人教版初中英语八年级上册 Unit8 知识清单+习题

这是一份人教版初中英语八年级上册 Unit8 知识清单+习题，共7页。
shake n& v (shk/shaken)摇动;抖动
blender n.食物搅拌器
peel v.剥皮;去皮
pur v.倒出;倾倒
ygurt n.(＝ yghurt)酸奶
hney n.蜂蜜
watermeln n.西瓜
spn n.勺;调羹
pt n锅
add v.增加;添加
finally adv.最后;最终
salt n.食盐
sugar n.食糖
cheese n.干酪;奶酪
ppcrn n.爆米花
crn n.玉米;谷物
machine n.机器,机械装置
dig v.(dug/dug)掘(地),凿(洞);挖(土)
hle n，洞;孔;坑
sandwich n.夹心面包片;三明治
butter n.黄油;奶油
turkey n火鸡
lettuce n莴苣;生菜
piece n片;块;段
Thanksgiving n感恩节
traditinal adj传统的;惯例的
autumn n.秋天;秋季
traveler n(=traveller) 漂泊者;旅行者;游客
England 英格兰
celebrate v庆祝;庆贺
mix n混合配料 v(使)混合;融合
pepper n.胡椒粉;柿子椒
fill v.(使)充满;装满
ven n.烤箱;烤炉
plate n.盘子;碟子
cver v遮盖;覆盖 n.覆盖物;盖子
gravy n (调味)肉汁
serve v接待;服务;提供
temperature n.温度;气温;体温
常考短语、用法
milk shake奶昔
turn n接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开
pur…int…把…倒进……里
ne cup f ygurt一杯酸奶
cut up切碎
put…int...把……放进…里
ne mre thing还有一件事
a piece f一片/块/段/首……
at this time此时
give thanks fr对……表示感谢
a few一些;几个
… 用…装满…
…用…覆盖…
ne by ne一个接一个;逐个;依次
a lng time很长时间
traditinal fd传统食物
mix... and...把……和…混合
at a very high temperature以高温;在高温下
hw many+可数名词复数 多少……
hw much+不可数名词 多少……
let sb. d sth.让某人做某事
want t d sth.想要做某事
frget t d sth.忘记做某事(未做)
hw t d sth.如何做某事
There are many reasns fr… …有许多理由。
by+ ding sth.通过做某事
need t d sth.需要做某事
make+宾语+形容词 使…怎样
It’s time( fr sb)+ t d sth.到(某人)做某事的时间了。
First... Next... Then... Finally... 首先…接下来…然后…最后…
基本句型
1. Hw d yu make a banana milk shake?
2. ---Hw many bananas d we need? ---We need three bananas
3. ---Hw much ygurt d we need? ---We need ne cup f ygurt
4. Turn n the blender
5. Cut up the bananas
6. Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix
7. D yu knw hw t plant a tree?
8. Here is ne way t make turkey fr a Thanksgiving dinner.
重点语法 （一）祈使句
在英语中，用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。
祈使句通常省略主语(yu)，句首动词用原形，回答祈使句时要用一般将来时
祈使句的肯定形式
拓展：为了表示委婉的语气可以在句首或句尾加上 please， please在句尾时，用逗号和前面隔开。
Sit dwn， please!请坐!
2.祈使句的否定形式
(1)Dn’t+动词原形+其他成分. Dn’t g ut at night.晚上不要出去。
(2)Let型祈使句的否定形式，表示命令时通常在句首加dn’t，表示请求或建议时通常在宾语后、动词原形前加nt
Dn’t let them g.不要让他们走。 Let us nt talk abut it.咱们别谈论这个了。
3.祈使句的强调形式
(1)有时为了加强语气，可在句首加助动词d。
D tell me when he cmes back! 他回来时一定告诉我!
(2)有时为了明确地向对方提出请求或发出命令，可加上称呼语，或把省略的yu表示出来。
Yu turn ff the light，Tm!汤姆，你关灯!
