人教版初中英语8年级上册 Unit1 知识清单 习题

这是一份人教版初中英语8年级上册 Unit1 知识清单 习题，共7页。试卷主要包含了常考短语，基本句型，重点语法，知识点解析，单元习题，书面表达，语法专练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
anyne prn.任何人
anywhere adv.在任何地方
wnderful adj精彩的,绝妙的
few adj. &prn不多;很少
mst adj. adv. & prn.最多;大多数
smething prn.某事;某物
nthing prn.没有什么;没有一件东西
everyne prn每人;人人;所有人
myself prn我自己;我本人
yurself prn (pl. yurselves)你自己;您自己
hen n母鸡
pig n.猪
seem v.好像;似乎;看来
bred adj.厌倦的;烦闷的
smene prn.某人
diary n日记;记事簿
enjyable adj有乐趣的:令人愉快的
activity n.活动
decide v.决定;选定
try v&n尝试;设法;努力
paragliding n.滑翔伞运动
bird n.鸟
bicycle n自行车;脚踏车
building n.建筑物;房子
trader n商人
wnder v想知道;琢磨
difference n.差别;差异
tp n.顶部;表面
wait v等待;等候
umbrella n.伞;雨伞
wet adj湿的;潮湿的;下雨的
belw prep. &adv在……下面;到……下面
enugh adj＆adv.足够的(地);充足的(地);充分的(地)
hungry adj饥饿的
as adv像……一样;如同, cnj当……时;如同
hill n.小山;山丘
duck n.鸭
dislike v &n.不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物)
二、常考短语、用法g n vacatin 去度假
stay at hme 待在家里
g t the muntains 去山区
g t the beach 去海滩
visit museums 参观博物馆
g t summer camp 去夏令营
quite a few 相当多 ，不少
study fr… 为……而学习
g ut 出去
mst f the time 大部分时间
taste gd 尝起来很好吃
have a gd time 玩得高兴 ，过得愉快
f curse 当然，自然
feel like 给……的感觉；感受到
g shpping 去购物
in the past 在过去
walk arund 四处走走
t many 太多
because f 因为
ne bwl f… 一碗……
the next day 第二天
drink tea 喝茶
find ut 找出；查明
g n 继续
smething imprtant 重要的事
up and dwn 上上下下
cme up 出来，升起
take phts 照相
keep a diary 记日记
buy sth. fr sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物
taste + adj. 尝起来……
seem+（t be）+ adj. /n. 看起来……
keep ding sth. 继续做某事
arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地
tell sb. (nt) t d sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
try ding sth 尝试做某事
try t d sth.尽力去做某事
decide t d sth. 决定去做某事
frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事
frget t d sth 忘记去做某事
enjy ding sth. 喜欢做某事
want t d sth. 想去做某事
stp ding sth. 停止做某事
dislike ding sth. 不喜欢做某事
Why nt d. sth.? 为什么不做……呢？
s+adj.+that 从句 如此……以至于……
lk+adj. 看起来……
start ding sth 开始做某事
feel like ding sth 想要做某事
Hw d yu like …? 你认为…怎么样？
三、基本句型
1. Where did yu g n vacatin?
2.Oh， did yu g anywhere interesting?
3. Hw did yu like it?
4. What a difference a day makes!
5. My legs were s tired that I wanted t stp

四、重点语法
复合不定代词 （不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词）
1）构成:由sme，any， every，n加上ne， bdy， thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。
含有bdy和ne的复合不定代词 指人 含有thing的复合不定代词 指物
2).用法
(1)复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不能作定语。
There is smene utside the dr.(主语)门外有人。
I dn’t have anything t say tday.(宾语)我今天没什么可说的。
Mney isn’t everything.(表语)金钱不是一切。
(2)复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式、else等修饰时，形容词、动词不定式、else等应置于其后。（后置）
I have smething imprtant t tell yu我有重要的事情要告诉你。
There is nthing wrng with the radi这个收音机没有毛病。
D yu want anything t read? 你想读点什么吗?
(3)复合不定代词表示单数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everything begins t grw in spring 春天万物开始生长。
(4)sme-不定代词通常用于肯定句中;any-不定代词则多用于否定句或疑问句中。但在表示请求、建议、邀请等
委婉语气的疑问句中，问话者希望得到肯定答复时，常用含有sme的不定代词，如 smething， smebdy，
smene等。
Will yu ask smene t carry the bx fr me? 你找人替我扛这个箱子好吗?
Wuld yu like smething t drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗?
