第8讲 特殊句式 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练

这是一份第8讲 特殊句式 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练，主要包含了祈使句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
倒装、强调、省略、感叹及祈使句
重点考察知识点一倒装句
1. 完全倒装
(1) There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flw/seem等不及物动词代替。
There seems t be smething wrng with the machine.
(2) Here/There/Nw/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词
There ges the bell.Let's g int the lecture hall.
Be quick！Here cmes the bus.
(3) Out/In/Up/Dwn/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词
Out rushed the children. Away flew the birds.
比较： Away they hurried.
(4) 介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语
On the wall hang tw large prtraits.
At the ft f the hill lies a beautiful village.
(5) 表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Prfessr White，Prfessr Smith and many ther guests.
Gne are the days when wmen were lked dwn upn.
Seated in the first line are sme advanced wrkers.
(6) Such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；n ne can deny them.
Such is Yiyangqianxi, a yung handsme singer ppular with Chinese teenagers.
2.部分倒装
(1) 用于以s，nr，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“s＋主语＋d”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，s相当于indeed，certainly。
Mary has learned by heart 200 wrds，and s have I.
－The girls study hard. 这些女孩学习刻苦。
－S they d. 她们的确如此。
I dn’t knw it, nr d I care abut it.
Tm desn’t like bananas, neither/nr d I.
注意：当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“s it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”
Tm likes singing, but he desn’t like dancing. S it is with Mary.
(2) 表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时要部分倒装。这些词有nt，never，hardly，seldm，scarcely，barely，little，n，nwhere，nt nly，nt until，at n time，by n means，in n way，n n cnditin, n ，等。
By n means shall we give up.
At n time will China be the first t use the nuclear weapn.
Nt a single mistake did he make.
Never befre _________ I seen such a mving film.
Nt nly _________ he frced t stay hme, but als he had t d his hmewrk.
答案 have did
(3) nly置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时要用部分倒装。
Only after my friend came _______ the cmputer repaired.
was
Only then did I realize the imprtance f mathematics.
比较：Only he knws the secret.
(4) as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)要用部分倒装。
Tired as he was，he stayed up late.
Explain as I might，I culd nt make myself understd.
Child as he is，he knws a lt.
(5) 在，句型中，当s，such引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。
S ludly did he speak that even peple in the next rm culd hear him.
(6) 在，n ，nt until句型中，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly had he arrived when it began t snw.= N sner had he arrived than it began t snw.
(7) 在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或shuld置于句首。
Were I in yur psitin, I wuld nt g.
Had I attended the meeting, I wuld have met Jim.
(8) hwever，n matter hw引导的让步状语从句。
Hwever hard he wrked，he culdn't slve the prblem.= N matter hw hard he wrked,
重点考察知识点二 强调
1. 强调句的基本句型
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋句子剩余成分
(1) 强调人时可用wh/that来连接，强调事物时用that。
所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
It is I wh/that am right.(强调主语)
It was him that/wh/whm we met at the schl gate.(强调宾语)
It was because her mther was ill that she didn't g t wrk.(强调状语)
(2) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
Was it in 1939 that the Secnd Wrld War brke ut?
Is it Prfessr Wang wh teaches yu English?
(3) 它的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词。
Wh was it that brke the windw?
When was it that yu called me yesterday?
What is it that yu want me t d?
(4) 的强调句形式：It is/was nt until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。
He didn't g t bed until 11 'clck last night.
→ It was nt until 11 'clck last night that he went t bed.
It was nt until he tk ff his dark glasses that I realized he was a famus film star.
判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句型的特有结构It ，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。
比较： (1) It was he wh did all the cleaning.可以看出，去掉画线部分，句子仍然成立，故该句为强调句型。
（2）It is a pity that he has failed again. （ 主语从句 ）
（3）It is a questin that needs careful cnsideratin. ( 定语从句 )
（4）It was at six ’clck that I gt up tday. ( 强调句型 )
（5）It was six ’clck when I gt up tday. ( 状语从句 )
2. 用助动词强调谓语。
如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词d，des或did。
Many f the films are frm the USA，but we d give awards t films frm ther cuntries.
He did cme t see yu last Sunday，but yu were ut.
