【尖子生暑假拔高】初中英语专题讲义：9形容词副词（教师版+学生版）

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课程主题：9形容词副词
学习目标
1．了解形容词和副词的种类以及基本功能。
2．掌握形容词和副词的比较级及最高级的用法及句型。
一、形容词副词的用法
1．形容词的用法 形容词的基本功能是修饰名词，在句中可用作定语、表语、主语补足语、宾浯补足语等成分。
（1）作定语
A.多个形容词的排列顺序：（冠词，指示代词、all等限定词）—(外观)—（形状，大小）—（年龄，新旧）—（颜色）—（国藉、出处）—（材料）
巧记口诀：县官行令色国才
B.如果几个形容词的性质差不多，则音节少的在前，音节多的靠近名词。
eg： I’d like a light blue wlen sweater. 我想买一件浅蓝色的羊毛衫。
He lives in a small German twn. 他住在德国的一个小镇里。
注意：修饰不定代词smething，anything，nthing等的形容词需后置。有些形容词只能作定语，如：nly，elder，indr，utdr等。
Danny, the nly child in the family, is spilt.
（2）作表语
例：The man is alne at hme but he desn’t feel lnely.
注意：
A.大多数以“a”开头的形容词属于表语形容词，只能在句中作表语。
例：—Is the baby asleep e awake？
—It is asleep.It’s a pleasure t lk at a sleeping baby’s face.
B.只能在句中中作表语的形容词还有：表示身体状况的形容词，如：well，unwell，ill；表示心理状态的形容词，如：srry，sure等。
例：The wman is ill. “她病了”不能说：She is an ill wman.
C.感官动词用作联系动词，如lk，sund，smell，taste，feel后面需接adj.作表语。
例：She desn’t feel well tday.She feels ill.
（3）做宾语补足语
例：Students shuld keep the reading-rm quiet.
注意：被动语态中，我们称其为主语补足语。
例：The reading-rm shuld be kept quiet by students.
（4）做状语
例：After a lng jurney，he returned hme，tired and hungry.
注意：形容词作状语多用作伴随状语。
（5）形容词和介词有固定搭配
例：different frm，the same as，far frm，clse t，be afraid f，be full f，becme interested in, be gd at, be pleased with, be bad fr, be harmful t等。
（6）有些名词加后缀可变成形容词
例：lvely，friendship，crwded，careful，careless，wden，sunny，windy，rainy。
2．副词的分类
分类
用法
例词
时间副词
表示时间
nw现在;tday今天;sn很快;ag以前
地点副词
表示地点
there那里;here这里;ut在外边;up在上边
方式副词
描述动作发生的方式
slwly缓慢地;quickly迅速地;carefully细心地
程度副词
描述行为、动作或状态的程度
t太;really的确;quite相当;little很少地
频度副词
表示一定时间内动作发生的次数
always总是;ften经常;smetimes有时
疑问副词（词组）
用来构成特殊疑问句
why为什么;where在哪里;when什么时候;hw lng多长;hw much多少钱
关系副词
用来引导定语从句
where…的地方;when…的时候;why"""…的原因
3．常见副词的用法
副词
用法
例句
very
意为“非常”，修饰形容词和副词的原级
The elephant is very big·这头大象非常大。
t，als，either
意为“也”, t一般用于肯定句，常放在句末;either一般用于否定句.常放在句末;als一般用于肯定句中，常放在系动词、助动词后，行为动词前
Nice t meet yu，t.见到你我也很高兴。I am nt a teacher either.我也不是一个老师。Yu are als my friend.你也是我的朋友。Yu als want t g with him.你也想和他一起去。
ag，befre
意为“之前，以前”, ag是以现在为基准，指“距今若干时间以前”，不能单独使用，应用“一段时间+ag，通常与过去时态连用;befre指从过去某一时刻算起的时间以前，通常与过去完成时连用，单独使用时，泛指以前，常常和完成时态连用
I met ur teacher an hur ag.一小时以前我遇见了我们的老师。He said he had finished the wrk tw days befre.他说他两天前完成了这项工作。I have seen the film befre.我以前看过这部电影。
such，s
such意为“如此”，SO跟形容词或副词，such跟名词或名词短语；much, little(少的)用such名词前有many, few时用s，不用much修饰
I have s many tys in my huse.我的房间里有如此多的玩具。Did yu ever see such weather?你曾经见过这样的天气吗?
