中考英语人教总复习课件：第一部分 语法精讲精练第五节 介词和介词短语 (共76张PPT) (共92张PPT)

这是一份中考英语人教总复习课件：第一部分 语法精讲精练第五节 介词和介词短语 (共76张PPT) (共92张PPT)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了中考导航，contents，考点突破，课堂小测，中考模拟演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点1 表示时间的介词(★★☆)1.at，in，n表示时间的区别(1)at表示具体的时间点，常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如:at six ’clck(在6点钟)；at night(在晚上)；at the end f(在……结束时)；at the age f(在……岁时)；at last(最终，最后)；at Christmas(在圣诞节)。
(2)in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节、在上午／下午／晚上／白天等。如:in 1995 (在1995年)；in the 1980s (在20世纪80年代)；in May，1992 (在1992年5月)；in the mrning／afternn／evening(在上午／下午／晚上)；in spring／summer／autumn／winter(在春季／夏季／秋季／冬季)。
in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，意为“在……时间后”，用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。如:Can yu finish drawing a gd hrse in five minutes?你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗?
(3)n用于表示确定的时间，具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。如:n December 1st，1994 (在1994年12月1日)；n Mnday mrning(在星期一上午)；n a cld mrning(在一个寒冷的早晨)；n the night f Octber 22nd(在10月22日晚上)；n Christmas Day(在圣诞节)；n Teachers’ Day(在教师节)。
注意:在以this，that，next，last，tmrrw，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如:I will g t Beijing next week.下周我将去北京。2.fr，since，frm表示时间的区别(2011广东中考)(1)“fr+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
如:She has wrked there fr fur years.她已经在那里工作4年了。(2)since用作介词时，意为“自从，自……以后”，指从某一时间一直延续至今，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用。如:The factry has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。注意:since还可以用作连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句。
如:Great changes have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。(3)frm(frm…t…)表示开始的时间，意为“从……”(“从……到……”)，谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如:Students g t schl frm Mnday t Friday.学生们周一至周五上学。
3.t，past，pass表时间的区别(1)t介词，大于30分钟时，表示“差”，如:ten t seven(6:50)。(2)past介词，小于30分钟时，表示“过”，如:ten past six(6:10)。(3)pass动词，表示“经过，过去”。如:He passed by me.他从我身边经过。
4.其余表示时间的介词(1)after指时间“在……以后”，后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时，多和过去时连用；接时间点时，多和将来时连用。如:He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。I’ll call yu after 4:30.四点半以后我给你打电话。
(2)till/until表示“到……为止，直到……之时，直至”，在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如:Yu’d better stay in bed till tmrrw.你最好在床上待到明天。I shall wait until ten ’clck.我将等到10点钟。在否定句中，nt…until…意为“直到……才……”，是连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句，谓语动词用短暂性动词。如:I didn’t g t bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。
(3)by 表示“不迟于”(nt later than)，常与完成时连用。如:by then到那时，by nw到目前为止。They had seen fur English films by the end f last night.到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影。(4)befre指时间“在……以前”，后面一般接时间点。
如:I will get t Australia befre Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。(5)during表示“在……期间”，强调“自始至终”。如:During thse three mnths，he asked a lt f questins.在那三个月期间，他问了许多问题。
考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词(★★☆)1.in，at与n(2010广东中考)(1)in表示地点，意为“在……内”，用于内部。如:He put his hands in his pckets.他把手放进口袋。(2)n意为“在……上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。如:There was a carpet n the flr.地板上铺着一块地毯。
(3)表示“在某地”时，at后接小地方，in后接大地方。如:When did yu arrive at the statin?你什么时候到车站的? He was brn in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。(4)at还有“在……旁边”之意，如:at the table在桌子旁边。
2.abve与belwabve的意思是“在……之上” “高于……”，与物体表面不接触，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是belw。如: The plane flew abve the cluds.飞机在云层上面飞行。The Dead Sea is belw sea level.死海的海面低于海平线。
3.ver与underver的意思是“在……之上”， 与物体表面不接触，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。如:There is a bridge ver the river.河上有座桥。 There is a bat under the bridge.桥下有一艘船。
4.by，beside与near(1)by表示“在……旁边”，较near更近。如:My huse is by the river.我的家在河边。(2)beside表示“近旁”“紧靠”，相当于next t。如:Cme and sit beside me.来，坐在我的身旁。 (3)near意为“在……附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如: He sits near the windw.他坐在窗户附近。
5.after与behind(1)after表示位置关系，意为“在……的后面”。如:Yur name cmes after mine in the list.名单上，你的名字列于我之后。(2)behind表示位置，意为“在……后面”。如:The by was hiding behind a tree.那个男孩躲在一棵树后。
6.thrugh， acrss， crss穿过(1)thrugh介词，纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:The sldiers went thrugh the frest.那些士兵穿过树林离开了。(2)acrss介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is walking acrss the street.他正在横过马路。(3)crss动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is crssing the street.他正在横过马路。
7.amng， between 在……之间amng在(三者或三者以上)之间；between在(两者)之间，常用词组: between…and…如:The man wh is standing amng the students is Lily’s father.站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。I will be back between five and six.我将在5点到6点之间回来。
8.in，n，tin表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；n表示与某一地区接壤；t表示隔海相望。如:Guangdng is in the suth f China.(广东属于中国。)广东位于中国南部。Guangdng is n the suth f Hunan.(广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗邻关系。)广东在湖南的南边。Japan is t the east f China.(日本不属于中国，而且隔海相望。)日本在中国东边。
9.utside与insideutside意为“在……的外边”；inside意为“在……的里边，在……之内”。如:A wman is waiting utside the ffice.一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。Dn’t let the dg cme inside the huse.不要让狗进入房子里。
10.in frnt f与in the frnt f(2012广东中考)in frnt f表示“在……之前”(范围外)；in the frnt f表示“在……的前部(范围内)”。如:There are sme trees in frnt f the classrm.教室前面有一些树。Our teacher usually sits in the frnt f the classrm.我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。
考点3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词(★☆☆)1.by，in，n表交通方式用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用n或in时，交通工具前要用限定词。如:Jenny ges t schl by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=n a bike)Mr.Green ges t wrk by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)
2.by，in，with表示手段或工具(2013广东中考)(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I ften d my hmewrk with a pen.我经常用钢笔做作业。(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料，语言、材料前不加冠词。如:Can yu say it in English?你能用英语说吗?