重点考察知识点三 省略句
1. 状语从句的省略:
(1) 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，主谓均可以省略。
① 时间状语从句：Please cme here as sn as(it is)pssible.
② 地点状语从句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.
③ 条件状语从句：She wn't cme t the party unless(she is)invited.
④ 方式状语从句：I wnder why he didn't d as(he was)tld t.
⑤ 比较状语从句：It is much clder tday than(it was)yesterday.
⑥ 让步状语从句：Thugh(they were)tired，they went n walking.
(2) 状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关系。
Be careful when (yu are)crssing the street.
Once (he/she is)burnt，a child dare nt tuch the fire again.
2. 答语中的省略:
I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hpe，I guess等作答句，后面跟s或nt分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。
－D yu think it will rain?
－I hpe nt (that it will nt rain)．
－D yu believe ur team will win?
－I guess s.
3. 不定式中“t”的省略:
(1) 感官动词(see，feel，hear，ntice，watch，bserve，listen t等)和使役动词(let，make，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略t，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
I heard smene sing in the next rm.
The thief was nticed ____t slip_______( slip) int the rm.
(2) 动词help和介词but，except后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略t。
He will help me (t) wrk ut the prblem.
He did nthing but wait all the time.
若句中but/except前无d/des/did，则t不能省略。
He has n chice but _____t wait_________( wait).
(3) 不定式作表语时，若主语为what引导的主语从句，不定代词all作主语被定语从句修饰或后有定语从句修饰的“”作主语时，如果其前出现过d的各种形式，不定式中“t”可以省去。
What he can d is (t) wait.
The nly thing he culd d was (t) wait.
All that he can d is (t) wait.
(4) 固定结构或句型中常省去“t”。
can't(help)but d...；why nt d...；prefer t than d...；
I wuld prefer t swim rather than play ftball.
4. 虚拟语气中if和shuld的省略
(1) 在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去if。
If we had knwn abut the plans fr the factry，we wuld never have bught the huse.
→Had we knwn abut the plans fr the factry，we wuld never have bught the huse.
If I were yu，I wuld nt d it like that.
→Were I yu，I wuld nt d it like that.
(2) 主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中可省略shuld。
The wrkers demanded that their wages(shuld)be increased.
类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，rder，prefer，prpse，request，require，cmmand，recmmend, urge...
It is desired that we (shuld)arrive there befre dark.
It is necessary that he (shuld)knw it.
My suggestin is that we (shuld)visit the exhibitin at nce.
5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构
(1) 在以if，when，thugh，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be，或者从句为it is结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。
If (it is) necessary，we shall send a telegram hme.
Whenever (it is) pssible，he will cme t my help.
While (yu are) cycling，dn't frget the traffic lights.
He clsed his eyes as if（he was）lst in thught.
(2) 由固定词组引导的疑问句。
What abut having a game f chess?
Hw cme they left yu alne here?
What if it's raining?
Why nt try again?
使用不定式符号t来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid / glad, expect, frget, hpe, intend, like, lve, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
He may leave if he wishes t.
Dn't g till I tell yu t.
I asked him t see the film, but he didn’t want t.
—Will yu jin in the game?
—I’d be glad t.
注意：如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are yu a sailr?
—N, but I used t be.
宾语从句中的省略
引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。
He tld me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
定语从句中的省略
He lst the watch (that/which) he bught yesterday.
I dn’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks t thers.
重点考察知识点四 感叹句
感叹句常用的七大句型：
(1) Hw＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
__Hw_____ high the muntain is! Hw fast he is running!
(2) Hw＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
___Hw_______ difficult a prblem it is!
(3) Hw＋主语＋谓语！
Hw time flies! ____Hw_____ I miss yu!
(4) What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
____What______ a clever by he is! What a fine day it is!
(5) What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
__What_______ sweet water it is!
____What______ terrible weather it is!
(6) What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
_____What_____ beautiful flwers these are!
(7) What＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
What news it is!
重点考察知识点五 祈使句
1. 否定式 Dn’t be s sure. Dn’t get clse t the tiger.
2. 强调式 D cme n time this evening. Never cme late!
3. 带有主语的祈使句
Tm, yu water the flwers! Yu, girls, clean the desks; yu, bys, sweep the flr.