（二）可数名词与不可数名词
从名词所表示的事物的性质来看，名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。
1.分辨可数名词和不可数名词
(1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词本身没有复数形式。 pen→pens钢笔 bread面包
(2)不定冠词、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量;
而不可数名词在表示数量时，用“不定冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+f+不可数名词”。
an apple一个苹果 tw phts 两张照片 a piece f bread一片面包 fur cups f water四杯水
(3)可数名词复数前可用many， few，a few等修饰;不可数名词前可用much， little， a little等修饰。
many teachers许多教师 much mney许多钱
既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词的有：sme（肯定句），any（否定句），a lt f=lts f
sme bks一些书 sme juice一些果汁
(4)提问可数名词的数量用 hw many，提问不可数名词的数量用 hw much（还可问价格）
Hw many flwers d yu have?你有多少花?
Hw much bread d we need?我们需要多少面包?
2.可数名词的复数
名词复数的变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)规则变化 名词复数的构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es，其具体方法如下
例外：以f(e)结尾的名词：加-s belief信念、rf屋顶、safe保险柜、gulf港湾、chief长官、cliff悬崖
[拓展]以字母结尾的名词，
1）常用词：变复数形式时加-es; ptat土豆 tmat西红柿 her 英雄
Negr黑人 （蔑称） ech回声 trnad 龙卷风 trped鱼雷
msquit蚊子 mang芒果 buffal水牛 vlcan火山等
2)元音+/结尾: 加-s。 radi收音机 vide视频 studi录音棚
z动物园 bamb竹子 kangar袋鼠 tat纹身
3）外来词、音乐词汇：加-s tbacc烟草 pian钢琴 cell 大提琴 sl独奏
4）缩写词：加-s pht（phtgraph）照 kil(kilgram) 公斤 hipp（hippptamus）河马
(2)不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母。
man→men男人 wman→ wmen女人 gse→geese 鹅 ft→feet脚 tth- teeth牙齿
②词尾有变化。 child→ children孩子
③单数、复数形式相同。
sheep→ sheep绵羊 deer→deer鹿 Chinese→ Chinese中国人
(3)通常情况下，当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，其复数形式只需要将其主体词变为复数形式。但当man或 wman修饰另一个名词时，变复数时要将名词及man和wman都变成复数。
a girl student→ girl students女学生 a new- cmer→new- cmers新来的人
a man driver→ men drivers男司机 a wman teacher→ wmen teachers女教师
练习题：
1._______me an email befre yu cme t Hangzhu. I'll meet yu at the airprt
A Sending B. T send C. Sends D Send
Tmmy，___ play basketball in the street next time. Yu may get hit by a car A. d B. dn't C. must D. mustn’t
3.---Mum， I’m nt full. May I have tw_______? ---Certainly. But dn't eat t many.
A range B. chickens C eggs D. bread
4. A: Can I help yu， madam? B: I want_____________.
A tw bxes f apple B tw glass f water C tw bwls f prridge
5.______ yur umbrella, r yu'll catch a cld n such a rainy day A. Take B T take C Taking D. Takes
6._______ wake up yur sister, Ben. She needs a gd sleep. A. Dn’t B. Desn't C. Aren’t D. Can't
7. We shuld take ur teachers’______ and make full use f_____ t study
A. advices; times B. advice: time C. advice; times D. advices; time
8. ---Hw much____ the pair f shes? ---Twenty dllars______ enugh.
A. is: is B. is: are C, are: is D. are: are
9. There are tw______ and three______ n the table
A apples; banana B. apple; banana C apples; bananas D apple; bananas
知识点解析、拓展
1. cut短语归纳
类型
结构
例句
D型（动态句）
动词原形(+宾语)…
Put the bk n the desk把书放在桌子上。
Be型（静态句）
Be+形容词/名词…
Be careful! 小心!
Let型（使役句）
Let+ sb.+动词原形…
Let me read the letter fr yu让我给你读这封信吧。
N型（警示句）
N+动词ing /名词
N smking禁止吸烟。
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加-s
清辅音后读/s/;
浊辅音和元音后读/z/;
在/s/, /z/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/等后读/iz/
bk- bks书 dg-dgs狗
以s，x，ch，sh等结尾的
大多数名词
加-es
class-- -classes班级
watch-watches手表
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词
变y为i，再加es
city-cities城市 baby- babies婴儿
factry- factries 工厂
以f(e)结尾的名词
变f(e) 为v，再加-es
wife -wives妻子 half-halves一半
leaf树叶、knife小刀、shelf架子、wlf狼、 thief小偷、life生命
cut in插嘴
cut ut删除;减去
cut ff切断，切除
cut…int…把…切成…
cut in line插队
cut dwn砍倒;砍伐，缩减
cut up 切碎
单元习题
单选1
1. _____this kind f peach, and yu will like it A. T try B Trying C Try D Tried
2. Dn’t_____ the TV. My baby is sleeping nw. A turn n B. turn ff C turn dwn
3.——I need sme help． Can yu_____ the bananas fr fruit salad? ---Yes, mum. But where's the knife?