hard，hardly
hard作副词时，意为“努力”，作形容词时，意为“困难的，硬的”; hardly是副词，意为“几乎不”
He studies hard.他学习努力。He hardly studies.他几乎不学习。
already，yet
意为“已经”, already用于肯完成时连用;yet用于否定句。
I've already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。Have yu fund yur bk yet?你已经找到你的书了吗?
befre lng，lng befre
befre lng不久以后； lng befre很久以前”
Lng befre，there was a big museum.很久以前，那里有个大的博物馆。We will see the film befre lng.我们不久会看这部电影。
t much，much t
t much的中心词是much，用法与much相同，用来修饰不可数名词;much t的中心词是t，用法与t相同，用来修饰形容词或副词原级
We bth have t much wrk t d.我们俩都有很多工作要做。He eats t much fd，s he is much t fat他吃了太多的食物，因此他太胖了。
smetime，smetimes，sme time，sme times
smetime。意为“有时候”，多用于一般现在时;smetime意为“在某一时候(过去或将来)”，表示的是任何时候或某一不确定的时间;sme time意为“一段时间”，常作宾语;sme times是名词短语，意为“几次(倍)”
Smetimes I watch TV with my parents. 我有时候和父母一起看电视。New students will cme t schl smetime next week.新学生下周的某个时候会来学校。She will stay in Xi'an fr sme time. 她将在西安待一段时间。I've been t New Yrk sme time.我去过纽约几次。
4．形容词、副词原级用法
形容词、副词原级比较
常用句型
中文释义
典型例句
(nce, twice, **times)as…as
和…(几倍)一样…
It is as cld tday as it was yesterday. This rm is twice as big as that ne.
nt s…as
和…不一样…
He cannt run s fast as yu.It is nt s cld tday as it was yesterday.
less+ adj./adv.+ than
比…不如…
It is less cld tday than yesterday.This handbag is less expensive than that ne.
the same +N. +as
和…一样…
Yur rm is the same size as mine.He is f the same age as yu.
例1．Ten years ag, the ppulatin f ur city was that f yurs.
A. as three times large as
B. three times as large as
C. three times as much as
D. as three times much as
【答案】B
例2．My grandfather lives __________，but he desn't feel __________．
A. alne， lnely
B. lnely，alne
C. lnely ，lnely
【解答】alne独自一人，强调没有陪伴；lnely孤独的，强调内心感受；此题根据语境：我爷爷独自一人生活，但他并不感到孤独。
【答案】A
例3．The huse smells as if it hasn’t been lived fr years.
A. little white wden
B. little wden white
C. white little wden
D. wden white little
【答案】A
例4．Tim didn't d his hmewrk as as befre s he has made great prgress this term.
A. careless
B. careful
C. carelessly
D. carefully
【答案】D
例5． The ld man is thankful that he almst cmes t tears.
A. such
B. s
C. very
D. as
【答案】B
例6．The grund is cvered with thick snw, fr it snwed _______ last night.
A. hard
B. thick
C. big
D. heavy
【答案】A
例7．The rm isn’t fr us t read because there isn’t .
A. enugh light…light enugh
B. light enugh…light enugh
C. light enugh…enugh light
D. enugh light…enugh light
【解答】light有两个词性， 一个是形容词“光亮的”，一个是名词“亮光”。enugh修饰名词的时候放在名词的前面，修饰动词或者形容词的时候放在其后面。 本句意思是“室内光亮不足，因为没有足够的亮光”。
【答案】C
例8．I will invite yu t have dinner with my family next week.