4. 祈使句+and/r+陈述句 Wrk hard and yu will succeed. Wrk hard r yu will fail.
5. 名词短语+and/r+陈述句 Mre time and I will d it better.
真题感悟
一、单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There ________ (be) three bks I reread annually.
答案：are 这是一个完全倒装句，根据主语three bks可知，谓语动词应用复数。
2．(2019·天津高考)Why ________ (be) there s many flies and s few wlves?
答案：are 本句是there be句型的疑问句式，根据s many flies and s few wlves可知，be动词应填are。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while ________ (feed) its citizens “ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
答案：feeding 句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。while后面省略了China is，省略句的原则：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一起省略。故填feeding。
4．Only then can the State f Utah ________ (make) an educated decisin n behalf f peple and resurces.
答案：make 在句首的nly如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则主句用倒装结构。本句中情态动词can倒装，位于主语之前，谓语动词仍用原形，故填make。
5．Hardly ________ he arrived hme when the phne rang.
答案：had 句意：他刚到家，电话就响了。此处为句型hardly ... when ...表示“一……就……”，此句型中，前面部分用过去完成时，后面部分用一般过去时，且hardly位于句首时，要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词had提到主语he之前。
6．If everything ges well ________ planned, the prbe will reach a speed f 692,018 kilmeters per hur as it rbits the sun.
答案：as as it is planned为方式状语从句，此处省略了主语和be动词。
7．Nt nly ________ (be) it the ability t recgnize hw smene feels, but it als values and respects the feelings f anther persn.
答案：is 此处是nt nly置于句首的倒装，根据主语是it可知，be动词应用第三人称，根据but后的values and respects可知时态应用一般现在时，故填is。
8．The mn rse elegantly frm the valley, the whle muntain ________ (bathe) itself in mysterius mnlight.
答案：bathing 句意：月亮从山谷里优雅地升起，整个高山沐浴在神秘的月光中。The mn rse elegantly frm the valley是主句，没有连词连接，故the whle muntain________(bathe) itself in mysterius mnlight是独立主格结构作状语，muntain与bathe是主谓且是主动关系，故用现在分词bathing。
9．(2019·北京高考)Nt nly ________ yu help ur yung vlunteers t develp persnally, yu'll als learn new skills and increase yur cultural awareness.
答案：will 句意：你们不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者发展个人能力，还可以学习新的技能，提高文化意识。Nt nly位于句首，构成部分倒装，根据主句中的yu'll可知，设空处应填will。
10．(2019·天津高考)N sner ________ she leave my drstep than I had emails frm tw wmen whse kids g t my sn's nursery and wh recgnized my face.
答案：did 句意：她一离开我家，我就收到了两个女人的电子邮件，她们的孩子去了我儿子的托儿所，她们认出了我。n sner had/did ... than ... “一……就”，N sner位于句首，构成部分倒装，将助动词提前，根据后面的“I had emails”可知，设空处应填did。
11．It's time that I ________ (get) dwn t thinking abut that essay.
答案：gt 句意：我该认真考虑一下那篇论文了。get dwn t ding sth “开始，着手处理”，句型it's time that＋从句，表示“到了该做……的时候了”，从句需用虚拟语气，且从句谓语动词需用一般过去时或“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld不能省略。
12．Feeling dwn? Why ________ visit ne f these fur websites?
答案：nt/dn't yu “Why nt＋动词原形＋ ...？”意为“为什么不……？”，是一种比较强烈的建议表达，相当于“Why dn't yu ...”。
13．Catherine, ________ (set) the alarm clck fr 6 'clck, r yu wuld versleep and be late fr the train.
答案：set 句意：凯瑟琳，把闹钟定到6点，否则你会睡过头，就赶不上火车了。此处为“祈使句＋r＋陈述句”结构，应用动词原形。
14．(2021·北京市海淀区高三第一学期模拟)________ glad I was that he was sitting next t me.
答案：Hw 句意：他坐在我旁边，我是多么高兴。此处为hw引导的感叹句。hw用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：Hw＋形容词(副词)＋主语＋谓语！
15．(2020·山东高考)“I wish we culd help him t earn mney，” said Clara. “His family is suffering s much.” “________ d I，” said Harry. “We really shuld d smething t assist them.”
