人教新目标八年级上册-英语语法知识点精讲及练习（含答案）

这是一份人教新目标八年级上册-英语语法知识点精讲及练习（含答案），共9页。试卷主要包含了 表示预见， 表示意图， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
be ging t d （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is ging t rain.
will d 结构表示将来的用法：
1. 表示预见
D yu think it will rain?
Yu will feel better after a gd rest.
2. 表示意图
I will brrw a bk frm ur schl library tmrrw.
What will she d tmrrw?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
（1）will+主语+d…? Will Sarah cme t visit me next Sunday?
（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / N, there wn’t
否定句构成：will + nt （wn’t）+d
Sarah wn’t cme t visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah d next Sunday?
★★练一练★★
根据例句，用will改写下列各句
例：I dn’t feel well tday. （be better tmrrw）
I’ll be better tmrrw.
1. Gina has six classes tday. （have a lt f hmewrk tnight）
_____________________________
2. I’m tired nw. （sleep later）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. （buy ne sn）
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right nw. （leave a little later）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful tday. （be better tmrrw）
_____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lt f hmewrk tnight.
2. I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy ne sn.
4. We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’ll be better tmrrw.
（二）shuld的用法：
shuld用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在shuld后边加nt.
例如：I think yu shuld eat less junk fd.
我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lt and she seldm walks. S I think she shuld walk a lt.
她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
Students shuldn’t spend t much time playing cmputer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
学习向别人提建议的几种句式：
（1）I think yu shuld…
（2）Well, yu culd…
（3）Maybe yu shuld …
（4）Why dn’t yu…?
（5）What abut ding sth.?
（6）Yu’d better d sth.
★★练一练★★
用shuld或shuldn’t填空
1. I can’t sleep the night befre exams.
Yu ______ take a warm shwer befre yu g t bed.
2. Gd friends ______ argue each ther.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy sme.
4. They didn’t invite yu? Maybe yu ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit verweight. S I think I _______ d exercises every day.
答案：1. shuld2. shuldn’t3. shuld4. shuld5. shuld
（三）过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
1. 构成
was /were + ding，例如：
I was watching TV at 9 ’clck last night.
at 9 ’clck last night是时间点
They were playing ftball all afternn.
all afternn是时间段
2. 过去进行时的标志词
at 8 ’clck last night, this time yesterday等。例如：
I was having lunch at hme this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a bk.
那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）
练一练
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）bks.
2. At 9 ’clck last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.
3. When I _____（cme）int the classrm, she ________ ______（read）a strybk.
4. She _____ ______（play）cmputer games while her mther ____ ______（ck）yesterday afternn.
5. I _____ ______（have）a shwer when yu _______（call）me yesterday.
答案：1. was reading2. were having3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cking5. was having; called
（四）间接引语
形成步骤：
（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号
（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）
（3）要考虑时态的变化
（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。
1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律
练一练
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She said I _____（be）hard-wrking.
2. Peter tld me he _____（be）bred yesterday.
3. She said she _____（g）swimming last Sunday.
4. Bbby said he _____（may）call me later.
5. Antni tld me he _____（read）a bk then.
答案：1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading
请转述他人说的话：
1. I g t the beach every Saturday. （Tm）
2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）
3. I will call yu tmrrw. （Mike）
4. I’m having a surprise party fr Lana. （she）
（五）if引导的条件状语从句
结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时
含义：如果……，将要……
例如：If yu ask him, he will help yu.
如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
If need be, we’ll wrk all night.
练一练
根据中文提示，完成句子。
1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。If yu ________ the party, yu __________.
2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。If it __________ tmrrw, we ___________.
3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。If yu ften ________, yu _________________.