A. sme times
B. sme time
C. smetime
D. smetimes
【答案】C
例9．Is there t discuss at this meeting?
A. smething imprtant
B. anything imprtant
C. imprtant smething
D. imprtant anything
【答案】B
例10．Peter walked ut f the classrm quickly. Obviusly he was at the news.
A.
B.
C.
D.
【解答】考查形容词。excited“激动的”用来修饰人，exciting“令人激动的”用来修饰物。故答案为B。
【答案】B
【巩固练习】
1．As Chinese, all f us shuld be the histry f China.
A. surprised at
B. familiar with
C. similar t
D. ready fr
2．We'd better keep the windws , fr the air-cnditiner is running.
A. pened
B. clsed.
C. pen
D. clse
3．The music in this Starbucks sunded s that I wanted t stay here fr a lnger time.
A. wnderful
B. terribly
C. friendly
D. nisy
4．The by checked his test paper in rder t get full marks.
A. enugh careful
B. enugh carefully
C. careful enugh
D. carefully enugh
5．I'm nw busy packing my luggage because I need t send it fur days .
A. late
B. in advance
C. befre
D. ag
6．I have never seen exciting ftball match befre.
A. such a
B. s a
C. such an
D. s an
7．--Yu lk .What’s wrng with yu ?
--My pet dg is missing.
A. happy
B. unhappy
C. happily
D. happiness
8．I bught him T-shirt in return fr his help.
A. a new silk blue
B. a blue new silk
C. a silk blue new
D. a new blue silk
9．He became instead f making aplgies. It's strange fr him t be s rude.
A. angry
B. independent
C. sadly
D. happily
10．The elderly wman can't read the wrds in the newspaper.
A. clear enugh
B. enugh clear
C. clearly enugh
D. enugh clearly
11．The audience felt rather when they heard that the famus singer wuldn’t cme.
A. sadly
B. excited
C. disappinted
D. happily
12．Is this a pht f yur daughter? She lks in the pink dress!
A. lvely
B. wnderfully
C. quietly
D. terribly
13．We will have a field trip this afternn. The gd news makes everyne .
A. frightened
B. happily
C. excited
D. luckily
14．Millie thught it quite _______ t learn English well and she culd _______ wrk ut this prblem.
A. easy; easy
B. easily; easily
C. easy; easily
D. easily; easy
15．This kind f medicine tastes but has Great effect (效果).
A. terrible
B. lvely
C. friendly
D. nicely
二、形容词副词比较级最高级
1．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
对两个人或事物进行比较，表示“较……”或“更……一些”用比较级。如：
He is taller than I.
对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，表示“最……”时用最高级。如：
That was the busiest day in my life.
1）比较级和最高级的构成：


（1）形容词的比较级、最高级的规则变化如下：

不规则变化
（2）副词的比较级和最高级
副词的比较级形式的变化与形容词大致相同，但以后缀-ly结尾的副词需用mre和mst。副词最高级前的the可省略。如：
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
quickly mre quickly mst quickly
不规则变化：
well better best
badly wrse wrst
much mre mst
2）有些形容词和副词无比较级和最高级，这是由他们的词义决定的
如：right，wrng，true，false，empty，wden，mnthly，here，nw，very等。
3）形容词和副词表示比较的基本句型
（1）原级常用“as+adj./adv.（原级）+as”结构
例：He is as careful as I.
He des his hmewrk as carefully as I.
（2）否定则用“nt as…as…”或“nt s…as…”表示
倒：She desn't speak English s fast as yu.
（3）比较级常用“adj. /adv.（比较级）+than…”结构表示
例：He is fatter than Jack.
He runs mre slwly than Jack.
有时可用much, even, still, far, by far,a lt,a little,a great deal,a bit等来修饰比较级，表示程度。
例：Asia is by far larger than Australia.
This building is much taller than that ne.
This stry is even mre interesting than that ne.
比较级前也可用“数词十名词”构成名词短语表示具体的程度。
例：He is tw inches taller than his father.