A. cut up B mix up C put up
4.——_____milk d yu want? ---Three bttles, please. A. Hw much B Hw many C What
5.--- Hw much tea d yu need，Mr Zhang? --- _____.
A. Tw cups tea B. Tw cup f teas C. Tw cups f t
6. Can I help yu，dear？ Yeah, I dn't knw_____ a banana milk shake. Maybe yu can teach me.
A what t d B when t make C hw t make D why t d
7. Yu can imprve yur English_____ reading mre. A in B with C by D. f
8. 我的宠物狗使我的生活充满了乐趣。 My pet dg______ my life______ great pleasure.
9. _______a bk in the library, enter a key wrd int the cmputer A. T find B. Find C. T write D. Write
10. The students f Grade7 visited Mike's farm and saw many_____ there. A. bird B duck C. sheep D, rabbit
11. Culd yu please get me sme_____? I’m hungry. A apple B, water C bread D. egg
单选2
1. Please_____ the TV. There is an NBA game n CCTV-5. Let's watch it.
A turn n B. turn ff C, pen D. clse
2.——______ygurt d yu want? ---Three cups.
A Hw many B Hw much C. Hw lng D Hw far
3. There are three bananas. Please________ A cut up them B cut up it C. cut them up D cut it up
4. I tried many times ver and ver again. _____________I made it
A First B Hardly C Next D. Finally
5. ---Let's make Russian sup ——_______
A. Yu're welcme B. That's a gd idea C. Thank yu D. That’s all right
6. ---The water in the glass is sweet. Did yu put any_______ in it? ---Yes, I added sme t it just nw
A sugar B salt C. il D pepper
7. Here______ fur bwls______ water A is f B. are f C. is fr D are: fr
8. We need t_____ the bananas befre we eat them. A. mix B pur C. cut D. Peel
9. They celebrate the festival by______ a big meal with their family. A. have B, has C having D. t have
10.--- _____d yu make a paper bird? ---Very simple（简单的）． Let me shw yu
A What B Hw C Where D When
单选3
1.---Culd yu______ the cmputer fr me, dear? I want t check my e-mails ---Certainly, I'll d it right away
A turn n B turn dwn C. turn ff D turn up
2.---Culd yu help me_____ the beef fr dinner, Jean? ---OK, Mm. I'll d it right away
A. take ff B knck ff C cut dwn D. cut up
3.---Des he need_____ there at nce? ---N. he_____ leave s hurriedly because he has enugh time
A. t g; desn’t need B g; needn't C t g; needn’t
4.---I'll have a ten-day hliday. But I dn't knw_________ ---Hw abut Paris?
A what t d B where t g C. when t g
5.The Dragn Bat Festival is an imprtant day in ur cuntry. On that day we can have sme______ fd like zngzi.
A. natinal B, western C. traditinal
6.The wman_____ is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther A which B wh C whm D what
7. We can save mney______ cking ur wn meals instead f eating utside A. by B. t C fr D. with
8.---Yu shuld______ the custmers sme tea befre meals ---But they said they culdn’t wait t eat
A. serve B invite C prvide D grw
9.This weekend ur class will g t a muntain near ur city_______ trees.
A plant B. planted C t plant D planting
单选4
1.Here is a banana; please______. We'll make a banana milk shake A cut them up B cut up it C. cut it up
2.Mum wants t watch the CCTV news. Let’ s_____ the TV
A turn dwn B. turn n C. turn ff D turn in
3.---Ms.Wang，I’ m afraid I can’t finish the wrk in tw days. ---Dn't wrry. I’ll give yu_____ days.
A tw anther B. tw mre C mre tw D tw many
4.---Sam，dn’t frget_____ the bk t the library tmrrw ---OK. I wn’t.