答案：
1. If yu g t the party, yu will have a gd time
2. If it rains tmrrw, we wn’t g t the picnic
3. If yu ften listen t English sngs, yu’ll like English
二. 完形填空特点及解题思路
（一）题型分类与特点
完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。
1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。
2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。
（A）
Jack wanted t ask fr tw days ff, 1 he had nly learnt the phrase （短语）“have a day ff”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmther is ill. May I have a day ff, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of curse, yu can. ”replied （答复）the teacher at nce. After a while, the by came t 4 at the teacher’s dr. “May I have a day ff 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t yu 6 it just nw? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understd him and culd nt help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t yu say‘May I have tw days ff? ’”The by answered quickly 9 a lud vice. “But yu nly 10 us‘have a day ff! ’”
（ ）1. A. butB. andC. rD. fr
（ ）2. A. thught hardly
B. thught hard and hard
C. hard thught
D. thught and thught
（ ）3. A. MissB. sirC. teacherD. Mr
（ ）4. A. strikeB. bestC. hitD. knck
（ ）5. A. alsB. againC. tD. nce
（ ）6. A. speakB. tellC. sayD. d
（ ）7. A. tmrrw
B. the day after tmrrw
C. yesterday
D. the day befre yesterday
（ ）8. A. laughB. t laughC. laughedD. laughing
（ ）9. A. withB. nC. inD. by
（ ）10. A. teachB. taughtC. are teachingD. were teaching
（B）
请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。
than, s, tell, us, them, reprt, beause, lve, cmpsitin, understand, t, that, much, fr, what
A generatin gap （代沟）has becme a serius prblem. I read a _______（1）abut it in the newspaper. Sme children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they dn’t have a gd talk with each ther. Parents nw spend _______（4）time in the ffice. _______（5）they dn’t have much time t stay with their children. As time passes, they bth feel _______（6）they dn’t have the same tpics（话题）t talk abut. I want t _______（7）parents t be mre with yur children, get t knw them and understand them. And fr children, shw yur feeling _______（8）yur parents. They are the peple wh _______（9）yu. S tell them yur thughts （想法）. In this way, yu can have a better _______（10）f each ther.
完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：
1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。
2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：
1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。
2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。
3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
（三）课文阅读指导
1. 初中阅读
阅读理解能力
（1）理解主旨要义
（2）理解文中具体信息
（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义
（4）做出简单判断的推理
（5）理解文章的基本结构
（6）理解作者的意图和态度
2. 培养良好阅读习惯
（1）扩大视距
（2）克服声读
（3）克服逐字读
3. 猜测词文
（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测
（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。
（3）通过语篇标记进行预测
（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。
（5）利用背景知识预测
（6）利用图片进行预测
实战操练
（答题时间：80分钟）
一. 选择填空。
（ ）1. Beijing wn the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.
A. t hstB. hstC. hstingD. hsted
（ ）2. Tiger Wds can make billins ______ dllars a year.
A. frB. withC. fD. n
（ ）3. －Yu lked s beautiful at the party.
－_______.
A. N, I dn’t think s
B. Of curse
C. Thank yu very much
D. N, I’m nt beautiful
（ ）4. The text is very easy fr yu. There are ______ new wrds in it.
A. a fewB. a littleC. fewD. little
（ ）5. In the bkshp, a reader asked the shpkeeper ________ “Wh Mved My cheese”was an interesting bk.
A. thatB. whatC. hwD. if
（ ）6. －In ur English study reading is mre interesting than speaking, I think.
－I dn’t agree. Speaking is _______ reading.
A. as imprtant asB. s imprtant as
C. the mre imprtantD. the mst imprtant
（ ）7. If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.
A. wrkB. wrksC. wrkedD. will wrk
（ ）8. The manager ________ that the business wuld be wrse after the stck （股票）went dwn.
A. talkedB. tldC. saidD. spke
（ ）9. We shuld keep _________ in the reading-rm.
A. quietB. quietlyC. quiteD. quickly
（ ）10. －I think everything ges n well.
－_______.
A. S I dB. I d sC. S d I D. S is I
（ ）11. If yu want t watch TV, yu may turn _______.
A. dwnB. it nC. n itD. it ff
（ ）12. I’m srry I haven’t gt any mney. I’ve ________ my handbag at hme.
A. missedB. leftC. putD. frgtten
（ ）13. He is listening t the music _______ she is washing clthes.
A. afterB. befreC. thatD. while
（ ）14. It takes ________ time t g t Beijing by plane than by train.
A. mreB. fewerC. lngerD. less
（ ）15. －Excuse me. Have yu gt an eraser?
－Srry, I haven’t. Why _______ yu ask Mary? Perhaps she’s gt ne.
A. dB. dn’tC. didD. didn’t
二. 选择恰当的答语。
_____1. What were yu ding when the UFO landed? A. Yur teacher wn’t let yu in.
_____2. Will peple use paperB. He said I culdn’t stay ut late.
mney in the future?
_____3. I can’t sleep, what shuld I d? C. I was ding my hmewrk.
_____4. If I wear jeans t schl, D. N, they wn’t. Everyne
what will happen? will have a credit card.
_____5. What did yur father say? E. Yu shuld listen t sme
relaxing music.