（4）less+ adj.／adv．（原级）+than…表示“甲不如乙”。
例：Tm is less careful than Mary.
=Tm is nt s careful as Mary.
（5）形容词副词的比较级连用表示“越来越……”。
例：When spring cmes, it gets warmer and warmer.
In the last ten minutes, he ran mre and mre slwly.
（6）"the mre…, the mre…”表示“越……就越……”。
例：I hpe yu will cme here, the sner the better.
The harder yu wrk, the mre prgress yu will make.
（7）the+ adj. /adv．（比较级）f+n．表示“两者中较……的”。
例：She is the prettier f the tw sisters.
This rpe is the lnger f the tw.
（8） "the+ adj. /adv．（最高级）+n．+f (in/amng)比较范围”
例：The sun lks the biggest and brightest f all the stars because it is the nearest t us.
最高级可被序数词修饰
例：The Yellw River is the secnd lngest in China.
最高级可以和物主代词连用
例：I think he has dne his best.
The ld man smiled his pleasantest when he learned the gd news.
（9）比较级和最高级之间相互转变
例：He is the tallest student in his class．可以变成以下同义比较级句子：
He is taller than any ther student in his class.
He is taller than any f the ther students in his class.
He is taller than any f the thers in his class.
He is taller than all the thers in his class.
He is taller than anybdy else in his class,
Nbdy else in his class is taller than him.
N ne else in his class is taller than him.
例1．Steven can jump than any ther student in his class.
A. high
B. higher
C. highest
D. highly
【答案】B
例2．The girl lked even when she heard the news f the brken bridge.
A. bad
B. wrse
C. the wrse
D. wrst
【解答】even 来修饰比较级，lk为系动词，bad的比较级为wrse
【答案】B
例3．The emji f "Face with tears f jy" has becme amng the Internet tisers all ver the Wrld.
A. ppular
B. mre ppular
C. mst ppular
D. the mst ppular
【答案】D
例4．Nwadays，PM 2.5pllutin is becming _________ in China．Everyne must help t fight against it．
A. seriuser and seriuser
B. mre and mre serius
C. mre serius and mre serius
D. mre serius and serius
【答案】B
例5．Nanpu Bridge is ne f in Shanghai.
A. the lng bridge
B. the lngest bridge
C. the lngest bridges
D. lngest bridges
【解答】ne f +形容词最高级+名词复数
【答案】C
例6．The phtgraphs f Mars taken by the satellite are taken frm the earth.
A. clearest than thse
B. clearer than that
C. much clear than thse
D. much clearer than thse
【答案】D
例7．Amng the jeans I chse _____ pair because I hadn't enugh mney n me.
A. cheaper
B. the cheaper
C. cheapest
D. the cheapest
【答案】D
例8．He ften has a lt f meat every day, but I have a lt f vegetables every day. S he is me.
A. as healthy as
B. healthier than
C. less healthy than
D. as unhealthy as
【答案】C
例9．This is ne f the I have ever seen with my wn eyes.
A. beautiful garden
B. mre beautiful gardens
C. mst beautiful garden
D. mst beautiful gardens
【答案】D
例10．The mre careful yu are, the mistakes yu will make.
A. mre
B. fewer
C. less
D. little
【答案】B
【巩固练习】
1．“The I serve the readers. the I’ll be.” said the assistant.
A. much, happy
B. mre, happier
C. little, happy
D. least, happier
2．Experts think that language learning is much fr children as their tngues are mst flexible（灵活的）.
A. easy
B. mre easily
C. easily
D. easier
3．He is much yunger than me, but he is 5 centimeters .
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
4．Air pllutin has became than ever befre. We must d smething t stp it.
A. serius
B. mre serius
C. mst serius
D. the mst serius
5． It's a pity that I didn't think f ringing yu______.
A. earlier
B. earliest
C. early
D. the earliest
6．The captain f the guards wasn't listening t the sldier .
A. any lnger
B. n lnger
C. any lng
D. n lng
7．Remember, big dgs need walks than small nes.