(3)by表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。如:This pair f shes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的。 He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。
考点4 其他常用介词(★★☆)
考点5 介词短语(★☆☆)1.介词与动词的常见搭配listen t听 laugh at嘲笑 get t到达 get n／ff上车／下车 lk fr寻找 wait fr等待hear frm收到……的来信 wrry abut担心 think f想起，认为lk after照顾，照料 spend…n花费 agree with同意 d with对付，处置 depend n依靠 talk abut谈论
turn n／ff打开／关掉 turn up／dwn调大／调小 regard…as把……当作 pay fr付款 knck at敲 ask fr请求，向……要
2.介词与形容词的常见搭配(2017广东中考)be fnd f喜欢 be ready fr为……做好准备 be kind t对……亲切 be kind t对……好 be busy with忙于 be late fr迟到
be afraid f害怕 be gd at擅长于 be full f装满拓展：be kind t 的意思是“对……好/仁慈”等，其主语是人或其他的动物等。
如：Yu are kind t the ld man.你对这个老人很仁慈。be kind f 的意思是“……太好了”，其主语是 it，that 等词。如：It is kind f yu t help me.你来帮助我真是太好了(表示感激之意)。
3.介词与名词的常见搭配by bike／bus／train骑自行车/乘公共汽车／乘火车 with／withut ne’s help在有／没有某人的帮助下n ne’s way t在某人去……的路上
n time准时t ne’s surprise使某人惊奇的是 n ft步行at the end f在……尽头，末尾 at the ft f在……的脚下
( )1.(2017北京)Mre and mre yung peple g B.in C.n D.t( )2.(2017渝北区)My Grandma ges t bed______nine every B.n C.at D.fr
( )3.(2017西宁)Shanghai Disneyland pened______ June 16，2016.We want t visit B.n C.at D.f( )4.(2017沈阳)______ 2000，this cmpany has seen much new develpment.It has becme ne f the biggest cmpanies in the B.In C.By D.Since
( )5.(2017阜康)—D yu knw Victry Day in China？—Yes，it’s ______ September 3rd ______ each year.It tells the wrld that Chinese peple lve peace and hate wars.Chinese peple will never frget the ；n B.n；/ C.at；/ D.n；in
( )6.(2017营口)It is reprted that heads f the stale ______ 29 freign cuntries attended the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin(一带一路国际合作高峰论坛)______ May 14 and 15，； at B.at；fr C.frm；n D.f；in( )7.(2017南通)When I walked ______ the square，I happened t meet ur English B.arund C.thrugh D.alng
( )8.(2017随州)—D yu knw the student ______ David and Jack？—Yeah.It’s B.in C.between D.arund( )9.(2017德州)A wman std ______ the windw，watching the children playing games in the B.thrugh C.acrss D.by
( )10.(2016鄂州)—Oh，my gd!I’ve left my keys in the rm.I’ll have t get in______ the windw.—It’s dangerus.Yu’d better wait fr yur mm t cme B.ver C.acrss D.thrugh( )11.(2017安徽)T my pleasure，my family is always ______ me whatever I decide t B.behind C.frm D.thrugh
( )12.(2017海南)Mr.Zha is ging t the B.n C.by D.with( )13.(2017徐州)A fight brke ut amng the ftball fans，and sn it went______ B.beynd C.abve D.ver
( )14.(2017贵港)—Can yu cme t my party this evening？—Srry，I can’t.I have t prepare ______ my B.fr C.abut D.with ( )15.(2017银川)I used t g t sleep ______ my bedrm light ；pen B.with；n C.and；pen D.in；n
( )16.(2017藁城区)Please put sme sugar int the likes cffee ______ B.with C.t D.n( )17.(2017菏泽)My friend Jack can help me ______my Chinese ______the ；n B.with；in C.fr；n D.fr；in
( )18.(2017云南)Many peple like watching Chinese Petry Cnference (中国诗词大会) B.f C.at D.n( )19.(2017常州)—What shall we buy fr Lucy as a present？—Let’s buy a new bike fr her.Her bike breaks dwn frm time t time all B.abve all C.at all D.in all
( )20.(2017黔西南州)I met Mary，and she lent me￥20.It was kind______her t lend me the B.f C.with D.in
( )1.—When is Lang Lang’s cncert?—It’s ______ three ’clck ______ the afternn f December ；in B.at；n C.n；in D.in；n( )2.The Dragn Bat Festival this year will cme ______ fur B.fr C.during D.in
( )3.—The charity walk begins ______ 9:00. Dn’t be late. —N B.by C.in D.n( )4.The third China-Suth Asia EXPO was held in Kunming ______ June 12th t June B.in C.at D.frm