A return B returning C returned D t return
5.---Mike，_____d yu g t wrk? ----I take a bus t my ffice every day
A. hw B why C when D where
6.正如习总书记说的:“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现。”
As President Xi says, "If we are___________ __________energies t d everything, China Dream is sure t cme true
7.---Yu shuld______ the custmers sme tea befre meals. ---But they said they culdn't wait t eat
A serve B invite C prvide D grw
8.The table is s dirty. Why dn’t yu_____ the table______ a piece f clth.
A put; n B cver: with C turn: int D take: frm
七、书面表达
你喜欢吃三明治吗?你知道如何制作三明治吗?亲手为自己做一份三明治吧!请看下表:
要求:1.短文须用到表中所提供的原材料; 2.词数80左右。
Hw t Make a Sandwich?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
八、中考语法专练 祈使句
考查题型：句子翻译 方法：熟记各种句型
1.--- Dn’t________ t much sweet. It's bad fr yur teeth. ---Yes， yu are right.
A eating B eat C. t eat D. ate
2. 别发出噪音了，因为有人在看书。____________________________ because smene is reading.
3.仔细记笔记，这对你的学习有帮助。___________________________________, and it is helpful fr yur study
4.旅途中，请保管好自己的物品。________________________________________when yu are travelling.
5.考试之后，咱们放松一下吧。_______________________________________after the exam
6.不要和你的老师顶嘴。_____________________________________________________________________
7.生气时不要做任何决定。_____________________________________________________________
8.请遵守学校的规章制度。________________________________________________________________
9. Bys and girls,_____ learning and have fun! A. keep B. t keep C. keeping D. kept
10. ---Mm, can I g dancing this evening? ---_________yur hmewrk first, and then we’ll talk abut it.
A. Finish B. Finishing C. T finish D. Finished
11. David,__________ make truble at schl A. can’t B. dn’t C. desn’t D. didn’t
12.注意你的言行举止，否则你将被嘲笑!_________________________________________________
13.让我们再试一试!____________________________________________________________
14.请不要在阳光下读书!_________________________________________________________
15.__________ me a chance and I'll bring yu a surprise. A. Give B. Giving C. Gives D. T give
16.--- Peter,_____ listen t music in class. ---Srry, Ms. Clark A. d B. dn’t C. des D. desn't
17.安静点儿。学生们正在考试。___________________________. The students are taking an exam
18.穿上你的毛衣，因为外面很冷。_____________________________ because it is cld utside
19.不要在阅览室里喧哗。_________________________________________________________________
参考答案
四、DBCC AABAC
六、单选1 1. C2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. fills／filled，with 9. A 10. C 11. C
单选2 1-10ABCDB ABDCB
单选3 1-9ADCBC BAAC
单选4 1-8CBBDA full f/ filled with AB
七、
Hw t Make a Sandwich?
D yu like sandwiches? D yu knw hw t make a sandwich? Let’s have a try.
T make a sandwich. we need bread, butter, nins, tmates, turkey and relish.
First , check all the ingredients and put tw spns f butter n a piece f bread. Next, cut up an nin and a tmat. Add them t the bread. Then, add three pieces f turkey and put ne spn f relish n the turkey. Finally, put anther piece f bread n tp.
The sandwich is OK. Dn’t yu think it is great? Yu can enjy it nw.
八、1.B
2. Dn’t make a/any nise/make nises
3. Be careful with yur ntes/ Write dwn yur ntes carefully
4. Please be careful with/take gd care f yur things
5. Let's relax/have a relax/relax urselves
6. Dn’t talk back t yur teacher
7. Dn't make any decisin(s) when yu are angry/get annyed /get mad/Make n decisin(s) when yu are angry/ get annyed/get mad
8. Please fllw/bey/keep the schl rules
9.A 10,A 11.B
12. Pay attentin t yur manners, r yu'll be laughed at
13. Let's have anther try
14. Please dn't read in the sun
15. A 16. B 17. Be/Keep quiet 18. Put n yur sweater
19. Dn’t make a nise/any nise(s)/nises in the reading rmIngredients
原料
bread
butter
nin
tmat
turkey
relish
调味品
Amunts
数量
2 pieces
2 spns
1
1
3 pieces
1 spn