A. lng
B. lnger
C. lngest
D. the lngest
8．Jerry gets up early,s he is always the secnd student t get t schl in ur class.
A. early
B. earlier
C. earliest
D. much earlier
9．The first shw in Canada this year came much than usual.
A. early
B. earliest
C. the earliest
D. earlier
10．Which sprt d yu like , ftball r basketball?
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. the best
11．Amng the jeans I chse _____ pair because I hadn't enugh mney n me.
A. cheaper
B. the cheaper
C. cheapest
D. the cheapest
12．Steven cmpleted the science test in ur class yesterday.
A. mst quickly
B. mre quickly
C. quicker
D. quickest
13．With the help f mbile security Apps(手机安全应用软件), we can d shpping n the Internet much nw.
A. mst safely
B. the mst safely
C. mre safely
D. safely
14．Rddy ran than ther runners. And he wn the first prize.
A. far quickly
B. mre quick
C. far mre quickly
D. much quickly
15．Thanks t Facebk, Whatsapp and Wechat, the wrld itself is becming a smaller ne.
A. mre
B. much
C. much mre
D. mst
课堂练习
1．Yu’d better have yur hair cut. It’s getting .
A. t much lng
B. much t lng
C. lng t much
D. t lng much
2．The girl was at the dg and she culdn’t help crying.
A. frightened; frightenedly
B. frightened; frightening
C. frightened; frightened
D. frightening; frightening
3．Jim tells lies. He is a gd student and everybdy likes him.
A. smetimes
B. always
C. never
D. ften
4．T tell yu the truth, the prfessr desn't explain it his helper.
A. as clear as
B. s clear as
C. mre clearly as
D. s clearly as
5．Sally became and left the ffice in a hurry withut saying anything.
A. angry
B. sadly
C. friendly
D. happily
6．The ld man lked at his grandsn's smiling face.
A. happy
B. happily
C. unhappily
D. unhappy
7．Sun Yang lked because he had swept all gld medals frm 200, 400, 800 and 1500m freestyle in Jakarta.
A. extreme happy
B. extremely happily
C. extremely happy
D. extreme happily
8．My uncle says that he feels extremely when he lives in a new twn.
A. happily
B. safely
C. quietly
D. lnely
9．The tur t the new Natural Museum made the children feel .
A. excited
B. exciting
C. excitedly
D. excitement
10．English is a language and shuld nt be taught as if it were a ne.
A. living; dying
B. alive; dying
C. alive; dead
D. living; dead
11．The dentist asked the little by t pen his muth .
A. wide
B. widely
C. widen
D. width
12．Mr. Black has been t lts f places arund the wrld. Shanghai is city he ever visited.
A. beautiful
B. very beautiful
C. mre beautiful
D. the mst beautiful
13．----- Which is__________，the sun，the mn r the earth？
----- Of curse the mn is．
A. small
B. smaller
C. smallest
D. the smallest
14．T be hnest, I’ve never seen a(n) film than this ne befre.
A. gd
B. better
C. best
D. the best
15．With the help f mbile security Apps(手机安全应用软件),we can d shpping n the Internet much nw.
A. mst safely
B. the mst safely
C. mre safely
D. safely
16．Air pllutin has becme than ever befre. We must d smething t stp it.
A. serius
B. mre serius
C. mst serius
D. the mst serius
17．Peple are prud f the great changes in Shanghai. I'm sure Shanghai will be even_____in the near future.
A. the best
B. best
C. better
D. gd
18．Our English teacher praised Jhn in class because he did his hmewrk _____ than befre.
A. careful
B. carefully
C. mre carefully
D. mre careful
19．Nwadays even the flats in small twns are much than they used t be.
A. expensive
B. mre expensive
C. mst expensive
D. the mst expensive
20．_______ animals are in danger and there may be _______ space fr them.
A. Mre and mre; mre and mre
B. Mre and mre; less and less
C. Less and less; mre and mre
D. Less and less; less and less