答案：S “s＋助动词＋主语”表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物。
16．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and s t ________ its tp crp.
答案：has 该句是一个倒装句。当前面的句子是肯定句时，用“s＋助动词＋主语”表示“某人也……”。助动词的选用根据前面句子的谓语动词来判断。
17．(2018·北京高考)In any unsafe situatin, simply ________ (press) the buttn and a highly­trained agent will get yu the help yu need.
答案：press 句意：在任何危险的情况下，仅仅摁一下按钮，那么一个高度训练的代理人将使你获得你需要的帮助。此处是“祈使句＋and＋一般将来时”的固定结构。
18．(2018·天津高考)—I'm mving in a few days and I wnder if yu culd help.
—Yu bet. Just let me knw when, ________ I'll be there.
答案：and 该句式是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”，祈使句相当于条件，简单句相当于主句。
19．(2020·天津高考)Has it been a while since yur last visit t a public library? If ________， yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better.
答案：s 句意：自从你上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了吗？如果是这样的话，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。s指代的是前文的“上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了”，中间省略了it is。
二、单句改错
20．(2020·江苏高考)But it was the effects deep within the fat cells which may have been the mst significant, the researchers fund.
________________________________________________________________
答案：which→that 句意：但研究人员发现，最重要的可能是脂肪细胞内部的影响。此处为强调句型“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”。
21．Amng these bks, I like The Old Man and the Sea best, frm which I've learned never t give up when facing with difficulties.
________________________________________________________________
答案：facing→faced 句意：在这些书中，我最喜欢《老人与海》，从中我学会了在遇到困难时永不放弃。表示“面对” 短语为be faced with，且此处为when引导的状语从句，常省略和主句相同的主语和be动词，从句补充完整为“when (I am) faced with difficulties”。故将facing改为faced。
22．It was nt until I surprisingly gt a vilin as a present n my eighth birthday which I tk up playing an instrument.
________________________________________________________________
答案：which→that 句意：直到我八岁生日那天意外地得到一把小提琴作为礼物后，我才开始演奏乐器。It is/was nt until ... that ... “直到……才……”，固定句型。
23．It was nt until his third match in 1790 when he finally beat Humphries and became Champin f England.
________________________________________________________________
答案：when→that 句意：正是直到1790年第三次比赛时，他才最后打败汉弗莱斯，而成为英国的冠军。本题是一个强调句型，强调“nt until ...”部分，而不是when引导的定语从句，故将when改为that。
24．If when the lawyer cmes will it be pssible t sign the papers.
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答案：If→Only 句意：只有律师来了才有可能在文件上签字。nly＋状语从句位于句首，主句要部分倒装，从句不倒装。
25．It was then when he realized his camera was gne.
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答案：when→that 句意：就在那时，他意识到他的相机不见了。此处为强调句型“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”。
26．What unfrgettable experience!
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答案：unfrgettable前加an 句意：多么难忘的经历啊！句子为感叹句，experience意为“经历”，为可数名词，所以此处为感叹句型“What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋(主语＋谓语)”，unfrgettable的发音以元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。
27．When asking hw the public wuld help beautify Utah Lake, the lake's fficial wrkers suggested picking up garbage.
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答案：asking→asked 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。从句中的ask和主语the lake's fficial wrkers为被动关系，意为“被问及……”，故用过去分词形式，when asked＝when they were asked。
28.N turists wuld miss the lcal fd in Xi'an, s wuld we.
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答案：s→nr/neither “s＋助动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物。表示否定时，要用nr/neither。
29．There have a time when we yung peple believe that ur parents shuld stp ffering their advice.
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答案：have→is 句意：有这么一段时间，我们年轻人认为我们的父母应该停止提出建议。此处为“there be”句型。There is a time when ... “有一段时间……”。
30．I wnder when it was what yu came t realize what his wrds meant.
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答案：第一个what→that 句意：我想知道究竟是什么时候你意识到他所说的话的真正含义是什么。本句是一个多重复合句。I wnder后是when引导的强调句式的特殊疑问句，可以复原为“It was (when) that yu came t realize ...”，所以用强调句的引导词that；及物动词realize后接宾语从句。