(5) anyne， anything也可用在肯定句中，前者表示“任何人”，后者表示“任何事”
Anyne can d this.任何人都会做这个。
I can d anything fr yu.我能为你做任何事
拓展： 辨析
anyne 只指人，不指物，且后面不接f短语
any ne 既可指人，又可指物，表示“任何一个”,后面可接f短语
Anyne in my class knws any ne f the singers and any ne f their sngs.
我们班上任何人都知道这些歌手中的任何一个和他们歌曲中的任何一首。
练习题：
1.（2012・黑龙江绥化）---Excuse me， is there_____ in tday's newspaper? ---N, nthing.
A smething new B new smething C anything new
2. （2012・江苏宿迁）—Jack， is there_____ in tday’s newspaper? ——N, nthing.
A anything imprtant B smething imprtant C imprtant anything D imprtant smething
3 . -D yu have ____t say fr yurself? -N, I have ____t say.
A. smething everything B nthing smething C everything anything D anything nthing
4. -Wuld yu like____ t eat? -Thanks, please
A smething B anything C. sme things D any things
5. Is there_____ else in the classrm? ---It's empty. _____ is listening t a speech in the schl hall
A anyne; Anyne B anyne; Everyne C. everyne; Anyne D. everyne; Everyne
6.(2015・山东烟台) When ur teacher heard f the news, he was t angry t say_______
A. everything B. nthing C smething D anything
7. (2016・贵州安顺) ---Is there______ in tday’s newspaper? ---N, I think everything in it is bring
A interesting anything B smebdy interesting C interesting smething D anything interesting
8.---Hw is Lily in the new schl? ---She is ding very well. There is_______ t wrry abut
A. nthing B smething C. anything
9.(2016・济南)---Sir，______ called yu just nw. I tld him t phne again 20 minutes later ---OK. Thanks，
Nancy A. smene B. nbdy C. anyne D. everyne
10.(2016・广西来宾) Dear classmates， may I have yur attentin, please? I have______ t tell yu.
A imprtant smething B imprtant anything C smething imprtant D anything imprtant
11. (2016・山东临沂) Water is imprtant t_______, s there are many water festivals arund the wrld.
A. everyne B. nbdy C. smebdy D. smething

五、知识点解析、拓展
1. I just stayed at hme mst f the time t read and relax.我大部分时只是待在家里读书、休息。(教材2)
mst f the time意为“大部分时间”，其中mst为代词，意为“大部分;大多数;大体上”。
He spent mst f the time taking phts 他把大部分时间花在摄影上。
mst f意为“……中的大多数”，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 mst f后的名词或代词的数
Mst f the fd ges bad 大部分食物变质了。
Mst f us are ging t the park 我们大多数人要去公园。
拓展:
= 1 \* GB3 ①mst用作形容词，1)可作 many，much的最高级，意为“最多的，最高程度的”，后面可跟可数名词复数
或不可数名词;
2)表示“多数的,大部分的”时，后面可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。
He always has the mst need f help他总是最需要帮助的。
Mst students in his class like music.他班上的大多数学生喜欢音乐。
②mst用作副词时，常置于两个或两个以上音节的形容词或副词前，与之一起构成该词的最高级形式。
Lessn 10 is the mst interesting in the bk第10课是这本书里最有趣的。
2. 拓展: g+…的短语:
ne
bdy
thing
sme
肯定句
smene
某人
smebdy
某人
smething
某事，某物
any
否定句、疑问句
anyne
任何人
anybdy
任何人
anything
任何事物
every
everyne
每人，人人
everybdy
每人，人人
everything
每一件事物，一切
n
否定含义
n ne
没有人
nbdy
没有人
nthing
没有任何东西
g climbing去爬山
g skating去滑冰
g hiking去远足
g sightseeing去观光
g fishing去钓鱼
g swimming去游泳
g camping去野营
g surfing去冲浪
g bike riding骑自行车旅行
g bating去划船
g shpping 去购物
g walking 去散步
g jgging 去慢跑
g running 去跑步
3. We waited ver an hur fr the train because there were t many peple.
因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。(教材5)
(1)ver介词，意为“多于;超过;在….以上(表示数目、程度)”，相当于 mre than
My father is ver40 years ld.我爸爸四十多岁了。
拓展: ①ver表示“在……之上”，与物体垂直且不接触，反义词为 under。
There is a map ver the blackbard 黑板正上方有一幅地图。
②ver表示“从(某物的)一边到另一边”。
There is a stne bridge ver the river.河上面有一座石桥
③ver表示“通过”。
I hear the news ver the radi 我通过收音机听新闻。
④ver表示“遍及”。
TFBOYS is ppular all ver China TFBOYS在全国都很受欢迎
(2)辨析: t many， t much与 much t
t many 修饰可数名词复数，意为“太多”,作定语，
Mther bught t many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了太多的鸡蛋。
t much 修饰不可数名词，意为“太多”;作定语 We have t much wrk t d.我们有太多工作要做
还可修饰动词，作状语 Dn’t talk t much 不要说得太多。
much t 修饰形容词或副词，意为“太”
Everything was much t expensive, s I bught nthing所有东西都太贵了，所以我什么也没买。
Yu're walking much t fast 你走得太快了。 4. 拓展: 与cme相关的短语
cme up升起;发生
cme dwn下降，下落
cme ut出版;发生;出来;开花
cme in进来
cme ver过来
cme true实现，成为现实
cme up with想出(主意)
cme n赶快，加油
cme alng进展;一起去
六、单元习题
1. He went int his rm and_____ t wrk. A begins B began C. beginning D t begin
2.（2012山东源坊）--- Des the sup____ nice? —Yes ， It's ht, but really delicius.
A sund B feel C lk D. taste
3. （2011・新疆）--- September 10th is_____ Day in China, isn’t it? —Yes, it is
A . A teacher B Teachers’ C Teacher D. Teachers
4.（长春中考） I enjy____ my bike in the muntains. It's nt always easy, but exciting.
A. ride B. rde C. t ride D. riding
5. （2012：山东威海中考模拟） Why dn’t yu ____yur friends t the party? I want t meet them.
A. bring B. brings C, leaves D. take
6. （2011・湖南怀化）---Dn’t frget____ yur hmewrk, Jhn. —- OK. I'll d it right nw.
A ding B d C. t d
7. （2011・山东泰安）－I feel tired and sleepy. -—Why nt stp____ fr a while?
A. rest B t rest C. resting D rested
8. （2012・江苏徐州） —Why nt____ Jhn a ty car fr his birthday? —Gal idea! He is crazy abut cars.
A buy B buying C t buy D buys
9.（2012・辽宁大连中考改编） Prject Hpe built（建造） many schls_____ big classrms and libraries.
A in B f C fr D. with
10. （2012・黑龙江绥化） The sccer match was＿____exciting that everyne was cheering and jumping.
A very B. s C. t
11.（2011・重庆江津） Teachers always tell me_____ cmputer games t much.
A nt t play B t play C nt play D. plays
12. （2012・天津） I have been t Shanghai．I____ there last mnth. A g B went C have gne D will g
13. Paul and I_____ tennis yesterday. He did much better than I. A Play B will play C played Dare playing
did Mr. Smith d befre he came t China? ——He_____ in a car factry.
A wrked B wrks C. is wrking D. will wrk
单项填空
6. I dn't want t g t the museum, it's t______. A relaxing B, bring C bred D beautiful
7. On weekends, I have nthing t d but ___TV. A watches B, t watch C watching D watch
8. I didn't g t the muntains_____ the bad weather A. s B because f C, because D. but
9, D yu enjy_____ phts? A. t take B, take C taking D, takes
10. Yesterday afternn, we____ t the park. A, went B g C, ges D ged
11.It's cld, s we decided_____ at hme. A stay B, t stay C, staying D stayed
12. Dn't frget_____ yur hmewrk tmrrw A, bring B, t bring C, brught D. bringing
13. She didn't_____ me abut it. A. tld B, tell C, telling D. tells
14, ——Where____ she ____n vacatin? ——She visited her uncle.
A did g B, des g C, did; went D, des went
15. -Hw was yur summer camp in Beijing last year?——______.I had a gd time with my friends.
A. Awful B Great C Expensive D. Nt gd
句型转换
16. I did my hmewrk yesterday．（改为否定句）I______ _______ my hmewrk yesterday.
17. She went t New Yrk n vacatin.(就画线部分提问）________did she________ n vacatin?
18． Vera visited the Great Wall last Sunday（改为一般疑问句）
______Vera______ the Great Wall last Sunday?
19． He went t the beach last week．（就画线部分提问）
_______ ________he______ last week?
20． The students had great fun in the park．（改为同义句）
The students______ ______ ________ ______ in the park
1. ---Wuld yu help us make a plan t explre Tibet? ---_______
A. N, thanks B. Yes. f curse C. It's very kind f yu
2. I will call yu as sn as I arrive in Guilin (找同义词)？
A. get t B. reach t C get D. arrive
3. The Smiths have decided_____ a huse near the sea A buy B bught C buying D t buy
4.(2016・黑龙江齐齐哈尔) We feel like_____ sme fd and drink because we'll invite sme friends_____ in a party.