三. 根据汉语提示填空：
1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？
I dn’t knw __________ t d, can yu give me sme _______?
2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。
While the alien was _______ a suvenir, I ________ the plice.
3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。
On my way hme frm schl, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a windw.
4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。
I dn’t want t talk _________ it with yu _________ the phne.
5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。
We are ging t have a _______ party fr Jhn ________ Friday evening.
四. 完形填空：
把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。
Three men went up in a balln（气球）. They started early in Lndn. The headman was Ted, and the ther tw men were Davy and Emili. 1 Sn they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rpe （绳子）, and it was hanging dwn frm the basket f the balln. At the end f the rpe they had tied a metal bx. This culd hld water, r it culd be empty. S 2 . It was fr use ver the sea. They were als carrying sme bags f sand.
After the sun rse, the balln went higher. It went up t 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balln became ice. Snw fell past the men’s basket, and they culd see mre snw n the grund. 4 , but it was hard. They tried t break the icy sand with their knives, but it was nt easy. The wrk was slw and they were still falling, s they had t drp sme whle bags f sand. One f them fell n an icy lake and made a black hle in the ice.
At last they pulled the bx int the basket. It was still snwing; s 5 . They rse t 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were s cld that they decided t land. They came dwn in Pland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilmetres frm Lndn!
A. The men tried t thrw ut sme mre sand
B. they were able t change its weight （重量）
C. They had a big balln and they were ready fr a lng way.
D. they climbed t get away frm the snw
E. the air there was very cld
五. 阅读理解
（A）
Einstein Was Waiting fr His Friend
Once Einstein was waiting fr ne f his friends n a bridge. He was thinking a blem. While he was waiting, it began t rain. The rain kept n fr sme time. When Einstein tk ut a piece f paper frm his pcket t write smething dwn, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clthes had becme wet. But after he put the paper int his pcket, he frgt he was standing in the rain again.
Many scientists are nt careful with their lives. This is because they are t careful with their studies.
1. What did Einstein d? He was ______.
A. a dctrB. a teacherC. a scientist
2. Why was Einstein n a bridge.
A. Because he was writing smething n the bridge.
B. Because he was waiting fr a friend.
C. Because he was thinking.
3. It rained _________.
A. smetimesB. fr sme timeC. fr a lng time
4. Einstein ________ and began t write smething n it.
A. bught a piece f paper.
B. tk a piece f paper frm his car.
C. tk ut a piece f paper frm his pcket.
5. Which is true?
A. Einstein was careful with his wrk.
B. Einstein was careful with his clthes.
C. Einstein was careful with his friends.
（B）
生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1－5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。）
1. If the persn has stpped breathing, yu must try t start his / her breathing at nce. The best thing is t use the muth-t-muth way. Lay the persn n his / her back and breathe int his / her muth.
2. If the persn is bleeding （流血）badly, yu must try t stp the bleeding. Press n the bleeding pint with a piece f clean clth and hld up the part f the bdy which is bleeding.
3. If yu are bitten （cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cld running water. Cver the brken part, if there is any, with a piece f clean clth. Then see a dctr as sn as pssible.
4. If yu are burnt （hurt by fire r smething very ht）, cl the burnt part at nce. Run cl （nt cld）water ver the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece f dry clean clth ver the burnt part.
5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it’s very dangerus. The lift may get trapped between flrs. Use the stairs and leave the building at nce. 1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____
Here are sme pictures t chse.
六. 写作：
（从下列2封来信中选择一封写回信。）
Dear friend,
There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited t the party except me. I am angry. And I dn’t knw why they didn’t invite me! What d yu think? Can yu help me?
Upset
Dear friend,
I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is t bad. Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just s s. I want t imprve my English. What shuld I d? Culd yu give me sme advice?
Lking fr help
Dear _______,
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【试题答案】
（A）1. A2. D3. B4. D5. B
6. C7. B8. D9. C10. B
（B）1. reprt2. themselves3. because
4. much / mre5. S6. that7. tell
8. t9. lve10. understanding
参考练习答案：
一. 1. A2. C3. C4. C5. D
6. A7. B8. C9. A10. C
11. B12. B13. D14. D15. B
二. 1. C2. D3. E4. A5. B
三. 1. what, advice2. buying, called
3. ut, f4. abut, n5. surprise, n
四. 1. C2. B3. E4. D5. A
五. （A）1. C2. B3. B4. C5. A
（B）1. C2. B3. F4. G5. E
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
直接引语
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may
间接引语
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. wuld
5. culd
6. might