( )5.We’re leaving tmrrw.We will be away ______ next B.until C.n D.since ( )6.______ the exam， we’ll say gd-bye t ur dear teachers， classmates as well as ur beautiful B.Fr C.After D.Thrugh
( )7.They usually g shpping______ their lunch B.amng C.between D.during( )8.Lucy lived in Beijing frm 2008 ______ B.t C.at D.f
( )9.We’ll fly t New Yrk n Mnday mrning， and then we’ll stay in New Yrk ______ Wednesday B.after C.n D.in( )10.In cld winter， the temperature in Harbin ften remains ______ zer all B.belw C.ver D.under
( )11.She had t sell the huse even thugh it was ______ her wn B.n C.fr D.against( )12.Yu must be careful when yu swim ______ the B.belw C.ver D.thrugh
( )13.Jim sits behind me， s I sit ______ the tp f B.at the end f C.in the middle f D.in frnt f( )14.—I like the weather in Kunming. It’s warm all year lng.—Yes.And the temperature stays ______zer all the B.belw C.arund D.abve
( )15.Teenagers shuld be encuraged t g ______ and be clse t B.back C.utside D.ff( )’s ffice is ______the 26th flr.Yu can take the lift B.in C.n D.fr
( )17.On May 10th， a hrse was fund running happily ______ the busy street in B.f C.in D.frm( )18.The castle stands in a quiet place ______ the main rad at the far end f the B.fr C.ff D.ut
( )19.Cambridge is a small city ______ the east f B.with C.in D.under( )20.Yu see， Kevin is writing ______ his left B.as C.fr D.with
( )21.The man makes a living ______ driving a B.with C.by D.in( )22.—Culd yu tell me the way t the Science Museum，please?—Yes，walk alng this street.Yu’ll see it ______ yur B.in C.fr D.ver
( )23.The pliceman helped the ld wman g ______ the B.acrss C.thrugh D.ver( )24.Dn’t drive s fast! We must slw dwn when we drive ______ the B.acrss C.ver D.thrugh
( )25.We can get fresh water frm rain， frm rivers， r frm ______ the B.under C.ver D.ff( )26.—Where is the Guangzhu Z?—I’ve n idea.Why nt find it ______ the map? A.at B.fr C.f D.n
( )27.There was an exciting mment in ur class when a large bird flew ______ the B.int C.nt D.with( )28.When I gt int the rm， Green was talking ______ the B.with C.t D.in
( )29.Yu can imprve yur English ______reading B.with C.by D.f( )30.—A persn’s life is like a rad ______ lts f difficulties.—Yes， s we need psitive B.with C.alng D.during
( )31.—Hw can we prtect urselves ______ the earthquake?—We shuld stay calm B.abut C.fr D.frm( )32.—This prblem is far ______ me.I’m afraid I can’t wrk it ut.—Dn’t wrry.We will help B.beside C.behind D.between
( )33.Lin Lin ften practices English ______ chatting with her American B.by C.fr D.with( )34.If yu keep n， yu’ll learn t write______ B.fr C.at D.n
( )35.Ben was helping his mther when the rain began t beat heavily ______ the B.acrss C.behind D.against( )36.It is great ______ us t get s many favrite bks n Internatinal Children’s Bk B.with C.f D.fr
( )37.Rbert Hunt smetimes advises the students ______ cmmn B.abut C.with D.fr( )38.We culdn’t finish ur wrk s early ______ yur B.with C.fr D.by
( )39.It is imprtant ______ us students t make a plan ______ ur studies befre a new term ；fr B.f；fr C.t；f D.with；n ( )40.—Tmrrw is ur hliday.What ______ ging hiking?—That sunds B.fr C.n D.abut
( )41.—Wh is yur favrite singer， Mike?—TFBys.They are very ______ bys and f B.ppular with C.strict with D.wrried abut( )42.Jenny’s uncle is a scientist. She is prud ______ B.at C.in D.f
( )43.—D yu believe that paper is made ______ wd?—Yes， I d.And yu can see that bks are made ______ ；frm B.frm；f C.f；frm D.f；f( )44.—The bx is t heavy t carry.What’s in it?—Oh， it is ______ with B.cvered with C.used fr D.asked fr
( )45.______her friends，she has nw becme a famus f B.Thanks t C.Thanks fr D.With the help