A. buying; t jin B t buy; jining C buying; jin
5.Everyne was______ when they heard the____ news A exciting; exciting B. excited; exciting C exciting; excited
6.My ld neighbr Charles enjys______ phts. He always ges ut with his camera
A take B t take C taking D tk
7.---Making paper bttles? Ww,______ great idea! ---Thank yu. We may use less plastic in this way
A hw B what C what an D. what a
8.---what's this? ---Oh, my Gd! It's a gift fr James. I frgt______ it this afternn. A t pst B. psting C pst
9. The bk is______ interesting_______ I can’t put it dwn A. s: that B. such: that C. t: t D very; that
10.---Wuld yu like t g swimming in the river, Jhn? ---Swim? Srry, ur teachers always tell us_____in the river alne A. didn’t swim B. t nt swim C nt swimming D. nt t swim
11. (2016・北京)- --Where did yu g last weekend? ---I ______t the Great Wall
A. g B. went C will g D have gne
12.(2016・长沙)---Yur cat fits yu well. ---Thank yu. I_____ it when I was n vacatin
A have bught B buy C bught
七、书面表达
假如你去年夏天去北京度假，游览过许多地方。请以 My Vacatin t Beijing为题，写篇80词左右的游记。
内容包括:
1.旅游景点( the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, Tian'anmen Square, a Beijing hutng, Beihai Park)
2.天气和活动;
3.感受…….
My Vacatin t Beijing
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

八、语法专练：复合不定代词 （鞍山2014.52）考查题型：单选、完型、12-10
28.(2018抚顺13题) It seems that_______ is wrng with the cmputer. I will get it repaired sn,
A nthing B,. smething C. anything D. everything
29，(2017本溪8题) Mr.Li lked fr yu just nw. He seemed t have_______ imprtant t tell yu
A nthing B anything C. smething D. everything
30.(2013抚顺2题)---Kate， can we start at 8:00a.m.? ---Yes,______ is ready fr the trip
A. Anything B. Everything C. Smething D. Nthing
31.(2017朝阳24题)--- Wh helped yu clean the bed-rm yesterday, Kitty? ---_______. I cleaned it all by myself
A. Nbdy B. Everybdy C. Smebdy D. Anybdy
32.(2016阜新4题) There isn’t_______ in the classrm. They’re in the physics labratry nw
A smebdy B anybdy C. nbdy D everybdy
33.(2015葫芦岛2题) I didn’t sleep well because_______ suddenly kncked n the dr just nw.
A smebdy B. nbdy C. anybdy D everybdy
34.(2014朝阳27题)---Gd afternn， class. Is_______ here? ---N. sir. Peter is absent
A. anybdy B everybdy C nbdy D. smebdy
39.(2018随州)---I’ m wrried abut tmrrw’s talent shw. ---Be cnfident! If yu dn't believe in yurself, _____ will. A. nbdy B. anybdy C. everybdy D. smebdy
40.(2018抚顺模拟)- --What a bad day! ---Everyne has ne f thse days when______ ges right
A nthing B. anything C everything D. smething
41.(2018抚顺模拟)—Is______ OK, Bill? ---N, Mm. My math is nt as gd as it befre
A. anything B. everything C. smething D. nthing
42.(2018抚本铁辽葫十模) Attentin please， everyne. Our teacher has______ imprtant t tell us
A. nthing B. anything C. everything D. smething
43(2018抚本铁辽葫三模)Lk， the light is still n. Maybe_____ is wrking there
A. anyne B. smene C. everyne D n ne
参考答案
四、CADAB DDAAC A
六、1-10 BDBDA CBADB 11-14ABCA
6．B 7． D 8． B 9．C 10．A 11． B 12． B 13．B 14．A 15．B
16. didn’t d 17. Where, g18 Did, visit 19. What did, d20. had a great time
1-12BADAB CDAAD BC
七、范文
My Vacatin t Beijing
Last summer, I went t BeiJing n vacatin with my father . It was sunny and ht. First we
visited the Great Wall. It is really the lngest wall in the wrld. There were a lt f peple there.
The next day, we visited the Palace Museum and Tian'anmen Square. We tk many phts
there. We als visited sme ther interesting places in Beijing such as a Beijing hutng and
Beihai Park. We had a great time in Beijing. I hpe t g there again.
八、BCBAB ABAAB DB