(76 wrds)
V.Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets,
由于全球气候变暖,海平面在一点点地上升。(cnsequence)
73. 改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。(emancipate)
74. 中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。(inseparable)
75. 湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将受到威胁。 (giant)
【答案】
72.The sea level is rising little by little in the cnsequence f glbal warming.
73.Refrms and the pen plicy have als emancipated the minds f the peple.
74.China's mdernizatin is inseparable frm her ecnmic cperatin and trade ties with ther natins.
75.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the grwing f bambs, which means giant pandas that feed n these plants will suffer, t.
VI. Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in l20-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校正在开展主题为“提倡节约，拒绝浪费”的征文活动，要求全校同学就学校里可能存在的浪费现象献策献计。写一篇文章参加这个活动，
内容须包括:
1)你认为学校里存在哪些浪费现象;
2)对这些现象提出解决方案。
【参考例文】
I'm a Senir Three student, Li Ming. Recently the essay cmpetitin whse theme is "Advcate ecnmy and Eliminate waste" has been a ht tpic n campus. I’m writing t put frward my pint f view n hw t reduce waste and save energy s as t prtect the envirnment f ur campus.
In the first place, the mst cmmn waste n campus must be water waste. Sme students lack strng awareness f energy cnservatin and envirnmental prtectin, s we still see sme running taps n campus. As a result, it's necessary t put up sme psters r make sme slgans abut "Advcate ecnmy and Eliminate waste" in the hallway. Besides, installing autmatic inductin water utlet device may be an effective measure t reduce water waste as well.
Secndly, I've fund that the use f electrnic equipment is nt reasnable enugh, which has caused much electricity waste. T reduce waste and make full use f resurces, we’d better turn ff the main pwer when electrnic appliances are nt in use and replace the lights with energy-saving nes. It's als a gd idea t install sund-cntrlled lights in public places such as crridrs s as t reduce electricity waste.
Lastly, the phenmenn f paper waste shuld als aruse ur clse attentin as there are fewer and fewer frests in the wrld. With netwrk technlgy bming, paperless teaching and learning wuld be the mainstream in the future, which can help reduce paper waste t a great extent. If we have t print and cpy materials, we shuld print n bth sides.
T sum up, everyne shuld make effrts when we are reducing waste and saving energy.Meanwhile, ur schl shuld shulder its respnsibility t lead the way at the macr level. Only under everyne's jint effrts will ur campus becme greener and mre beautiful.
daydream B. disagreementC. factually D.ultimately E. inevitable
F.perspective G.lays H.making I.perspective J.thughtfully K.thinking
A. Eat fr Yur Health
B. Nt nly will yur brain get a wrkut by reading different time perids, cultures and peples.yu will als have interesting stries t tell abut yur reading.
C. Practice telling yur stries, bth new and ld, s that they are interesting and fun.
D. When anything yu d becmes yur secnd nature, yu need t make a change.
E. Learning a new skill wrks multiple areas f the brain.
F. There are frmal curses, websites and bks with prgrams n hw t train yur brain t wrk better and faster.